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专题08 阅读理解七选五
Passage 1
（2025年全国一卷）An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____36_____
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____37_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____38_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____39____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____40_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
【答案】36. E 37. D 38. C 39. F 40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. (课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. (这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. (当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. (完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. (乔安娜 赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文““Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. (赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. (去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F项。
【40题详解】
根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. (她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. (她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应。故选G项。
Passage 2
（2025年全国二卷）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults ___16___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
___18___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● ___19___
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___20___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. E 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。
Passage 3
（2025年北京卷）What is adulthood Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle.
As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. ____35____
But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. ____36____ If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world.
Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. ____37____ You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this.
So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ____38____ We are a social species, so this is important.
While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. ____39____
A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work.
C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you.
E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music.
G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. D 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。
【35题详解】
由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。
【36题详解】
由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【37题详解】
由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。
【38题详解】
由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。
【39题详解】
由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。
Passage 4
（2025年1月浙江卷）One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. ____36____ There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. ____37____ This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. ____38____ However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
____39____
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. ____40____
Building effective communication skills takes time but the effects are worth the effort.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. G 39. B 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。
【36题详解】
上文“One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are often simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“too much”形成对比。故选C项。
【37题详解】
上文“Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly to what matters to them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。
【38题详解】
下文“However, they’re hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what you’re going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。
【39题详解】
下文“If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience involved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。
【40题详解】
上文“If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。
Passage 1
（2025·广东深圳·5月高考适应性考试）In literature, flat and round characters offer distinct approaches to character development. Flat characters are defined by a singular symbolic characteristic. 16 For example, the evil stepmothers in traditional fairy tales are flat characters, serving to drive the story with their simplicity.
By contrast, Jia Baoyu in Dream of the Red Chamber exemplifies (举例说明) round characters, defined by inner conflicts, contradictions, and personal growth. 17 They reflect the unpredictability of humanity, making them more relatable and dynamic to readers.
In earlier literary works, flat characters often symbolized heroic ideals, such as the brave heroes in The Odyssey. As society moves away from idealized heroes, literature focuses more on characters’ personal struggles, reflecting how writers began to see humanity in a more complex way. With the rise of realism in the 19th century, round characters gained popularity, as seen in Jane Eyre, which allowed for the exploration of personal identity and internal conflict. 18
However, not every character that appears in a story needs to be deep. 19 Imagine the main character is taking a taxi to a hotel. If we make the taxi driver a round character, the focus could shift from the main character to the taxi driver, potentially taking attention away from the main plot.
20 They together create tension and richness in a literary work. Flat characters provide clarity and focus, simplifying themes and making them accessible to readers. Meanwhile, round characters reveal human complexity, showing life beyond black and white.
A．Neither type of characters is better than the other.
B．Such characters stand out for complexity and depth.
C．We don’t get heartfelt backstory to enrich their roles.
D．If flat characters are round, they may “steal the show”.
E．This shows how literature reflects evolving social views.
F．Round characters are more engaging than flat characters.
G．They are more like a spotlight, drawing attention to one aspect.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．E 19．D 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文学作品中扁平人物和圆形人物的特点及作用。
16．上文“Flat characters are defined by a singular symbolic characteristic. (扁平人物由单一的象征性特征定义)”解释了扁平人物的定义，空处应进一步说明扁平人物的特点，G选项中They指代上文提及的Flat characters，G选项“它们更像是一个聚光灯，把注意力吸引到一个方面。”解释了扁平人物就像聚光灯一样，只聚焦于一个方面，突出其单一特征，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
17．上文“By contrast, Jia Baoyu in Dream of the Red Chamber exemplifies (举例说明) round characters, defined by inner conflicts, contradictions, and personal growth. (相比之下，《红楼梦》中的贾宝玉是圆形人物的典型，以内心的冲突、矛盾和个人成长来定义)”提到圆形人物的特点，空处应进一步阐述圆形人物的这些特点，B选项“这样的人物因其复杂性和深度而脱颖而出。”强调了圆形人物的复杂性和深度，承接上文，符合语境。故选B。
18．上文“With the rise of realism in the 19th century, round characters gained popularity, as seen in Jane Eyre, which allowed for the exploration of personal identity and internal conflict. (随着19世纪现实主义的兴起，圆形人物开始流行起来，如《简·爱》所示，这使得对个人身份和内心冲突的探索成为可能)”提到了文学作品中圆形人物的流行以及现实主义的影响，空处应进一步说明这种变化的意义，E选项“这显示了文学如何反映不断变化的社会观点。”指出了文学作品与社会观点之间的关联，承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
19．上文“However, not every character that appears in a story needs to be deep. (然而，并不是故事中出现的每个角色都需要有深度)”提出了一个观点，即并非所有角色都需要有深度，空处应进一步解释这一观点，D选项“如果扁平人物变得圆润，他们可能会‘抢镜’。”说明如果扁平人物被描绘得过于复杂，可能会分散读者对主要角色的注意力，引出下文关于角色抢镜的论述“Imagine the main character is taking a taxi to a hotel. If we make the taxi driver a round character, the focus could shift from the main character to the taxi driver, potentially taking attention away from the main plot.(想象一下，主角正在乘出租车去酒店。如果我们把出租车司机变成一个圆形角色，焦点可能会从主角转移到出租车司机身上，从而可能会转移人们对主要情节的注意力)”，如果扁平人物被描绘得过于复杂，可能会分散读者对主要角色的注意力，D选项承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
20．下文“They together create tension and richness in a literary work. Flat characters provide clarity and focus, simplifying themes and making them accessible to readers. Meanwhile, round characters reveal human complexity, showing life beyond black and white. (它们共同在文学作品中创造张力和丰富性。扁平人物提供清晰和焦点，简化主题，使读者容易理解。同时，圆形人物揭示人性的复杂性，展现黑白之外的生活)”讨论了扁平人物和圆形人物在文学作品中的共同作用，空处应提出一个概括性的观点，A选项“这两种类型的角色都不比另一种好。”说明扁平人物和圆形人物在文学作品中各有其作用，共同创造张力和丰富性，没有优劣之分，强调了两种角色的平衡和互补性。故选A。
Passage 2
（2025·湖北省武汉市第二中学·二次模拟）We tend to think that our success is limited because of lack of money, time, and energy, but this is not necessarily true. Lack of self-worth is often the biggest roadblock on our path to living a fulfilling life. Not all of us recognize our individual worth and the contributions we make to the world. 16
It might seem natural to measure your value by your income, physical appearance, job title, or social media popularity. 17 Because these aspects of your life can change at any moment, it’s more useful to consider inner values such as compassion, generosity, leadership, respect, and kindness. 18 We all have a self-talk that points out our shortcomings and failures. Whenever you begin criticizing yourself, stop and pause for a minute. Consider the virtue of what this voice is telling you. Is what you hear an objective fact Is it useful and kind If the answer is no, then this criticism is not worth paying attention to.
You alone are responsible for your self-worth. Regardless of other people’s words, thoughts, and opinions about you, you can still choose how you view yourself. 19 Don’t wait for people to confirm your value. Instead, do it with your internal dialogue and your actions.
We all mess up sometimes — it’s part of being human. 20 It’s easy to extend kindness and forgiveness to others, but you have to do yourself the same favor. There’s no point in worrying about your mistakes or upsetting over the not-so-good decisions from the past. Self-compassion is about believing that you are worthy of love regardless of what you do or fail to do.
A．Don’t let your inner critic rule your thoughts.
B．What matters is what you think about yourself.
C．All these do not determine your value and self-worth.
D．But when you do, you must forgive yourself and let it go.
E．Treat yourself with the love and care that others give you.
F．However, you can build self-worth by practicing self-care.
G．Pay attention to the perceptions about where you should be.
【答案】16．F 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨自我价值的核心在于内在品质，而非外在条件，并强调自我接纳与自我宽恕的重要性。
16．根据上文“Not all of us recognize our individual worth and the contributions we make to the world(并非所有人都认识到自己的个人价值和对世界的贡献)”可知，作者指出人们普遍存在对自我价值认知不足的问题。下文需衔接解决这一问题的方向，F项“However, you can build self-worth by practicing self-care(然而，你可以通过自我关怀来建立自我价值)”以However转折，提出解决方案，符合逻辑。故选F项。
17．根据上文“It might seem natural to measure your value by your income, physical appearance, job title, or social media popularity(用收入、外貌、职位头衔或社交媒体上的人气度来衡量自身价值，这看似自然而然)”以及下文“Because these aspects of your life can change at any moment, it’s more useful to consider inner values such as compassion, generosity, leadership, respect, and kindness(因为这些生活层面可能随时改变，所以考虑诸如同情心、慷慨、领导力、尊重和善良等内在价值观更为有益)”可知，作者否定外在标准的可靠性。C项“All these do not determine your value and self-worth(所有这些都不能决定你的价值和自我价值)”中的“All these”指代上文的外在因素，明确否定其决定性，承上启下。故选C项。
18．根据下文“We all have a self-talk that points out our shortcomings and failures(我们都有自我对话，指出自己的缺点和失败)”以及“Whenever you begin criticizing yourself, stop and pause for a minute(每当你开始批评自己时，停下来一分钟)”可知，下文说的是要在自我对话到来的时候，停一分钟，可推理出此处说的是不要让内在的批评支配你的思想，A项“Don’t let your inner critic rule your thoughts(不要让你内心的批评者支配你的思想)”符合语境。故选A项。
19．根据上文“You alone are responsible for your self-worth. Regardless of other people’s words, thoughts, and opinions about you, you can still choose how you view yourself(你自身的价值完全由你自己负责。无论他人对你有何种言论、想法和看法，你依然可以选择如何审视自己)”可知，你自身的价值完全由你自己负责，可推理出此处强调自我认知的主导性。B项“What matters is what you think about yourself(重要的是你如何看待自己)”进一步强化“自我看法”的核心地位，故选B项。
20．根据上文“We all mess up sometimes — it’s part of being human(我们都会犯错——这是人性的一部分)”以及下文“It’s easy to extend kindness and forgiveness to others, but you have to do yourself the same favor(我们很容易对别人善良和宽恕，但你也必须同样善待自己)”可知，我们都会犯错，所以你要善待自己，可推理出此处说的是当你犯错的时候，要原谅自己，D项“But when you do, you must forgive yourself and let it go(但当你犯错时，你必须原谅自己并放下)”表达的含义符合语境，故选D项。
Passage 3
（2025·山东省实验中学·二次模拟）Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22 to remind people worldwide to protect our planet. It was initially celebrated in 1970 when millions of Americans came together to protest pollution and environmental damage. This first Earth Day led to new environmental laws and inspired people in over 190 countries to take action. 36
The theme for Earth Day 2025 is “OUR POWER, OUR PLANET”. This year’s focus is on renewable energy, with a goal to triple clean electricity worldwide by 2030. 37 For example, schools, businesses and governments are encouraged to work together to decrease carbon emissions, reduce pollution, and generate green power.
Earth Day teaches us that small actions matter. For example, planting trees with EARTHDAY. ORG’s Canopy Project helps fight climate change. 38 Do you know micro-plastics are now found in food like seafood and tea Earth Day encourages solutions like reusable bags or non-poisonous pest control to keep families and pets safe.
39 Schools can organize environmental protection-themed classes, where students discuss ways to reduce their environmental footprints in daily life. Educational institutions can organize various activities to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and inspire them to make better choices, like using solar energy or supporting sustainable businesses.
Earth Day’s message is clear: Our planet’s health depends on us and it requires our continuous efforts. We can start with small actions in our daily life, such as reducing waste,using public transportation, and participating in tree-planting activities. 40
A．Education is key to saving the planet.
B．Your actions today shape tomorrow’s Earth!
C．It calls for joint efforts to achieve the target.
D．It encourages everyone to play a role in protecting our planet.
E．Today, it has become the world’s largest environmental movement.
F．Only by making these small changes can we contribute to a sustainable future.
G．Avoiding plastic, recycling clothes, or using eco-friendly products also counts.
【答案】36．E 37．C 38．G 39．A 40．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。地球日旨在提醒人们保护地球，2025年主题关注可再生能源，强调教育和个人行动重要性，呼吁共同守护地球。
36．由上文“This first Earth Day led to new environmental laws and inspired people in over 190 countries to take action. (第一个地球日催生了新的环境法，并激励了190多个国家的人们采取行动。)”可知，此处需进一步说明地球日的发展态势，E项Today, it has become the world’s largest environmental movement. (如今，它已成为世界上最大的环保运动。)中的it指代Earth Day，largest environmental movement直接承接上文“190多个国家参与”的规模描述，突出其从最初的抗议活动发展为全球性环保运动的演变，逻辑上形成“历史起源→现状规模”的递进。故选E项。
37．由上文“with a goal to triple clean electricity worldwide by 2030. (目标是到2030年全球清洁电力增加两倍。)”可知，此处需衔接实现目标的必要条件，C项It calls for joint efforts to achieve the target. (它呼吁共同努力以实现这一目标。)中的It指代前文“2025年地球日主题”，joint efforts与后文“schools, businesses and governments are encouraged to work together (鼓励学校、企业和政府合作)”形成具体呼应，明确目标的达成需要多方协同行动，体现“目标→途径”的论证逻辑。故选C项。
38．由上文“Earth Day teaches us that small actions matter. For example, planting trees with EARTHDAY. ORG’s Canopy Project helps fight climate change. (地球日告诉我们，小行动很重要。例如，通过EARTHDAY.ORG的‘树冠计划’植树有助于应对气候变化。)”可知，此处需延续“小行动”的举例，G项Avoiding plastic, recycling clothes, or using eco-friendly products also counts. (避免使用塑料、回收衣物或使用环保产品也算在内。)通过also counts表明这些行为与前文“植树”并列，同属“重要的小行动”范畴，且avoiding plastic等例子进一步拓展了环保行动的具体场景，符合“总述→分例”的结构。故选G项。
39．由下文“Schools can organize environmental protection-themed classes, where students discuss ways to reduce their environmental footprints in daily life. Educational institutions can organize various activities to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and inspire them to make better choices, like using solar energy or supporting sustainable businesses. (学校可以组织环保主题课程，让学生讨论日常生活中减少环境足迹的方法。教育机构可以组织各种活动，提高人们的环保意识，激励他们做出更好的选择，比如使用太阳能或支持可持续企业。)”可知，此处需提炼段落核心，A项Education is key to saving the planet. (教育是拯救地球的关键。)中的education直接概括后文“学校课程”和“教育机构活动”的共同属性，key一词强调教育在环保中的基础性作用，作为段落首句统领全段，形成“观点→例证”的逻辑关系。故选A项。
40．由上文“We can start with small actions in our daily life, such as reducing waste, using public transportation, and participating in tree-planting activities. (我们可以从日常生活中的小行动开始，例如减少浪费、使用公共交通和参加植树活动。)”可知，此处需总结“小行动”与可持续未来的关联，F项Only by making these small changes can we contribute to a sustainable future. (只有做出这些小改变，我们才能为可持续的未来做出贡献。)通过only by强调前文“小行动”的必要性，these small changes指代reducing waste等具体行为，sustainable future呼应全文环保目标，形成“做法→结果”的逻辑闭环。故选F项。
Passage 4
（2025·湖南长沙第一中学·一模）How to Become a More Effective Listener
Being a good listener can enrich your understanding, expand your capacity for empathy, and improve your communication skills. 16 Here are some practical strategies to improve your listening skills.
Maintain appropriate eye contact.
When someone is talking to you, make and hold eye contact so they know you’ re taking in what they’ re saying. 17 Studies show the ideal amount of eye contact is about 3 seconds at a time; longer periods of direct eye contact may make the other person uncomfortable.
Minimize distractions.
Active listening requires full focus. If you’ re watching TV or scrolling TikTok while someone is speaking, they’ll likely get the impression that you’ re not really paying attention — and you’ll miss key details. 18 This demonstrates respect and engagement. 19
You might be a great listener, but your conversation partner may not realize it if you don’t show them. Nodding now and again and offering an “mmhmm” or “I see” can help them know that you care. And the occasional verbal acknowledgement that you’ re listening and comprehending can encourage the other person to keep talking.
Ask insightful questions.
Meaningful questions deepen conversations and show genuine interest. 20 This encourages the speaker to reflect and elaborate, making the discussion more productive. That’s why we should aim to use questions as a means by which the speaker can begin to reach their own conclusions about the issues being raised, without sounding judgmental or forceful.
A．Read their body language.
B．Provide proper feedback.
C．Put aside any distractions and maintain focus.
D．However, avoid staring at them the whole time.
E．However, mastering this skill requires conscious effort.
F．For example, inquire about their perspective or feelings.
G．A good listener should always offer immediate advice.
【答案】16．E 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何成为更出色的倾听者。
16．根据上文“Being a good listener can enrich your understanding, expand your capacity for empathy,and improve your communication skills. (做一个好的倾听者能够丰富你的理解能力，增强你的同理心，并提升你的沟通技巧。)”可知，前文论述倾听的好处，后文“Here are some practical strategies to improve your listening skills. (以下是一些能够提升你听力技能的实用方法。)”引出具体方法， 因此此处需要承上启下的过渡句。故E选项“但要掌握这项技能需要有意识的努力。”符合语境，故选E。
17．根据上文“When someone is talking to you, make and hold eye contact so they know you’ re taking in what they’ re saying. (当有人与你交谈时，要与对方保持眼神接触，这样他们就能知道你正在认真倾听他们所说的内容。)”可知，前句说“要保持眼神接触”，后句给出“3秒为宜”的研究数据。本句补充注意事项， 与后文“Studies show the ideal amount of eye contact is about 3 seconds at a time; longer periods of direct eye contact may make the other person uncomfortable. (研究表明，理想的目光接触时长约为 3 秒；长时间直接对视可能会让对方感到不适。)”形成递进解释。故D选项“但不要一直盯着他们看。”符合语境，故选D。
18．根据上文“Active listening requires full focus. If you’ re watching TV or scrolling TikTok while someone is speaking, they’ll likely get the impression that you’ re not really paying attention — and you’ll miss key details. (积极倾听需要全神贯注。如果在有人讲话时你正盯着电视或者在 TikTok 上滑动屏幕，那么对方很可能会觉得你并没有真正认真倾听——而且你还会错过重要的细节。)”可知，前文批评分心行为，此处需解决方法。C选项“Put aside”与前文构成“问题一对策”关系，且“maintain focus”与段首“requires full focus”首尾呼应。故C选项“把开小差的念头抛在一边，保持专注。”符合语境，故选C。
19．根据本段内容“You might be a great listener, but your conversation partner may not realize it if you don’t show them. Nodding now and again and offering an “mmhmm” or “I see” can help them know that you care. And the occasional verbal acknowledgement that you’ re listening and comprehending can encourage the other person to keep talking. (你或许是个出色的倾听者，但如果你不向对方做出示意，那么对方可能不会意识到这一点。时不时地点头，或者说出“嗯嗯”或者“我明白了”之类的话，都能让他们知道你在倾听并理解对方的意思。偶尔用言语表达出你正在倾听并理解对方的意思，还能鼓励对方继续说下去。)”可知，该段具体描述点头、简短回应等行为， B选项准确概括反馈行为(非语言+语言)。故B选项“提供恰当的反馈。”符合语境，故选B。
20．根据上文“Meaningful questions deepen conversations and show genuine interest. (有意义的问题能够深化交流，并展现出真正的兴趣。)”以及后文“This encourages the speaker to reflect and elaborate, making the discussion more productive. That’s why we should aim to use questions as a means by which the speaker can begin to reach their own conclusions about the issues being raised, without sounding judgmental or forceful. (这会促使演讲者进行思考并进一步阐述，从而使讨论更具成效。这就是为什么我们应该力求将提问作为一种手段，让演讲者能够开始自行得出关于所提出问题的结论，同时又不会显得带有评判性或过于强硬。)”可知，前句总述“有意义的问题”， 后文具体说“让说话者反思”。F选项“...inquire about...”作为典型例证，且“perspective or feelings”与后文“reach their own conclusions”对应。故F选项“例如，询问他们的看法或感受。”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 5
（2025·广东省深圳·高三下学期第一次调研）Green roofs have been around for thousands of years, long before modern housing was developed. From the simple grass-covered roofs above caves to the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, they remained an important part of architecture. 16 They bring enormous environmental benefits and offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges of our time.
In the design of a green roof, there are key factors that count. The first step is to install (安装) a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage. 17 It’s essential to choose high-quality materials, as once the green roof is completed and the building is in use, replacing the protective layer becomes difficult and expensive.
Next, a drainage (排水) layer, which is often made of pebbles or a special mat, is placed on top. It helps water flow off the roof instead of pooling on it. Then, a growing medium, like soil or other similar materials, is spread over the drainage layer. 18
Now it’s time to choose plants for the roof. Some plants have shallow root systems and don’t need much water. 19 Sedum and chives are good examples of such plants. They are not only water-efficient but tough and long-lasting.
20 It’s important to think about your budget. On average, it costs $25 to $30 per square foot to install a green roof. This doesn’t include the cost of installing or repairing the normal roof underneath. And there is labour cost to cover. If a traditional roof costs $30 per square foot, installing a green roof could easily double that expense.
A．This is where the plants will grow.
B．However, green roofs come at a high cost.
C．Today, green roofs are gaining more attention.
D．These features make them ideal for green roofs.
E．As a result, they led to the popularity of green roofs.
F．Green roof materials can range from grass to solar panels.
G．The layer also stops plant roots growing into the roof structure.
【答案】16．C 17．G 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色屋顶给现代生活带来的好处及它的建造过程。
16．根据下文“They bring enormous environmental benefits and offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges of our time. (它们带来了巨大的环境效益，并为我们这个时代一些紧迫的生态挑战提供了解决方案。)”可知，绿色屋顶给现代生活带来的好处，C项“如今，绿色屋顶越来越受到人们的关注。”能够引起下文，介绍人们关注绿色屋顶的原因，因为它们来了巨大的环境效益。故选C。
17．根据上文“The first step is to install (安装) a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage. (第一步是在屋顶上安装保护层，以防止水损坏。)”可知，上文告诉我们绿色屋顶的第一步是在屋顶上安装保护层，以防止水损坏，G项“该层还可以阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中。”能够承接上文，介绍了安装保护层的另一个原因，可以阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中。故选G。
18．根据上文“Then, a growing medium, like soil or other similar materials, is spread over the drainage layer. (然后，将土壤或其他类似材料等生长介质铺在排水层上。)”可知，上文告诉我们要在排水层上铺生长介质，A项“这是植物生长的地方。”能够承接上文，土壤或其他类似材料等生长介质是植物生长的地方。故选A。
19．根据上文“Now it’s time to choose plants for the roof. Some plants have shallow root systems and don’t need much water. (现在是时候为屋顶选择植物了。有些植物根系较浅，不需要太多的水。)”可知，上文告诉我们为屋顶选择植物时，可以选择根系较浅，不需要太多的水的植物，D项“这些特性使其成为绿色屋顶的理想选择。”能够承接上文，说明根系较浅，不需要太多的水的植物是绿色屋顶的理想选择。故选D。
20．根据下文“t’s important to think about your budget. On average, it costs $25 to $30 per square foot to install a green roof. (考虑一下你的预算很重要。平均而言，安装绿色屋顶的成本为每平方英尺25至30美元。)”可知，安装绿色屋顶价格不菲，B项“然而，绿色屋顶的成本很高。”能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了绿色屋顶的高成本。故选B。
Passage 6
（2025·石家庄·高三质量检测（三））Being one of the most varied foods, eggs are a great addition to any diet. Not only are they easier to add to just about any meal, but they are also incredibly nutritious and support overall health. 36
You may experience better brain function. Eggs provide choline—a key substance that enhances communication between brain cells, ensuring messages are delivered efficiently like a well-organized delivery system. Thus, eating eggs regularly can strengthen your memory. 37 What’s more, the nutrients in eggs act like brain fuel, keeping you focused during classes or while doing homework.
You may have healthier eyes. Eating eggs helps protect your eyes with natural substances that act as natural sunglasses, blocking harmful light like screen blue light. Egg yolks contain more eye-guarding nutrients than carrots, reducing eye fatigue(疲劳)during study sessions. 38
You can have stronger muscles and bones. Eggs provide quality protein for muscle repair after exercise, while their vitamin D works with other nutrients like calcium and phosphorus to strengthen bones. 39 Regular consumption supports muscle growth during daily activities and keeps bones strong.
40 It may seem like other foods are much better at making you feel full, but eggs are actually an excellent selection. They are the ideal mix of protein and fat and can be extremely satisfying and filling. By consuming more eggs, you are able to significantly decrease short term food and snacks.
A．You can get more energy quickly.
B．You can feel satisfied for longer time.
C．Eggs are a good source when you’ re busy.
D．So regular egg consumption helps maintain clear vision.
E．They can help maintain bone structure and prevent weakness.
F．This makes it easier to remember school lessons or daily tasks.
G．When you eat eggs every day, this is what happens to your body.
【答案】36．G 37．F 38．D 39．E 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了每天吃鸡蛋对身体的影响，包括可能提升大脑功能、有助于眼睛健康、增强肌肉和骨骼以及带来更持久的饱腹感等方面。
36．空前“Being one of the most varied foods, eggs are a great addition to any diet. Not only are they easier to add to just about any meal, but they are also incredibly nutritious and support overall health.(鸡蛋作为最多样化的食物之一，是任何饮食的绝佳补充。它们不仅易于添加到几乎任何餐食中，而且营养极其丰富，有助于整体健康。)”总述鸡蛋的营养价值和对健康的益处，后文分段落具体说明鸡蛋对大脑、眼睛、肌肉骨骼和饱腹感的影响。选项G“When you eat eggs every day, this is what happens to your body.(当你每天吃鸡蛋时，你的身体会发生以下变化。)”承上启下，引出下文各器官的具体益处。故选G。
37．空前“Eggs provide choline—a key substance that enhances communication between brain cells, ensuring messages are delivered efficiently like a well-organized delivery system. Thus, eating eggs regularly can strengthen your memory.(你可能会体验到更好的大脑功能。鸡蛋提供胆碱——一种增强脑细胞之间沟通的关键物质，确保信息像组织良好的递送系统一样高效传递。因此，经常吃鸡蛋可以增强记忆力。)”指出鸡蛋中的胆碱增强脑细胞沟通，“like a well-organized delivery system”类比其高效性。选项F“This makes it easier to remember school lessons or daily tasks.(这使你更容易记住功课或日常任务。)”中的“this”指代前文胆碱的作用，具体举例说明记忆力提升的应用场景，衔接自然。故选F。
38．根据上文“You may have healthier eyes. Eating eggs helps protect your eyes with natural substances that act as natural sunglasses, blocking harmful light like screen blue light. Egg yolks contain more eye-guarding nutrients than carrots, reducing eye fatigue(疲劳)during study sessions.(你可能会拥有更健康的眼睛。吃鸡蛋有助于通过天然物质保护眼睛，这些物质就像天然的太阳镜，阻挡屏幕蓝光等有害光线。蛋黄含有的护眼营养物质比胡萝卜还多，能减少学习时的眼睛疲劳。)”可知，本段围绕眼睛健康展开，提到鸡蛋中的天然物质阻挡有害光线、蛋黄护眼营养多于胡萝卜、减少眼疲劳。选项D“So regular egg consumption helps maintain clear vision.(因此，经常吃鸡蛋有助于保持清晰的视力。)”总结本段内容，指出鸡蛋的护眼效果。故选D。
39．空前“Eggs provide quality protein for muscle repair after exercise, while their vitamin D works with other nutrients like calcium and phosphorus to strengthen bones. (鸡蛋为运动后的肌肉修复提供优质蛋白质，而其含有的维生素 D 与钙、磷等其他营养素共同作用，强化骨骼。)”指出鸡蛋的蛋白质支持肌肉修复，维生素 D 与钙、磷协作强化骨骼；而空后“Regular consumption supports muscle growth during daily activities and keeps bones strong. (定期食用鸡蛋有助于在日常活动中支持肌肉生长，并保持骨骼强壮。)”强调了鸡蛋支持肌肉生长和保持骨骼强壮。选项E“They can help maintain bone structure and prevent weakness.(它们有助于维持骨骼结构并预防骨骼脆弱。)”具体说明了维生素 D 与其他营养素的协同作用，承接上文骨骼健康的论述。故选E。
40．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“It may seem like other foods are much better at making you feel full, but eggs are actually an excellent selection. They are the ideal mix of protein and fat and can be extremely satisfying and filling. By consuming more eggs, you are able to significantly decrease short term food and snacks.(虽然其他食物似乎更能让你有饱腹感，但鸡蛋实际上是绝佳选择。它们是蛋白质和脂肪的理想组合，能带来极强的满足感和饱腹感。通过多吃鸡蛋，你能显著减少短期进食和吃零食的欲望。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是鸡蛋可以让人产生饱腹感，从而减少短期进食和吃零食的欲望。选项B“You can feel satisfied for longer time.(你可以更长时间地感到满足。)”总结了本段内容，与本段主旨相符。故选B。
Passage 7
（2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学·高三模拟试卷）The Rise of Lab-Grown Meat
For decades, scientists have been seeking sustainable solutions to global food shortages. monly known as cultured meat, this innovation grows animal muscle tissue from stem cells in controlled laboratory environments. Its emergence could revolutionize our traditional understanding of meat production.
Animal-Free Meat Creation via Science
The manufacturing process begins with collecting animal cells through harmless biopsies. (活组织检查) 37 . They are then placed in nutrient-rich bioreactors where they multiply and develop into muscle fibers. Surprisingly, the final product maintains the same protein content and texture as conventional meat through precise temperature control and mechanical stretching.
Environmental Impacts
Compared to traditional livestock (牲畜) farming, lab-grown meat shows remarkable ecological advantages. 38 . A 2024 UN report revealed that cultured meat production requires 95% less land and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 87%. Moreover, it completely removes the need for antibiotics (抗生素) used in raising animals, addressing growing concerns about drug-resistant bacteria.
39．
Despite its promise, the industry faces significant challenges. Current production costs remain way too high, with a single burger patty costing approximately $50 to produce. Consumer acceptance also presents obstacles (阻碍), as 42% of participants in a global survey expressed distrust in “test-tube meat”. Additionally, regulatory frameworks for safety standards and labeling requirements are still under development worldwide.
Future Outlook
Major food corporations have invested over $3 billion in cultured meat research since 2022. 40 . With Singapore already approving commercial sales and the EU planning to legalize it by 2026, industry analysts predict cultured meat could capture 10% of the global meat market by 2035. As technology advances, this scientific breakthrough may fundamentally transform our dining tables and ecosystems alike.
A．Rising Production Costs
B．Challenges to Mass Production
C．It consumes 85% less water than regular farms
D．The most promising answer lies in lab-grown meat
E．These cells are carefully selected for their growth potential
F．Governments should promote this eco-friendly alternative
G．The huge increase in funding reflects growing confidence in it
【答案】36．D 37．E 38．C 39．B 40．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实验室培育肉的相关信息，包括其出现背景、制造过程、环境影响、面临的挑战以及未来展望。
36．上文“For decades, scientists have been seeking sustainable solutions to global food shortages.（几十年来，科学家们一直在寻找解决全球粮食短缺问题的可持续方案。）”说明科学家们一直在寻找解决全球粮食短缺问题的办法，D项（最有希望的答案在于实验室培育肉）承接上文，引出了具体的解决办法，指出最有希望的解决办法是实验室培育肉，符合语境。故选D。
37．上文“The manufacturing process begins with collecting animal cells through harmless biopsies.（制造过程始于通过无害的活组织检查收集动物细胞。）”说明实验室培育肉的制造过程始于收集动物细胞，E项（这些细胞是根据它们的生长潜力精心挑选的）承接上文，进一步说明这些细胞的情况，即这些细胞是根据生长潜力精心挑选的，符合语境。故选E。
38．上文“Compared to traditional livestock (牲畜) farming, lab-grown meat shows remarkable ecological advantages.(与传统畜牧业相比，实验室培育肉显示出显著的生态优势。)”说明实验室培育肉比传统畜牧业有生态优势，C项（它的耗水量比普通农场少85%）承接上文，具体说明了其生态优势，即耗水量少，符合语境。故选C。
39．空处为段落小标题，根据下文“Despite its promise, the industry faces significant challenges. Current production costs remain way too high, with a single burger patty costing approximately $50 to produce. Consumer acceptance also presents obstacles (阻碍), as 42% of participants in a global survey expressed distrust in “test-tube meat”. Additionally, regulatory frameworks for safety standards and labeling requirements are still under development worldwide.(尽管前景光明，但该行业仍面临重大挑战。目前的生产成本仍然太高，一个汉堡肉饼的生产成本约为50美元。消费者接受度也存在障碍，因为在一项全球调查中，42%的参与者表示不信任“试管肉”。此外，全球范围内仍在制定安全标准和标签要求的监管框架。)”可知，本段主要介绍了实验室培育肉在实现大规模生产方面面临的挑战。B项（大规模生产的挑战）概括了本段内容，适合作为段落小标题。故选B。
40．上文“Major food corporations have invested over $3 billion in cultured meat research since 2022.(自2022年以来，主要食品公司已在实验室培育肉研究上投资超过30亿美元。)”说明主要食品公司在实验室培育肉研究上投入了大量资金，G项（资金的巨大增长反映了人们对它的信心日益增强）承接上文，说明了这一投入的意义，即资金的巨大增长反映了人们对实验室培育肉的信心日益增强，符合语境。故选G。
Passage 8
（2025·重庆·高三5月质量检测）How Houseplants Boost Your Mental Health
Growing indoor plants is becoming a global wellness trend. A 2025 WHO report shows 68% of the potted plants kept at home are not just for decoration. 36 Studies reveal touching rosemary leaves reduces cortisol (皮质醇) by 19%, while watering orchids activates the same brain regions as meditation.
The magic lies in three aspects. 37 Caring for leaves or observing vines creates natural “micro-breaks” from digital screens. This explains why office workers with desk plants report 30% less eye strain.
38 Harvard neuroscientists found that successfully growing plants triggers dopamine (多巴胺) release comparable to completing a crossword puzzle. “Each new leaf gives tangible proof of nurturing skills,” explains Dr. Emma Lin.
Surprisingly, plants enhance social bonds. 39 Apartment dwellers who exchange plant cuttings have 45% more neighborhood munity gardens also become spaces for intergenerational storytelling, where elders teach herbal knowledge to children.
Starting with low-maintenance plants ensures early successes, which fuels motivation. Even an ordinary plant pot next to your window can be your stress-reliever. Early wins with easy-care plants build confidence. 40
A．Plants offer a natural escape from digital overload.
B．For beginners, choose plants matching your lifestyle.
C．Seeing your first new leaf is like making a small breakthrough.
D．For instance, 73% of plant owners share gardening tips online.
E．Urban planners are designing vertical gardens in subway stations.
F．They’re actually a curing device to improve emotional well-being.
G．Nurturing plants helps to bring about a sense of achievement.
【答案】36．F 37．A 38．G 39．D 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述室内植物热潮兴起，世界卫生组织报告显示其不仅用于装饰，还能从缓解数字过载、带来成就感、增强社交等方面改善心理健康。
36．由上文“A 2025 WHO report shows 68% of the potted plants kept at home are not just for decoration. (2025年世界卫生组织的一份报告显示，68%的家庭盆栽植物不仅仅是为了装饰)”可知，空处需说明盆栽的另一作用，F项They’re actually a curing device to improve emotional well-being. (它们实际上是改善情绪健康的治愈工具)，“curing device”“emotional well-being”呼应后文“减压、激活大脑区域”的研究结果，形成“数据→结论”的逻辑衔接。故选F项。
37．由下文“Caring for leaves or observing vines creates natural ‘micro-breaks’ from digital screens. (照料树叶或观察藤蔓为数字屏幕带来自然的‘微休息’)”可知，此处需总述植物对“数字过载”的缓解作用，A项Plants offer a natural escape from digital overload. (植物提供了一种摆脱数字过载的自然方式)中的“digital overload”对应“digital screens”，“natural escape”概括“micro-breaks”的本质，统领该段“缓解眼疲劳”的例证。故选A项。
38．由下文“Harvard neuroscientists found that successfully growing plants triggers dopamine (多巴胺) release comparable to completing a crossword puzzle. (哈佛神经科学家发现，成功种植植物会触发多巴胺释放，相当于完成一个填字游戏)”可知，此处需点明“种植植物带来成就感”，G项Nurturing plants helps to bring about a sense of achievement. (培育植物有助于带来成就感)中的“sense of achievement”对应“dopamine release”（多巴胺与成就感相关），“nurturing plants”复现后文“successfully growing plants”，形成“观点→研究证据”的结构。故选G项。
39．由上文“Surprisingly, plants enhance social bonds (植物增强社会联系)”可知，此处需举例说明社交互动场景，D项For instance, 73% of plant owners share gardening tips online. (例如，73% 的植物主人在网上分享园艺技巧)通过“For instance”引出具体数据，“share gardening tips online”体现“社交纽带”，与后文“交换植物插条、社区花园”共同构成多维度例证。故选D项。
40．由上文“Starting with low-maintenance plants ensures early successes, which fuels motivation. (从低维护植物开始确保早期成功，这会激发动力)”可知，此处需强调“早期成功”的具体体现，C项Seeing your first new leaf is like making a small breakthrough. (看到你的第一片新叶就像取得一个小突破)中的“first new leaf”具象化“early successes”，“small breakthrough”呼应“build confidence”，以类比手法强化“低维护植物带来积极反馈”的逻辑。故选C项。
Passage 9
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Even as a child, I was always goal-directed. Every January 1st, I would dutifully sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year: lose 50 pounds, run a marathon, have a picture-perfect home! Oh, and be the best parent ever who never yelled at my children! 16 By every March, I fall trapped in a cycle of ambition and guilt.
Everything changed when I faced consistent battles with breast and appendix cancer. That’s right: two different cancers, with two different treatment plans, at the same time, in the same body. 17 And I won’t lie -the next year was incredibly difficult.
Experiencing dual treatments taught me profound lessons. 18 Simply waking up cancer-free became my definition of triumph. Where I once measured success by completed checklists, I now found victory in my children’s laughter or sunlight filtering through hospital blinds.
I abandoned traditional resolutions by realizing that big goals invite big failures. Instead, I adopted a “mini-mission” approach. 19 For example, rather than aiming for daily gym marathons, I committed to 20-minute walks three times weekly.
The magic lies in accumulated progress. After mastering basic nutrition goals (five vegetable servings daily), I added hydration targets (replacing soda with herbal tea). This gradual method even helped me conquer the fearful rowing machine -a feat (壮举) I’d previously considered impossible.
20 My only “resolution” last year was avoiding medical deductibles (免赔额) through sustained small health habits. To my delight, it worked not through extreme measures, but through the snowball effect of mini-achievements.
A．It was a lot to deal with.
B．Immediate results often mask long-term costs
C．Survival reshaped my understanding of success.
D．External pressures weaken self-improvement efforts.
E．Tiny achievable steps replaced monumental demands.
F．Piled accomplishments build sustainable transformation
G．In practical terms, my grand plans frequently backfire psychologically.
【答案】16．G 17．A 18．C 19．E 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从制定宏大目标到因患病改变观念，转而采用“小任务”方法，通过积累小成就实现可持续转变并取得成功的经历。
16．上文“Even as a child, I was always goal-directed. Every January 1st, I would dutifully sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year: lose 50 pounds, run a marathon, have a picture-perfect home! Oh, and be the best parent ever who never yelled at my children! (甚至在还是个孩子的时候，我总是目标导向的。每年的1月1日，我都会认真地坐下来，写下我新的一年的决心：减掉50磅，跑一场马拉松，拥有一个完美的家！哦，还要成为从不对孩子大喊大叫的最好的父母！)”以及下文“By every March, I fall trapped in a cycle of ambition and guilt. (到了每年的3月，我就会陷入野心和内疚的循环中。)”描述了作者每年年初制定宏大目标，但往往到3月就陷入困境的情况。空处承上启下，说明目标宏大，但是往往会失败。所以G项“实际上，我的宏大计划经常在心理上适得其反。”符合语境。“grand plans”对应上文的resolutions，“backfire”对应下文“fall trapped in a cycle”，体现计划与结果的反差。故选G。
17．上文“Everything changed when I faced consistent battles with breast and appendix cancer. That’s right: two different cancers, with two different treatment plans, at the same time, in the same body .(当我面临乳腺癌和阑尾癌的持续斗争时，一切都变了。没错：两种不同的癌症，两种不同的治疗方案，同时发生在同一个身体上。)”描述了作者同时面临两种癌症的严峻情况。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明这种情况处理起来非常困难。所以A项“这有很多要处理。”符合语境。It指代上文“同时患两种癌症”的情况，“a lot to deal with”直接衔接 “两种治疗方案”的复杂性，且与下文“incredibly difficult”形成因果关系。故选A。
18．上文“Experiencing dual treatments taught me profound lessons. (经历双重治疗给了我深刻的教训。)”以及下文“Simply waking up cancer-free became my definition of triumph. (仅仅是醒来发现自己未受癌症困扰，便成了我对“胜利”的定义。)”说明了经历双重治疗给了作者深刻的教训。空处承上启下，说明这些教训如何改变了作者对成功的理解。所以C项“生存重塑了我对成功的理解。”符合语境。“reshaped understanding”对应下文 “从清单成功观转向存活即胜利”的转变，“survival”与“waking up cancer-free”形成语义呼应，是对段落核心观点的概括。故选C。
19．上文“I abandoned traditional resolutions by realizing that big goals invite big failures. Instead, I adopted a “mini-mission” approach. (我放弃了传统的决心，因为我意识到大目标往往会导致大失败。相反，我采用了“小任务”的方法。)”提到作者放弃了传统的宏大目标，转而采用“小任务”的方法。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明这种“小任务”方法是如何具体实施的。所以E项“微小可实现的步骤取代了宏大的要求。”符合语境。“Tiny achievable steps”对应上文的“mini-mission”，“replaced monumental demands”对应“abandoned traditional resolutions”，且与下文例子中的“20-minute walks”形成具体例证关系。故选E。
20．上文“This gradual method even helped me conquer the fearful rowing machine-a feat (壮举) I’d previously considered impossible. (这种渐进的方法甚至帮助我征服了可怕的划船机——这是我以前认为不可能完成的壮举。)”以及下文“My only “resolution” last year was avoiding medical deductibles (免赔额) through sustained small health habits. (去年我唯一的“新年计划”，就是通过持续的小健康习惯来避免产生医保免赔额。)”描述了作者通过积累小进步取得大成就的过程。空处为本段的主旨句，本段主要介绍从小习惯到长期成功的过程。所以F项“累积的成就促成可持续的改变”符合语境，是对段落主题“积累效应”的总结。故选F。
Passage 10
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Even as a child, I was always goal-directed. Every January 1st, I would dutifully sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year: lose 50 pounds, run a marathon, have a picture-perfect home! Oh, and be the best parent ever who never yelled at my children! 16 By every March, I fall trapped in a cycle of ambition and guilt.
Everything changed when I faced consistent battles with breast and appendix cancer. That’s right: two different cancers, with two different treatment plans, at the same time, in the same body. 17 And I won’t lie -the next year was incredibly difficult.
Experiencing dual treatments taught me profound lessons. 18 Simply waking up cancer-free became my definition of triumph. Where I once measured success by completed checklists, I now found victory in my children’s laughter or sunlight filtering through hospital blinds.
I abandoned traditional resolutions by realizing that big goals invite big failures. Instead, I adopted a “mini-mission” approach. 19 For example, rather than aimi专题08 阅读理解七选五
Passage 1
（2025年全国一卷）An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____36_____
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____37_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____38_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____39____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____40_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
Passage 2
（2025年全国二卷）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults ___16___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
___18___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● ___19___
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___20___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
Passage 3
（2025年北京卷）What is adulthood Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle.
As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. ____35____
But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. ____36____ If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world.
Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. ____37____ You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this.
So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ____38____ We are a social species, so this is important.
While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. ____39____
A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work.
C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you.
E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music.
G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.
Passage 4
（2025年1月浙江卷）One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. ____36____ There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. ____37____ This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. ____38____ However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
____39____
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. ____40____
Building effective communication skills takes time but the effects are worth the effort.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
Passage 1
（2025·广东深圳·5月高考适应性考试）In literature, flat and round characters offer distinct approaches to character development. Flat characters are defined by a singular symbolic characteristic. 16 For example, the evil stepmothers in traditional fairy tales are flat characters, serving to drive the story with their simplicity.
By contrast, Jia Baoyu in Dream of the Red Chamber exemplifies (举例说明) round characters, defined by inner conflicts, contradictions, and personal growth. 17 They reflect the unpredictability of humanity, making them more relatable and dynamic to readers.
In earlier literary works, flat characters often symbolized heroic ideals, such as the brave heroes in The Odyssey. As society moves away from idealized heroes, literature focuses more on characters’ personal struggles, reflecting how writers began to see humanity in a more complex way. With the rise of realism in the 19th century, round characters gained popularity, as seen in Jane Eyre, which allowed for the exploration of personal identity and internal conflict. 18
However, not every character that appears in a story needs to be deep. 19 Imagine the main character is taking a taxi to a hotel. If we make the taxi driver a round character, the focus could shift from the main character to the taxi driver, potentially taking attention away from the main plot.
20 They together create tension and richness in a literary work. Flat characters provide clarity and focus, simplifying themes and making them accessible to readers. Meanwhile, round characters reveal human complexity, showing life beyond black and white.
A．Neither type of characters is better than the other.
B．Such characters stand out for complexity and depth.
C．We don’t get heartfelt backstory to enrich their roles.
D．If flat characters are round, they may “steal the show”.
E．This shows how literature reflects evolving social views.
F．Round characters are more engaging than flat characters.
G．They are more like a spotlight, drawing attention to one aspect.
Passage 2
（2025·湖北省武汉市第二中学·二次模拟）We tend to think that our success is limited because of lack of money, time, and energy, but this is not necessarily true. Lack of self-worth is often the biggest roadblock on our path to living a fulfilling life. Not all of us recognize our individual worth and the contributions we make to the world. 16
It might seem natural to measure your value by your income, physical appearance, job title, or social media popularity. 17 Because these aspects of your life can change at any moment, it’s more useful to consider inner values such as compassion, generosity, leadership, respect, and kindness. 18 We all have a self-talk that points out our shortcomings and failures. Whenever you begin criticizing yourself, stop and pause for a minute. Consider the virtue of what this voice is telling you. Is what you hear an objective fact Is it useful and kind If the answer is no, then this criticism is not worth paying attention to.
You alone are responsible for your self-worth. Regardless of other people’s words, thoughts, and opinions about you, you can still choose how you view yourself. 19 Don’t wait for people to confirm your value. Instead, do it with your internal dialogue and your actions.
We all mess up sometimes — it’s part of being human. 20 It’s easy to extend kindness and forgiveness to others, but you have to do yourself the same favor. There’s no point in worrying about your mistakes or upsetting over the not-so-good decisions from the past. Self-compassion is about believing that you are worthy of love regardless of what you do or fail to do.
A．Don’t let your inner critic rule your thoughts.
B．What matters is what you think about yourself.
C．All these do not determine your value and self-worth.
D．But when you do, you must forgive yourself and let it go.
E．Treat yourself with the love and care that others give you.
F．However, you can build self-worth by practicing self-care.
G．Pay attention to the perceptions about where you should be.
Passage 3
（2025·山东省实验中学·二次模拟）Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22 to remind people worldwide to protect our planet. It was initially celebrated in 1970 when millions of Americans came together to protest pollution and environmental damage. This first Earth Day led to new environmental laws and inspired people in over 190 countries to take action. 36
The theme for Earth Day 2025 is “OUR POWER, OUR PLANET”. This year’s focus is on renewable energy, with a goal to triple clean electricity worldwide by 2030. 37 For example, schools, businesses and governments are encouraged to work together to decrease carbon emissions, reduce pollution, and generate green power.
Earth Day teaches us that small actions matter. For example, planting trees with EARTHDAY. ORG’s Canopy Project helps fight climate change. 38 Do you know micro-plastics are now found in food like seafood and tea Earth Day encourages solutions like reusable bags or non-poisonous pest control to keep families and pets safe.
39 Schools can organize environmental protection-themed classes, where students discuss ways to reduce their environmental footprints in daily life. Educational institutions can organize various activities to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and inspire them to make better choices, like using solar energy or supporting sustainable businesses.
Earth Day’s message is clear: Our planet’s health depends on us and it requires our continuous efforts. We can start with small actions in our daily life, such as reducing waste,using public transportation, and participating in tree-planting activities. 40
A．Education is key to saving the planet.
B．Your actions today shape tomorrow’s Earth!
C．It calls for joint efforts to achieve the target.
D．It encourages everyone to play a role in protecting our planet.
E．Today, it has become the world’s largest environmental movement.
F．Only by making these small changes can we contribute to a sustainable future.
G．Avoiding plastic, recycling clothes, or using eco-friendly products also counts.
Passage 4
（2025·湖南长沙第一中学·一模）How to Become a More Effective Listener
Being a good listener can enrich your understanding, expand your capacity for empathy, and improve your communication skills. 16 Here are some practical strategies to improve your listening skills.
Maintain appropriate eye contact.
When someone is talking to you, make and hold eye contact so they know you’ re taking in what they’ re saying. 17 Studies show the ideal amount of eye contact is about 3 seconds at a time; longer periods of direct eye contact may make the other person uncomfortable.
Minimize distractions.
Active listening requires full focus. If you’ re watching TV or scrolling TikTok while someone is speaking, they’ll likely get the impression that you’ re not really paying attention — and you’ll miss key details. 18 This demonstrates respect and engagement. 19
You might be a great listener, but your conversation partner may not realize it if you don’t show them. Nodding now and again and offering an “mmhmm” or “I see” can help them know that you care. And the occasional verbal acknowledgement that you’ re listening and comprehending can encourage the other person to keep talking.
Ask insightful questions.
Meaningful questions deepen conversations and show genuine interest. 20 This encourages the speaker to reflect and elaborate, making the discussion more productive. That’s why we should aim to use questions as a means by which the speaker can begin to reach their own conclusions about the issues being raised, without sounding judgmental or forceful.
A．Read their body language.
B．Provide proper feedback.
C．Put aside any distractions and maintain focus.
D．However, avoid staring at them the whole time.
E．However, mastering this skill requires conscious effort.
F．For example, inquire about their perspective or feelings.
G．A good listener should always offer immediate advice.
Passage 5
（2025·广东省深圳·高三下学期第一次调研）Green roofs have been around for thousands of years, long before modern housing was developed. From the simple grass-covered roofs above caves to the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, they remained an important part of architecture. 16 They bring enormous environmental benefits and offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges of our time.
In the design of a green roof, there are key factors that count. The first step is to install (安装) a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage. 17 It’s essential to choose high-quality materials, as once the green roof is completed and the building is in use, replacing the protective layer becomes difficult and expensive.
Next, a drainage (排水) layer, which is often made of pebbles or a special mat, is placed on top. It helps water flow off the roof instead of pooling on it. Then, a growing medium, like soil or other similar materials, is spread over the drainage layer. 18
Now it’s time to choose plants for the roof. Some plants have shallow root systems and don’t need much water. 19 Sedum and chives are good examples of such plants. They are not only water-efficient but tough and long-lasting.
20 It’s important to think about your budget. On average, it costs $25 to $30 per square foot to install a green roof. This doesn’t include the cost of installing or repairing the normal roof underneath. And there is labour cost to cover. If a traditional roof costs $30 per square foot, installing a green roof could easily double that expense.
A．This is where the plants will grow.
B．However, green roofs come at a high cost.
C．Today, green roofs are gaining more attention.
D．These features make them ideal for green roofs.
E．As a result, they led to the popularity of green roofs.
F．Green roof materials can range from grass to solar panels.
G．The layer also stops plant roots growing into the roof structure.
Passage 6
（2025·石家庄·高三质量检测（三））Being one of the most varied foods, eggs are a great addition to any diet. Not only are they easier to add to just about any meal, but they are also incredibly nutritious and support overall health. 36
You may experience better brain function. Eggs provide choline—a key substance that enhances communication between brain cells, ensuring messages are delivered efficiently like a well-organized delivery system. Thus, eating eggs regularly can strengthen your memory. 37 What’s more, the nutrients in eggs act like brain fuel, keeping you focused during classes or while doing homework.
You may have healthier eyes. Eating eggs helps protect your eyes with natural substances that act as natural sunglasses, blocking harmful light like screen blue light. Egg yolks contain more eye-guarding nutrients than carrots, reducing eye fatigue(疲劳)during study sessions. 38
You can have stronger muscles and bones. Eggs provide quality protein for muscle repair after exercise, while their vitamin D works with other nutrients like calcium and phosphorus to strengthen bones. 39 Regular consumption supports muscle growth during daily activities and keeps bones strong.
40 It may seem like other foods are much better at making you feel full, but eggs are actually an excellent selection. They are the ideal mix of protein and fat and can be extremely satisfying and filling. By consuming more eggs, you are able to significantly decrease short term food and snacks.
A．You can get more energy quickly.
B．You can feel satisfied for longer time.
C．Eggs are a good source when you’ re busy.
D．So regular egg consumption helps maintain clear vision.
E．They can help maintain bone structure and prevent weakness.
F．This makes it easier to remember school lessons or daily tasks.
G．When you eat eggs every day, this is what happens to your body.
Passage 7
（2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学·高三模拟试卷）The Rise of Lab-Grown Meat
For decades, scientists have been seeking sustainable solutions to global food shortages. monly known as cultured meat, this innovation grows animal muscle tissue from stem cells in controlled laboratory environments. Its emergence could revolutionize our traditional understanding of meat production.
Animal-Free Meat Creation via Science
The manufacturing process begins with collecting animal cells through harmless biopsies. (活组织检查) 37 . They are then placed in nutrient-rich bioreactors where they multiply and develop into muscle fibers. Surprisingly, the final product maintains the same protein content and texture as conventional meat through precise temperature control and mechanical stretching.
Environmental Impacts
Compared to traditional livestock (牲畜) farming, lab-grown meat shows remarkable ecological advantages. 38 . A 2024 UN report revealed that cultured meat production requires 95% less land and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 87%. Moreover, it completely removes the need for antibiotics (抗生素) used in raising animals, addressing growing concerns about drug-resistant bacteria.
39．
Despite its promise, the industry faces significant challenges. Current production costs remain way too high, with a single burger patty costing approximately $50 to produce. Consumer acceptance also presents obstacles (阻碍), as 42% of participants in a global survey expressed distrust in “test-tube meat”. Additionally, regulatory frameworks for safety standards and labeling requirements are still under development worldwide.
Future Outlook
Major food corporations have invested over $3 billion in cultured meat research since 2022. 40 . With Singapore already approving commercial sales and the EU planning to legalize it by 2026, industry analysts predict cultured meat could capture 10% of the global meat market by 2035. As technology advances, this scientific breakthrough may fundamentally transform our dining tables and ecosystems alike.
A．Rising Production Costs
B．Challenges to Mass Production
C．It consumes 85% less water than regular farms
D．The most promising answer lies in lab-grown meat
E．These cells are carefully selected for their growth potential
F．Governments should promote this eco-friendly alternative
G．The huge increase in funding reflects growing confidence in it
Passage 8
（2025·重庆·高三5月质量检测）How Houseplants Boost Your Mental Health
Growing indoor plants is becoming a global wellness trend. A 2025 WHO report shows 68% of the potted plants kept at home are not just for decoration. 36 Studies reveal touching rosemary leaves reduces cortisol (皮质醇) by 19%, while watering orchids activates the same brain regions as meditation.
The magic lies in three aspects. 37 Caring for leaves or observing vines creates natural “micro-breaks” from digital screens. This explains why office workers with desk plants report 30% less eye strain.
38 Harvard neuroscientists found that successfully growing plants triggers dopamine (多巴胺) release comparable to completing a crossword puzzle. “Each new leaf gives tangible proof of nurturing skills,” explains Dr. Emma Lin.
Surprisingly, plants enhance social bonds. 39 Apartment dwellers who exchange plant cuttings have 45% more neighborhood munity gardens also become spaces for intergenerational storytelling, where elders teach herbal knowledge to children.
Starting with low-maintenance plants ensures early successes, which fuels motivation. Even an ordinary plant pot next to your window can be your stress-reliever. Early wins with easy-care plants build confidence. 40
A．Plants offer a natural escape from digital overload.
B．For beginners, choose plants matching your lifestyle.
C．Seeing your first new leaf is like making a small breakthrough.
D．For instance, 73% of plant owners share gardening tips online.
E．Urban planners are designing vertical gardens in subway stations.
F．They’re actually a curing device to improve emotional well-being.
G．Nurturing plants helps to bring about a sense of achievement.
Passage 9
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Even as a child, I was always goal-directed. Every January 1st, I would dutifully sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year: lose 50 pounds, run a marathon, have a picture-perfect home! Oh, and be the best parent ever who never yelled at my children! 16 By every March, I fall trapped in a cycle of ambition and guilt.
Everything changed when I faced consistent battles with breast and appendix cancer. That’s right: two different cancers, with two different treatment plans, at the same time, in the same body. 17 And I won’t lie -the next year was incredibly difficult.
Experiencing dual treatments taught me profound lessons. 18 Simply waking up cancer-free became my definition of triumph. Where I once measured success by completed checklists, I now found victory in my children’s laughter or sunlight filtering through hospital blinds.
I abandoned traditional resolutions by realizing that big goals invite big failures. Instead, I adopted a “mini-mission” approach. 19 For example, rather than aiming for daily gym marathons, I committed to 20-minute walks three times weekly.
The magic lies in accumulated progress. After mastering basic nutrition goals (five vegetable servings daily), I added hydration targets (replacing soda with herbal tea). This gradual method even helped me conquer the fearful rowing machine -a feat (壮举) I’d previously considered impossible.
20 My only “resolution” last year was avoiding medical deductibles (免赔额) through sustained small health habits. To my delight, it worked not through extreme measures, but through the snowball effect of mini-achievements.
A．It was a lot to deal with.
B．Immediate results often mask long-term costs
C．Survival reshaped my understanding of success.
D．External pressures weaken self-improvement efforts.
E．Tiny achievable steps replaced monumental demands.
F．Piled accomplishments build sustainable transformation
G．In practical terms, my grand plans frequently backfire psychologically.
Passage 10
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Even as a child, I was always goal-directed. Every January 1st, I would dutifully sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year: lose 50 pounds, run a marathon, have a picture-perfect home! Oh, and be the best parent ever who never yelled at my children! 16 By every March, I fall trapped in a cycle of ambition and guilt.
Everything changed when I faced consistent battles with breast and appendix cancer. That’s right: two different cancers, with two different treatment plans, at the same time, in the same body. 17 And I won’t lie -the next year was incredibly difficult.
Experiencing dual treatments taught me profound lessons. 18 Simply waking up cancer-free became my definition of triumph. Where I once measured success by completed checklists, I now found victory in my children’s laughter or sunlight filtering through hospital blinds.
I abandoned traditional resolutions by realizing that big goals invite big failures. Instead, I adopted a “mini-mission” approach. 19 For example, rather than aiming for daily gym marathons, I committed to 20-minute walks three times weekly.
The magic lies in accumulated progress. After mastering basic nutrition goals (five vegetable servings daily), I added hydration targets (replacing soda with herbal tea). This gradual method even helped me conquer the fearful rowing machine -a feat (壮举) I’d previously considered impossible.
20 My only “resolution” last year was avoiding medical deductibles (免赔额) through sustained small health habits. To my delight, it worked not through extreme measures, but through the snowball effect of mini-achievements.
A．It was a lot to deal with.
B．Immediate results often mask long-term costs
C．Survival reshaped my understanding of success.
D．External pressures weaken self-improvement efforts.
E．Tiny achievable steps replaced monumental demands.
F．Piled accomplishments build sustainable transformation
G．In practical terms, my grand plans frequently backfire psychologically.
Passage 11
（2025·东北三省四市·教研联合体模拟预测）How Hobbies Help Us
As reported in some science magazines, the positive health outcomes of hobbies are available to everyone. 16 . We should know that they are not only making you happier, they’re also making you healthier.Benefits for Your Body
17 . Nothing could be further from the truth. The benefits you obtain will depend on your hobby. Taking jogging for instance, it will benefit your cardiovascular (心脑血管) health more than crossword puzzles, while those may only improve your cognitive (认知的) health. 18 .
A report found that for people who were suffering from a chronic (慢性的) illness, doing a hobby helped them manage their symptoms and even slowed the progression of their illness.Benefits for Your Brain
In addition to providing protection against dementia (痴呆), hobbies improve our neuroplasticity (神经可塑性): the ability of the brain’s neural networks to change, adapt and make new connections. Hobbies take advantage of this flexibility and help your brain create new connections, which can help you in areas beyond just that particular skill. 19 .
One of the coolest things is that regularly doing things you find enjoyable causes biochemical changes in the brain.Benefits for Your Spirit
In many ways, hobbies make us happier. People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies showed an average boost of 8% in wellbeing and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety. 20 .
Now it’s your tum: Whether you decide to pick up an old hobby or start up a whole new one, go find the thing that lights you up and do more of it.
A．These brain states are characterized by feelings of deep relaxation
B．Your hobbies range from hiking to dancing, watercolor painting to playing piano
C．Folks with at least one hobby are found to have higher levels of life satisfaction
D．The point is that nearly all hobbies can provide measurable positive health benefits
E．This may be the reason why people who play a musical instrument often do better in math
F．Making the time to do something enjoyable on a regular basis will have a great impact on your life
G．A well-spread myth is that engaging in hobbies is self-indulgent (自我放纵的) or even a waste of time
Passage 12
（2025·山东肥城·高考适应性测试）Early risers are praised as hard workers. When we’re so busy during the 9 to 5, getting up early and getting a head start on the day seems like a great idea: we’ll have time to get a coffee, exercise, and with no-one else around, it’s easier to get work done. 36 After all, in order to get proper sleep, you need to go to bed early as well.
37 One study by Japanese researchers found early rising children are healthier and more active than those who get up late. Another study found exposure to bright light early in the morning was several times more effective than antidepressants (抗抑郁药), which you can do with a sunrise alarm clock. Other evidence suggest you get more work done, you exercise more, and you become happier, healthier and wealthier as a result.
Fitness YouTuber Browney decided to put these claims to the test. Can you really develop a better morning routine and become more productive just by adjusting your body clock He began each day with a good workout. 38 More importantly, it provides energy and boosts motivation, leading to increased overall productivity. Browney also found an extra few hours of uninterrupted work early in the mornings, with no need to check his phone or stop to talk to anyone. 39
The early morning hours are so peaceful and quiet. When you start waking up early, you’ll enjoy this period to yourself. 40 It’s beneficial being an early riser on normal days, but the occasional lie-in or late night certainly won’t hurt.
A．Is there anyone to disturb your early morning
B．After all, who are you going to talk to at 6 am
C．There is some science to recommend the practice.
D．However, getting up at 5 in the morning is easier said than done.
E．Early risers often have a greater sense of control over their lives.
F．It’s a good time to think, to journal, to read before the world happens.
G．Getting the body moving helps shake off the sleepiness and burn fat.
Passage 13
（2025·福建福州·名校高三下学期5月适应性联考）How do you feel about exams 36 On the contrary, is it an experience you enjoy because it’s your time to shine Every year, many young people sit exams and whether they love or hate them, most of them will face some anxiety before the big day.
If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry. You’re not alone. 37 When the pressure is on to pass that all-important test, take a deep breath and absorb some good advice from people who’ve been through the same experience as you.
38 Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs. Some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades.
One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day. 39 If you get good sleep your memory is better and that means you can retain the information you have revised.
According to Lisa Artis from the Sleep Council, sitting on your bed when you’re cramming is not a good idea because then you associate that place with stress. Revising for exams can also sometimes seem cruel, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block. There comes a point when your brain can’t absorb any more information. 40
A．However, your brain is free of tiredness.
B．Is it the one thing you are frightened of
C．Thus, you’ll also need to know when to stop.
D．Is it the only thing that you are really keen on
E．Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you energetic.
F．It might seem like a stressful time for everyone in the same situation.
G．And that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams.
Passage 14
（2025·北京朝阳·高三下4月六校联考）Have you ever wondered why some jokes make you burst into uncontrollable laughter while others barely elicit (引出) a smile The answer lies in the intricate dance between cognitive and emotional processes that occurs when we encounter humor.
Let’s start with the cognitive side of things. 35 We’re not just passively receiving information; we’re actively processing it, making connections, and trying to make sense of what we’re experiencing.
36 The emotional side of humor is equally important and often intertwined with our cognitive processes. When we find something funny, we experience a range of positive emotions—joy, amusement, surprise, and sometimes even a touch of mischievous delight. These emotional responses are what make humor such a powerful force in our lives.
Interestingly, the relationship between cognition and emotion in humor isn’t always straightforward. Sometimes, we might understand a joke on a cognitive level but not find it particularly amusing. Other times, we might laugh at something without fully understanding why it’s funny. 37
Our cognitive and emotional responses to humor aren’t static. 38 A joke that had you rolling on the floor as a teenager might elicit nothing more than a groan in your adult years. Conversely, you might find yourself chuckling (轻声笑) at a subtle bit of wordplay that would have gone right over your head in your younger days.
The cognitive and emotional processes involved in humor might seem trivial. 39 But when we consider how pervasive humor is in our daily lives, it becomes clear that understanding these processes can have far-reaching implications for our well-being and social interactions.
A．After all, it’s just a laugh, right
B．But cognition is only half the story.
C．They can change over time as we grow, learn, and experience new things.
D．Our brains start to look for patterns and make predictions when we hear a joke.
E．Individual differences play a significant role in humor perception and appreciation.
F．This complexity is part of what makes humor such a rich area of study for psychologists.
G．When we hear a joke or see something funny, our brains shift into high-speed working mode.
Passage 15
（2025·北京海淀·一模）When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 35
Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 36 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem.
Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995. Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need-not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 37
Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools. A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 38 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student’s feeling of belonging is vital for their learning.
39 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected.
A．They may do things to increase their self-esteem.
B．This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning.
C．Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors.
D．Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling.
E．Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life.
F．It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted.
G．When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected.
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