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(共25张PPT)
语法填空突破之名词
夯实名词复数意识
牢记词性转换要点
1.【2025年全国新课标I卷】 “... You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your______(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
答案：guidance
2.【2025年全国新课标Ⅱ卷】 The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the _________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky __________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
答案：absence, afternoons
3.【2024年全国新课标Ⅰ卷】 These plants included modern Western________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
答案：favourites
4.【2024年全国新课标Ⅱ卷】Although they could never have met, there are common________(theme) in their works.
答案：themes
5.【2024年全国甲卷】They are ________(treasure) of American heritage.
答案：treasures
名词单数变复数的主要规则
1.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，词尾加-es
例如：buses; quizzes; foxes; matches; flashes; toothbrushes
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y改变为i，再加-es
例如： candies; fairies; strawberries
3.以-o结尾的，如不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s
例如： tomatoes; potatoes; pianos; photos
写出名词的复数形式： 1. bus; quiz; fox; match; flash; toothbrush 2. candy; fairy; strawberry; 3. tomato; potato; piano; photo
名词单数变复数的主要规则
4. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves
例如：knives; lives; leaves; scarves 但有例外。roofs, beliefs
5. 少数特殊的复数形式没有任何规律。
例如：children; men; women; oxen feet; geese; mice; teeth; analyses;
bases; media; phenomena;
写出名词的复数形式： 4. knife life; leaf; scarf; roof; belief5. child; man; woman; ox; foot; goose; mouse; tooth; analysis;
basis; medium; phenomenon
1.She washed the _______(dish) after dinner and then read the novel.
答案：dishes
2. “The world has changed, and (craftsman) need to transcend practicality and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive,” Wu says.
答案：craftsmen。
3. I was adding some fresh ______(tomato) to the salad when the cry of _____(wolf) in the distance sent shivers down my spine.
答案：tomatoes, wolves
4. According to local ( authority), the city will continue to strengthen the foundations of consumer rights protection and explore new models and paths for the construction of a “Suzhou-style” consumer environment.
答案：authorities
名词后缀: 动词→名词
-tion / -ation 后缀
① pronunciation; explanation ; description; acquisition; recognition; competition
② consideration; recommendation; expectation; relaxation; invitation; preparation; observation; organization; combination; occupation
③ suggestion; connection; attraction; pollution; education; contribution; concentration; donation; introduction; intention
一些以t结尾的动词，直接在后面加-ion；而以te和ate结尾的单词，则需要去掉不发音的字母e再加上-ion
1. ① pronounce; explain; describe ;acquire; recognize; compete
② consider; recommend; expect; relax; invite; prepare;
explore; admire; observe; organize; combine; occupy
③ suggest; connect; attract; pollute; educate; contribute;
concentrate; donate; introduce; intend
Task for students!
The dictionary provides the standard ___________ (pronounce) of each word with phonetic symbols.
Her clear ___________ (explain) helped everyone grasp the complex concept quickly.
The police asked for a detailed _____________ (describe) of the suspect from the witness.
The _____________ (recognize) of his talent by the director changed his career completely.
The _____________ (combine) of different spices gives this dish a unique flavor.
pronunciation
explanation
description
recognition
combination
名词后缀: 动词→名词
-sion / -mission 后缀
①discussion; expression; impression;
②conclusion; decision; extension (延伸); expansion (膨胀); explosion (爆炸)
③permission; admission; emission (排放物); transmission (传送, 传播)
2.①discuss; express; impress;
②conclude; decide; extend; expand; explode
③permit; admit; emit; transmit
1.The team had a lively _______ (discuss) about the new project proposal.
2.After careful analysis, they reached a final _______ (conclude) on the matter.
3.You need to get official ___________ (permit) before starting any construction work here.
discussion
conclusion
permission
名词后缀: 动词→名词
-ance / -ence 后缀
① assistance; attendance（出席）; appearance; acceptance;
acquaintance（熟人）; performance
② existence; difference; preference（偏爱）;
③ insurance（保险）; guidance（指导）; endurance（忍耐）
④ relevance（关联）; significance; ignorance; absence; patience; fluency
（流畅度）; confidence
3.① assist; attend; appear; accept; acquaint; perform
② exist; differ; prefer;
③ insure; guide; endure
④ relevant; significant; important; ignorant; absent; patient;
fluent; confident; different; independent; convenient
1.The organization offers financial _______ (assist) to families in need.
2.The ___________ (exist) of life on other planets is still a matter of debate.
3.Her ___________ (fluent) in three languages helped her get the job.
assistance
existence
fluency
名词后缀: 动词→名词
4. qualification; satisfication; clarification; modification; application
以-ify结尾的动词把结尾的y变成i再加-cation
5. achievement; advertisement; amazement; amusement; argument;
development; equipment; astonishment; disappointment;
embarrassment
高中阶段-ment后缀的名词中，只有argument去e再加ment.
6. survival; arrival; approval
-al结尾的后缀
4. qualify; satisfy; clarify; modify（调整、修改）; apply
5. achieve; advertise; amaze; amuse; argue; develop; equip;
astonish; disappoint; embarrass
6. survive; arrive; approve
1.The project can only proceed with the manager's official _____________ (approve).
2.Her years of experience and training gave her the necessary ________________ (qualify) for the position.
3.The team's unexpected loss brought great _______ (disappoint) to their fans.
approval
qualification
disappointment
名词后缀: 动词→名词
7. marriage; shortage
-age 名词后缀
8. belief; relief; grief (悲伤)
动词变-ve为-f 成名词
9. failure; pressure; departure; exposure (暴露); pleasure; mixture;
signature (签名)
动词或形容词加后缀-ure/-ture/-sure/-ature变名词
7. marry; short;
8. believe; relieve; grieve
9. fail; press; depart; expose; please; mix; sign
1.Their ____________ (marry) will take place in a small church next month.
2.His repeated _____________ (fail) in the exam made him lose confidence.
3.Long-term ______________ (expose) to sunlight can damage your skin.
marriage
failure
exposure
名词后缀: 形容词→名词
-ity / -ty / -y名词后缀：
①honesty; difficulty; modesty (谦逊); discovery; recovery; delivery
直接加y变名词
②injury; enquiry/ inquiry (询问); unity (整体)
去掉e再加y变名词
③reality; similarity; familiarity; popularity; equality; personality;
nationality (国籍); punctuality(准时)
直接加ity变名词
10. ① honest; difficult; modest; discover; recover; deliver
② injure; enquire/ inquire; unite
③ real; similar; familiar; popular; equal; personal; national;
punctual
1.His _______ (honest) in dealing with customers earned him a good reputation.
2.The player suffered a serious _______ (injure) during the final match.
3.The _______ (unite) of the team members helped them overcome all difficulties.
honesty
injury
unity
名词后缀: 形容词→名词
-ity / -ty / -y名词后缀：
④activity; creativity; diversity; security; purity(纯净)
⑤cruelty; safety; certainty
⑥ability; possibility; responsibility; flexibility(灵活性)
把le变成ility变名词
⑦anxiety; variety; curiosity; generosity; necessity
特殊变化的名词，注意发音变化，需熟记。
10. ④ active; creative; diverse; secure; pure
⑤ cruel; safe; certain
⑥ able; possible; responsible; flexible
⑦ anxious; various; curious; generous; necessary
1.Parents should teach their children a sense of _______ (responsible) from an early age.
2.The shop offers a wide _______ (various) of handmade crafts from local artisans.
3.The city's cultural _______ (diverse) is reflected in its many festivals and traditions.
responsibility
variety
diversity
名词后缀: 形容词→名词
11. warmth; strength; death; depth; width; length; truth; youth; growth 形容词或动词加-th 后缀的常见名词 （注意发音的变化）
12.wisdom; freedom; boredom(厌烦)
13. accuracy(准确性); fluency; frequency
14. awareness; coldness; weakness; brightness; kindness; emptiness; happiness 形容词后加-ness变成表示“性质或状态”的名词
15. height; weight; laughter 记牢几个特殊变化
11. warm; strong; dead; deep; wide; long; true; young; grow
12. wise; free; bore
13. accurate; fluent; frequent
14. aware; cold; weak; bright; kind; empty; happy
15. high; weigh; laugh
1.The _______ (warm) of their welcome made us feel right at home.
2.His years of experience have given him great _______ (wise) in handling such matters.
3.The _______ (high) of the mountain is over 8,000 meters above sea level.
warmth
wisdom
height
名词后缀: 名词（人）
加后缀变成“...人”的名词
① 加-er： engineer; employer(雇主), employee(雇员); interviewer (采访者),
interviewee(被访问者); waiter, waitress(女服务员); lawyer
② 加-ar： beggar(乞丐); liar(说谎者)
③ 加-or：director, conductor, sailor; visitor; translator;
editor; operator; inventor; governor; actor, actress(女演员)
16.加后缀变成“...人”的名词
① engine; employ; interview; wait; law
② beg, lie
③ direct, conduct, sailor; visit; translate; edit;
operate; invent; govern
名词后缀: 名词（人）
加后缀变成“...人”的名词
④加-ist：artist, novelist, specialist, tourist, pianist, scientist, violinist
⑤加-ant: accountant, assistant, servant; applicant(申请人)
⑥加-cian: musician; magician; politician; physician (内科医生)
16.加后缀变成“...人”的名词
④ art, novel, special, tour, piano, science, violin
⑤ account, assist, serve; apply
⑥ music; magic; politic; physic
1.The gallery features works by a renowned _______ (art) from the Renaissance period.
2.The book signing event was attended by a best-selling _______ (novel) whose latest work has topped the charts.
3.The _______ (account) carefully reviewed the financial records to ensure accuracy.
artist
novelist
accountant
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