Unit1 Friendship知识点总结及训练(含答案)译林版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit1 Friendship知识点总结及训练(含答案)译林版(2024)八年级英语上册

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译林版八年级英语上册Unit 1 Friendship(友谊)知识点总结
一、单元核心词汇
本单元围绕“友谊”主题,重点考查描述人物品质、情感及相关动作的词汇,以下按“词性+含义+用法+拓展”的结构整理,方便同学们理解和记忆。
(一)形容词(描述人物品质/状态)
词汇 含义 用法示例 拓展形式
honest 诚实的 A true friend must be honest.(真正的朋友必须诚实。) 反义词:dishonest(不诚实的);名词形式:honesty(诚实)
generous 慷慨的,大方的 She is generous with her toys.(她在玩具方面很大方。) 比较级:more generous;最高级:most generous
thirsty 渴望的;口渴的 We are thirsty for knowledge.(我们渴望知识。) 固定搭配:be thirsty for(渴望……)
willing 乐意的,愿意的 He is willing to help the old.(他乐意帮助老人。) 固定搭配:be willing to do sth.(愿意做某事)
humorous 幽默的 My friend has a humorous father.(我的朋友有个幽默的爸爸。) 名词形式:humour(幽默);固定搭配:a sense of humour(幽默感)
caring/thoughtful 体贴的,关心他人的 The caring boy often helps his classmates.(这个体贴的男孩经常帮助同学。) thoughtful 侧重“考虑周到”,如:She is thoughtful to bring gifts.(她很周到,带了礼物。)
unhappy 不开心的 He felt unhappy because he lost his key.(他因为丢了钥匙而不开心。) 反义词:happy(开心的);名词形式:unhappiness(不开心)
(二)名词(描述友谊、人物及相关事物)
词汇 含义 用法示例 拓展
friendship 友谊 The friendship between us lasts for 5 years.(我们的友谊持续了5年。) 不可数名词,无复数形式
voice 嗓音(指人的声音) Her voice is sweet.(她的嗓音很甜。) 区别于“sound”(泛指一切声音)、“noise”(噪音)
joy 欢乐,快乐 The joy of success made us cry.(成功的喜悦让我们哭了。) 固定搭配:the joy of doing sth.(做某事的快乐)
truth 事实,真相 Tell me the truth about what happened.(告诉我发生的真相。) 反义词:lie(谎言);固定搭配:tell the truth(说实话)
teenager 青少年(13-19岁) As a teenager, we should learn to be independent.(作为青少年,我们应该学会独立。) 对应形容词:teenage(青少年的),如:teenage students(青少年学生)
seat 座位 The seat next to me is for my best friend.(我旁边的座位是给我最好的朋友的。) 动词形式:seat(使就座),如:Please seat yourself.(请就座。)
ponytail 马尾辫 She has a lovely ponytail.(她有一条可爱的马尾辫。) 名词短语,日常描述发型常用
(三)动词(描述动作及情感)
词汇 含义 用法示例 时态变化
keep 保持;保守(秘密) You should keep secrets for your friends.(你应该为朋友保守秘密。) 过去式:kept;固定搭配:keep a secret(保守秘密)、keep doing sth.(持续做某事)
care 关心,在意 He cares about his friends' feelings.(他在意朋友的感受。) 第三人称单数:cares;固定搭配:care about(关心)、care for(照顾)
lie 撒谎 Don't lie to your parents.(不要对父母撒谎。) 过去式:lied;区别于“lie(躺)”,过去式为“lay”
encourage 鼓励 Teachers often encourage us to study hard.(老师经常鼓励我们努力学习。) 固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事)
get along 相处 She gets along well with her classmates.(她和同学相处得很好。) 固定搭配:get along well with sb.(与某人相处融洽)
二、重点语法
本单元语法聚焦“形容词比较级与最高级”“过去进行时”和“固定句型”,是考试高频考点,结合例句和习题帮助同学们掌握。
(一)形容词比较级与最高级
基本用法
比较级:用于两者之间的比较,常与“than”连用;部分双音节词和多音节词前加“more”。
最高级:用于三者及以上的比较,常与“of all”“in+范围”连用;部分双音节词和多音节词前加“most”,且前面需加“the”。
规则变化示例
原级 比较级 最高级 用法例句
tall taller the tallest Tom is taller than his brother.(汤姆比他弟弟高。) He is the tallest in his class.(他是班上最高的。)
good better the best This book is better than that one.(这本书比那本好。) She is the best student in our group.(她是我们组最好的学生。)
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful Beijing is more beautiful than many cities.(北京比很多城市美。) It is the most beautiful park I've ever visited.(这是我去过的最美的公园。)
特殊句型:the+比较级,the+比较级
含义:“越……,就越……”
例句:The more you practice English, the better your English will be.(你练习英语越多,你的英语就会越好。)
(二)过去进行时
基本结构:主语+was/were+动词-ing形式(was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于第二人称及复数)
用法场景
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与“at 8 o'clock last night”“this time yesterday”等时间状语连用。
例句:I was doing my homework at 7 p.m. yesterday.(昨天晚上7点我正在写作业。)
表示过去两个同时进行的动作,常用“while”连接。
例句:While my mother was cooking dinner, I was reading a book.(妈妈做晚饭时,我正在看书。)
表示“当某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行”,常用“when”连接(when后接短暂性动词,过去进行时接持续性动词)。
例句:I was walking on the street when I met an old friend.(我正在街上走,突然遇到了一位老朋友。)
(三)固定句型
句型 含义 用法示例
as+形容词原级+as 和……一样…… My bag is as heavy as yours.(我的包和你的一样重。)
not as/so+形容词原级+as 不如…… This pen is not as good as that one.(这支笔不如那支好。)
It's important to do sth. 做某事很重要 It's important to have true friends.(拥有真正的朋友很重要。)
once+从句,主句 一旦……,就…… Once you make a promise, you should keep it.(一旦你许下承诺,就应该遵守。)
三、核心短语与句型
(一)核心短语
tell the truth(说实话)
例句:You must tell the truth to your teacher.(你必须跟老师说实话。)
keep a secret(保守秘密)
例句:A good friend can keep a secret for you.(好朋友能为你保守秘密。)
care about(关心,在意)
例句:My parents always care about my health.(父母总是关心我的健康。)
be thirsty for(渴望……)
例句:All students are thirsty for knowledge.(所有学生都渴望知识。)
be willing to do sth.(愿意做某事)
例句:She is willing to help anyone in trouble.(她愿意帮助任何有困难的人。)
encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事)
例句:My teacher encouraged me to join the English club.(老师鼓励我加入英语俱乐部。)
get along well with(与……相处融洽)
例句:He gets along well with his roommates.(他和室友相处得很好。)
a sense of humour(幽默感)
例句:His sense of humour makes him popular.(他的幽默感让他很受欢迎。)
(二)核心句型
A good friend should be...and can...(好朋友应该……并且能……)
例句:A good friend should be honest and can share joys with you.(好朋友应该诚实,并且能和你分享快乐。)
主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象.(……比……更……)
例句:Lucy is more outgoing than her sister.(露西比她妹妹更外向。)
主语+be+the+最高级+in/of+范围.(……是……中最……的)
例句:He is the most helpful in his family.(他是家里最乐于助人的。)
While/When+过去时态从句,主句(过去进行时).(当……时,……正在做……)
例句:When the rain started, we were playing basketball.(下雨的时候,我们正在打篮球。)
四、拓展习题(含答案)
(一)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
This story is ______ (interesting) than that one. I like it better.
My mother was ______ (cook) when I got home yesterday.
He is one of the ______ (kind) people I know. Everyone likes him.
The ______ (happy) on her face told us she won the game.
You should ______ (care) more about your parents' feelings.
(二)根据首字母或中文提示写单词
A true friend will never l______(撒谎)to you.
She has a good s______ of humour(幽默感)and often makes us laugh.
As a t______(青少年), we need to learn to take care of ourselves.
The f______(友谊)between Tom and Mike has lasted for 10 years.
He is very g______(慷慨的)and always shares his books with classmates.
(三)完成句子(每空一词)
我的朋友和我一样努力。
My friend is ______ ______ ______ me.
当老师进来时,我们正在讨论友谊。
We ______ ______ ______ friendship when the teacher came in.
我们应该鼓励朋友追逐他们的梦想。
We should ______ our friends ______ ______ their dreams.
他是我们班最体贴的男孩。
He is ______ ______ ______ boy in our class.
一旦你承诺,就要遵守它。
______ you make a promise, ______ it.
(四)句型转换
Mary is tall. Jane is taller.(合并为一句)
Jane is ______ ______ Mary.
He was reading a book at 9 p.m. last night.(对划线部分提问)
______ was he ______ at 9 p.m. last night
This film is as exciting as that one.(改为否定句)
This film ______ ______ ______ exciting as that one.
Lucy is the most hard-working in her class.(对划线部分提问)
______ is the most hard-working in her class
They became friends when they met for the first time.(改为同义句)
They became friends ______ ______ ______ they met for the first time.
习题答案
(一)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
more interesting
cooking
kindest
happiness
care
(二)根据首字母或中文提示写单词
lie
sense
teenager
friendship
generous
(三)完成句子(每空一词)
as hard as
were talking about
encourage; to chase
the most thoughtful
Once; keep
(四)句型转换
taller than
What; doing
is not as/so
Who
as soon as

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