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Unit 2 Getting along
Lesson 3: Grammar Focus
一. Teaching Objectives
（一）Language Ability
Master the usage of the present perfect tense with for and since to express duration (e.g., "The giant has been selfish for years," "We have been friends since childhood").
Use the present perfect tense with for and since to talk about interpersonal relationships (e.g., "I have known her for three years").
Distinguish between for (period of time) and since (specific time) in context.
（二）Cultural Awareness
Notice that English speakers use the present perfect tense with for and since to emphasize the continuity of relationships, reflecting the value of long-term connections.
Understand that describing relationship duration is a common way to express closeness in many cultures.
（三）Thinking Ability
Analyze the structure of the present perfect tense with for and since through examples, developing grammatical reasoning.
Choose between for and since based on whether the context refers to a period or a specific time.
（四）Learning Ability
Summarize grammar rules by comparing example sentences with for and since.
Use exercise strategies (e.g., filling in blanks, error correction) to consolidate understanding.
二. Teaching Key Points
Structure of the present perfect tense with for and since: have/has + past participle + for + period / since + specific time.
Differences between for (e.g., for 5 years) and since (e.g., since 2018).
三. Teaching Difficult Points
Using for and since correctly with non-action verbs (e.g., "know," "be") in the present perfect tense.
Distinguishing between "He has lived here for 10 years" (duration) and "He lived here in 2010" (specific past time).
四. Teaching Procedures
（一）Lead-in（5 minutes）
Activity 1: Review The Selfish Giant by asking: How long did the giant keep the children out of his garden
Activity 2: Introduce the present perfect tense with for and since: "The giant has kept the children out for a long time. He hasn’t seen a child since spring." Explain that they show how long an action continues.
Design Intent: Link grammar to the unit theme and activate interest.
（二）Presentation（15 minutes）
Activity 1: Present examples from the story and real life:
For (period): "The garden has been frozen for months." "We have studied together for two years."
Since (specific time): "The giant hasn’t smiled since he built the wall." "I have liked sharing since I was young."
Highlight the structure and the difference between for (duration) and since (starting point).
Activity 2: Create a comparison table on the board:
Word Usage Examples
for + period of time for three days, for a long time
since + specific time/action since Monday, since he was born
Design Intent: Clarify differences for better understanding.
（三）Practice Exercises（20minutes）
Activity 1: Fill in the blanks with for or since:
The children have played in the garden ______ this morning. (since)
The giant has felt lonely ______ many years. (for)
They have been friends ______ they met at school. (since)
Design Intent: Practice choosing between for and since in context.
Activity 2: Sentence transformation:
Turn "They became friends in 2020." into present perfect: "They have been friends since 2020."
Turn "He was selfish for five years." into negative: "He hasn’t been kind for five years."
Design Intent: Master tense structure and negation with duration.
Activity 3: Error correction:
I have known her since three years. → I have known her for three years.
She has lived here for 2018. → She has lived here since 2018.
Design Intent: Identify common mistakes and reinforce correct usage.
五Class Summary（5 minutes）
Review the structure and usage of the present perfect tense with for and since.
Emphasize: Use for with periods and since with specific times to talk about how long actions continue.
六. Blackboard Design
Left: Structure Middle: For vs. Since Right: Common Mistakes
Present Perfect:have/has + past participle + for/since e.g., He has changed for years. for + period:- 3 hours- a month since + time:- 9 o’clock- 2023 for 2015 since 2015 since two weeks for two weeks
七. Homework
Basic: Copy 5 example sentences using for and since in the present perfect tense.
Improving: Write 3 sentences about your relationships (e.g., with family, friends) using for and since.
Expanding: Find 3 sentences from a story that use the present perfect tense with for or since and underline them.
八. Teaching Reflection
Some students may confuse for and since with short periods (e.g., "for yesterday"). Provide a list of time words paired with for or since for reference.
Extend practice time if students struggle with non-action verbs (e.g., "have known" vs. "have met").
Use a timeline drawing to visualize "duration" vs. "starting point" for better comprehension.

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