资源简介

(共41张PPT)
（仁爱版）八年级
上
Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
Grammar in use
Lead in
01
The suffix - ness
02
Comparative and supertative adjectives
03
04
05
06
07
08
Summary
Language points
Exercise
Assessment
Homework
学生熟练掌握后缀 -ness 构成名词的用法，能准确运用相关词汇完成填空练习。
借助太阳系、自然景观等主题内容，激发学生对科学探索、自然观察的兴趣，培养求知欲。
学生透彻理解形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则（包括规则变化和不规则变化 ），并能在语境中正确使用。
Lead in
01
Lead in
Boys and girls, let’s look at these sentences first.
Can you find something special about the words in red
Happiness makes our days colorful.
Your kindness will help others a lot.
Lead in
Boys and girls, let’s look at these sentences first.
Can you find something special about the words in red
The darkness in the cave feels a bit scary.
Her carefulness helps avoid many mistakes.
Lead in
Boys and girls, let’s look at these sentences first.
Can you find something special about the words in red
They all end with ‘ness’!Today we’ll learn about the suffix -ness — how it changes adjectives into nouns, and how to use these new nouns in sentences. Let’s explore more together!
The suffix - ness
02
Presentation
What qualities do you think scientists need to explore space or study stars
careful
responsible
fit
Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Presentation
Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration.
Tip: careful（形容词，细心的 ） + ness → carefulness（名词，细心 ）。
Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Presentation
Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to live and work in space.
Tip:fit（形容词，健康的 ） + ness → fitness（名词，健康；适合 ）
Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Presentation
The brightness of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter.
Tip:bright（形容词，明亮的 ） + ness → brightness（名词，亮度；明亮 ）
Presentation
Let's learn- The suffix - ness
！
一、含义及功能
后缀 -ness 是英语里很常用的构词成分，它主要作用是把形容词转化为名词 ，用来表示对应形容词所描述的 “性质、状态或程度” 。简单说，就是给形容词 “变变身” ，让它能以名词的身份，在句子里表达更抽象的概念 。比如：
Presentation
形容词 “happy（开心的 ）” + -ness → 名词 “happiness（幸福；快乐这种状态 ）”
形容词 “sad（悲伤的 ）” + -ness → 名词 “sadness（悲伤的状态 ）”
二、常见用法及示例
（一）基础构词：形容词 + -ness → 抽象名词
Let's learn- The suffix - ness
Presentation
只要形容词符合拼写规则，一般直接在词尾加 -ness ，就能变成对应名词 。结合教材里的例子和拓展内容，一起看看：
形容词 “careful（细心的 ）” + -ness → “carefulness（细心这种品质、状态 ）”
形容词 “fit（健康的；状态好的 ）” + -ness → “fitness（健康状况；身体素质 ）”
Let's learn- The suffix - ness
Presentation
三、在句子里的语法功能
含 -ness 后缀的名词，在句子中能充当不同成分，常见的有：作主语
就是句子里 “干事儿” 或者 “被描述” 的主体 。比如：
“Carefulness helps you do homework well.（细心能帮你把作业做好 ）” 这里 “carefulness” 是主语，是 “帮助” 这个动作的发出者（虽然它是抽象的 ）。
Let's learn- The suffix - ness
Presentation
作宾语
是动作的承受者，或者跟在介词后面 。比如：
跟在动词后：“We should value fitness.（我们应该重视健康状况 ）” “fitness” 是动词 “value（重视 ）” 的宾语 。
跟在介词后：“The room was full of brightness.（房间里充满了光亮 ）” “brightness” 是介词 “of” 的宾语 。
Let's learn- The suffix - ness
Activity 2 Fill in the blanks with words in the box.
Practice
weakness
business
darkness
happiness
business 商业；生意
weakness 弱点；劣势
darkness黑暗；阴暗；
happiness 幸福；快乐
Activity 3 Complete the text with the words in the box.
Production
coldness closeness brightness smallness
closeness
smallness
brightness
coldness
接近；亲密
寒冷；冷淡
明亮；亮度
小；渺小
Comparative and supertative adjectives
03
Presentation
Boys and girls, can you tell me their differences
Mercury is small. Earth is big.
Mercury is smaller than Earth
Pair work. Read the conversation. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Presentation
形容词比较级-er
形容词最高级-est
Let's learn- Comparative and supertative adjectives
一、基础概念
形容词比较级（Comparative Adjectives）：用来 比较两个事物 ，说明 “A 比 B 更……” 。
形容词最高级（Superlative Adjectives）：用来 比较三个或更多事物 ，说明 “…… 是最…… 的” 。
用法和结构
比较级结构：A + 比较级 + than + B
Presentation
Let's learn- Comparative and supertative adjectives
例句（教材对话）：
Mercury is smaller than Earth.（水星比地球小 。）
It’s also much hotter than Earth.（它也比地球热得多 。）
最高级结构：A + the + 最高级 + （比较范围）
例句（教材对话）：
It is the closest planet to the Sun.（它是离太阳最近的行星 。）
Presentation
Let's learn- Comparative and supertative adjectives
！
形容词比较级最高级变化规则：
一般单音节形容词（如 bright ），直接加 -er/-est 。
以 -e 结尾的形容词（如 large ），加 -r/-st 。
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾的形容词（如 dry ），变 y 为 i 再加 -er/-est 。
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词（如 hot ），双写辅音字母再加 -er/-est 。
多音节形容词（如 wonderful ），加 more/the most 。
不规则变化的形容词（如 far ），需特殊记忆其比较级和最高级形式 。
Presentation
Complete the table and learn how to use Comparative and supertative adjectives.
Practice
brighter
brightest
larger
largest
drier
driest
hotter
hottest
more wonderful
most wonderful
farther
further
farthest
furthest
Read the text and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words.
Production
hottest
driest
highest
less
wetter
cooler
Summary
04
一、后缀 -ness（形容词 → 名词 ）
例：careful → carefulness （细心 ）；happy → happiness （幸福 ）
作用：表达 “…… 的性质 / 状态” ，用于抽象概念描述
二、形容词比较级 & 最高级关键用法
比较级：两者比较（A + be + 比较级 + than + B ）
最高级：三者及以上比较（A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of）
三、形容词比较级 & 最高级
Language points
05
1. Death Valley is the hottest place on the earth.（死亡谷是地球上最热的地方。）
“the + 形容词最高级（如 hottest） + 表示范围的短语（如 on the earth）” 是最高级的核心用法。
eg：
Mount Qomolangma is ____________ (high) mountain in the world. And the Antarctic is __________ (cold) continent on the earth.
the highest
the coldest
2. The average rainfall is less than 5 cm in summer.（夏季平均降雨量少于 5 厘米。）
“less than + 数量（如 5 cm ）” 是常用表达，用于描述事物在数量、程度等方面 “低于 。
eg:
The daily water consumption of this family is _________ (less than) 20 liters. And the number of students in this class is ________ (less than) 50.
less than
less than
06
Exercise
Please choose the correct answer from A, B, C.
1. Mount Qomolangma is the ______ mountain in the world.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. more high
答案：C
解析：“in the world（在世界上）” 表示大范围比较，需用最高级。“high” 的最高级是 “highest”，“the + 最高级” 表示 “最……”，故选 C。
2. The Yangtze River is ______ than the Yellow River.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. more long
答案：B
解析：“than（比）” 是比较级标志，“long” 是单音节形容词，比较级直接加 “-er” 变为 “longer”，表示 “更长”，故选 B。
Please choose the correct answer from A, B, C.
Assessment
07
Self-assessment
I can acquire expressions related to team activities through watching and listening activities.
I can share experiences of team activities in real - life contexts.
I can understand and recognize the importance of collaborative cooperation in team activities.
08
Homework
Basic (基础)
从课本找含 -ness 名词的句子（如 “His kindness made everyone like him.” ）并仿写句子。
Improving(提升)
Extend (拓展)
用比较级、最高级，描述 “周末活动”，如：Watching movies is more relaxing than doing homework. 至少用 3 组不同形容词。
同学们选一个 “动物 / 城市特色” 主题，用英文绘制海报，标注比较级、最高级描述。

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