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译林版八年级英语上册 Unit 2 School life 知识点总结及训练
一、单元核心词汇
本单元围绕“学校生活”主题，涵盖校园设施、学习活动、环保相关及动作描述类词汇，按“词性+含义+用法+拓展”整理，帮助同学们系统记忆和运用。
（一）名词（校园设施/活动/事物）
词汇 含义 用法示例 拓展
programme 节目；项目；课程 Our school has a new English learning programme.（我们学校有一个新的英语学习项目。） 复数形式：programmes（英式拼写）；美式拼写：programs
facility 设施 The school’s sports facilities include a gym and a swimming pool.（学校的体育设施包括一个体育馆和一个游泳池。） 复数形式：facilities（常用复数，指“各类设施”）
activity 活动 After-school activities like painting and dancing are popular.（绘画、舞蹈等课外活动很受欢迎。） 复数形式：activities；固定搭配：after-school activities（课外活动）
experiment 实验 We did an interesting chemistry experiment in class.（我们在课上做了一个有趣的化学实验。） 复数形式：experiments；固定搭配：do experiments（做实验）
vacation 假期 I plan to visit my grandparents during the winter vacation.（我打算寒假去看望祖父母。） 近义词：holiday（假期，英式常用）；固定搭配：summer vacation（暑假）
suggestion 建议 The teacher gave me some suggestions on writing.（老师给了我一些写作建议。） 不可数/可数名词（表“一条建议”用a suggestion）；动词形式：suggest（建议）
environment 环境 Protecting the environment is everyone’s duty.（保护环境是每个人的责任。） 固定搭配：protect the environment（保护环境）；形容词形式：environmental（环境的）
plastic 塑料；塑料制品 We should reduce the use of plastics.（我们应该减少塑料制品的使用。） 可作形容词，意为“塑料的”，如：plastic bags（塑料袋）
（二）形容词（描述特征/状态）
词汇 含义 用法示例 拓展形式
boring 无聊的（修饰事物） This math class is so boring.（这节数学课太无聊了。） 反义词：interesting（有趣的）；同源词：bored（感到无聊的，修饰人）
aware 意识到的；知道的 We should be aware of the danger of smoking.（我们应该意识到吸烟的危害。） 固定搭配：be aware of（意识到……）
various 各种各样的 The shop sells various kinds of school supplies.（这家店卖各种各样的学习用品。） 近义词：different；固定搭配：various kinds of（各种各样的）
cheap 便宜的 These notebooks are cheap but good.（这些笔记本既便宜又好。） 反义词：expensive（昂贵的）；比较级：cheaper；最高级：cheapest
international 国际的 Our school has an international exchange program.（我们学校有一个国际交流项目。） 名词形式：international（国际）；固定搭配：international students（国际学生）
（三）动词（动作/行为）
词汇 含义 用法示例 时态/搭配拓展
search 搜寻；查找 I spent an hour searching for the book.（我花了一小时找那本书。） 固定搭配：search for（寻找）；过去式：searched
improve 提高；改善 She practices speaking to improve her English.（她通过练习口语来提高英语。） 固定搭配：improve skills（提升技能）；名词形式：improvement（改善）
realize 意识到；实现 He finally realized his mistake.（他最终意识到了自己的错误。） 固定搭配：realize the importance of（意识到……的重要性）；过去式：realized
offer 提供；主动提出 The library offers free books to students.（图书馆为学生提供免费书籍。） 固定搭配：offer sth. to sb.（给某人提供某物）、offer to do sth.（主动提出做某事）
encourage 鼓励 Teachers often encourage us to ask questions.（老师经常鼓励我们提问。） 固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）；过去式：encouraged
pay 支付；给予（关注） You should pay attention to your handwriting.（你应该关注你的书写。） 固定搭配：pay attention to（关注……，to后接名词/动名词）；过去式：paid
（四）数词/量词（数量描述）
词汇 含义 用法示例 注意事项
few 很少的（修饰可数名词，表否定） He has few friends at school.（他在学校没几个朋友。） 比较级：fewer；固定搭配：fewer and fewer（越来越少的）
little 很少的（修饰不可数名词，表否定） There is little water in the bottle.（瓶子里没多少水了。） 比较级：less；固定搭配：less and less（越来越少的）
plenty 大量；充足 There are plenty of books in the library.（图书馆里有大量的书。） 固定搭配：plenty of（大量的，后接可数/不可数名词，用于肯定句）
二、重点语法
本单元语法在延续“形容词比较级与最高级”的基础上，新增“非谓语动词（动名词/不定式）”和“as...as句型的否定与比较”，结合实例和习题强化理解。
（一）形容词比较级与最高级（拓展用法）
修饰比较级的词：可用“much, a little, even”等词修饰比较级，表程度。
例句：This book is much more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣得多。）
She is a little taller than me.（她比我高一点。）
“the+比较级，the+比较级”拓展：不仅限于形容词，也可结合名词使用（需注意名词位置）。
例句：The less waste we produce, the better the environment will be.（我们产生的垃圾越少，环境就会越好。）
The more time you spend reading, the more knowledge you will get.（你花在阅读上的时间越多，获得的知识就越多。）
最高级的范围表达：除“in/of+范围”外，还可用“among+复数名词”表“在……之中（三者及以上）”。
例句：He is the best student among all his classmates.（他是所有同学中最好的学生。）
（二）非谓语动词（动名词/不定式）
动名词（动词-ing形式）：常作介词宾语（如after, about, at, to（介词）等后）或某些动词的宾语（如finish, enjoy, practice, spend, pay attention to等）。
动词/介词 示例
finish She finished reading the novel yesterday.（她昨天读完了这本小说。）
spend He spent two hours doing his homework.（他花了两小时写作业。）
pay attention to We should pay attention to improving our listening skills.（我们应该关注提升听力技能。）
look forward to They are looking forward to visiting the museum.（他们期待着参观博物馆。）
不定式（to+动词原形）：常作某些动词的宾语（如want, hope, decide）、宾语补足语（如encourage, ask, tell）或主语（常用it作形式主语）。
动词 示例
encourage The teacher encouraged us to try new methods.（老师鼓励我们尝试新方法。）
offer She offered to help me with my math.（她主动提出帮我补数学。）
it作形式主语 It’s important to learn a foreign language.（学一门外语很重要。）
（三）as...as句型的否定与比较
原级比较（肯定）：as+形容词/副词原级+as，表“和……一样……”。
例句：This pen is as cheap as that one.（这支笔和那支一样便宜。）
He runs as fast as his brother.（他跑得和他弟弟一样快。）
否定形式：not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as，表“不如……”。
例句：This movie is not as interesting as the one I watched last week.（这部电影不如我上周看的那部有趣。）
She doesn’t sing so well as her sister.（她唱得不如她姐姐好。）
与数量词结合：as...as可与“数量词+名词”搭配，表“和……一样多的……”。
例句：He has as many books as I do.（他的书和我的一样多。）
We drank as much water as they did.（我们喝的水和他们一样多。）
三、核心短语与句型
（一）核心短语
look forward to（期待……）
例句：All students are looking forward to the summer vacation.（所有学生都期待着暑假。）
注意：to是介词，后接名词或动名词（doing）。
pay attention to（关注；注意……）
例句：You should pay attention to your pronunciation when speaking English.（说英语时，你应该关注自己的发音。）
注意：to后接名词或动名词（doing）。
plenty of（大量的；充足的）
例句：The school provides plenty of textbooks for students.（学校为学生提供大量课本。）
用法：后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，用于肯定句；否定句中常用“many/much”。
be aware of（意识到……）
例句：We must be aware of the importance of saving energy.（我们必须意识到节约能源的重要性。）
all kinds of（各种各样的）
例句：Our school has all kinds of after-school activities.（我们学校有各种各样的课外活动。）
近义词组：various kinds of。
spend...(in) doing sth.（花费……做某事）
例句：She spent an hour (in) preparing for the exam.（她花了一小时准备考试。）
拓展：spend...on sth.（在某物上花费……），如：He spent 100 yuan on the book.（他花100元买了这本书。）
reduce the use of（减少……的使用）
例句：We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the earth.（我们应该减少塑料袋的使用，保护地球。）
（二）核心句型
主语+have/has+时间/数量+less/more+than+比较对象.（……比……有更少/更多的……）
例句：Our school has half an hour less for lunch than theirs.（我们学校的午餐时间比他们学校少半小时。）
主语+动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象.（……和……一样……）
例句：She studies as hard as her deskmate.（她和同桌学习一样努力。）
主语+be+looking forward to+doing sth.（……期待做某事）
例句：They are looking forward to joining the international exchange program.（他们期待加入国际交流项目。）
主语+should+pay attention to+doing sth.（……应该关注做某事）
例句：You should pay more attention to practicing your spoken English.（你应该多关注练习英语口语。）
The+名词+of+doing sth. is becoming+形容词.（做某事的……正变得……）
例句：The importance of protecting the environment is becoming more obvious.（保护环境的重要性正变得越来越明显。）
四、拓展习题
（一）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
He is good at ______ (play) basketball. He plays it every afternoon.
This storybook is ______ (interesting) than the one my mom bought me.
We spent two hours ______ (prepare) for the school party.
The school built new ______ (facility) for the art club last month.
She is looking forward to ______ (visit) her pen pal in America.
We should use ______ (little) water to save resources.
The teacher encouraged us ______ (read) more English novels.
The ______ (important) of teamwork in group activities is clear.
There are ______ (variety) kinds of flowers in the school garden.
He finished ______ (do) his homework before 8 p.m. yesterday.
（二）根据首字母或中文提示写单词
We should take part in more after-school a______（活动）to develop our hobbies.
The school library has p______（大量）of books on science and history.
She is learning F______（法语）because she wants to go to France for study.
It’s important to be a______（意识到）of the danger of using mobile phones in class.
The students did some interesting e______（实验）in the science lab.
We should use fewer p______（塑料的）products to protect the environment.
They are looking f______（向前）to the winter vacation.
The teacher gave us some s______（建议）on how to improve our writing.
Our school has good sports f______（设施）, like a tennis court and a gym.
During the v______（假期）, many students go to summer camps.
（三）完成句子（每空一词）
他花了半小时查找英语学习资料。
He spent half an hour ______ ______ English learning materials.
我们学校的课外活动比他们学校多。
Our school has ______ after-school activities ______ theirs.
老师建议我们尝试不同的学习方法。
The teacher ______ us ______ ______ different learning methods.
这个公园和那个公园一样美丽。
This park is ______ ______ ______ that one.
我们应该意识到节约纸张的重要性。
We should ______ ______ ______ the importance of saving paper.
她期待着参加国际交流项目。
She is ______ ______ ______ taking part in the international exchange program.
这家商店提供各种各样的文具。
This shop ______ ______ ______ of stationery.
他在所有同学中跑得最快。
He runs ______ ______ ______ all the classmates.
（四）句型转换
This schoolbag is more expensive than that one.（改为同义句）
That schoolbag is ______ ______ ______ this one.
She spent three hours doing her homework.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ ______ she ______ doing her homework
Our school offers many after-school activities.（改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ school ______ many after-school activities
He is as careful as his sister.（改为否定句）
He ______ ______ ______ careful as his sister.
The movie about school life is very exciting.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ is very exciting
They are looking forward to the new term.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ they looking forward to
This plastic bottle is cheap.（改为感叹句）
______ ______ cheap plastic bottle this is!
Our school provides plenty of books.（改为同义句）
Our school provides ______ ______ ______ books.
习题答案
（一）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
playing
more interesting
preparing
facilities
visiting
less
to read
importance
various
doing
（二）根据首字母或中文提示写单词
activities
plenty
French
aware
experiments
plastic
forward
suggestions
facilities
vacation
（三）完成句子（每空一词）
searching for
more; than
suggested; to try
as beautiful as
be aware of
looking forward to
offers all kinds
the fastest of
（四）句型转换
less expensive than
How long did; spend
Does your; offer
is not as/so
What movie
What are
What a
a lot of

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