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高考英语
重点语法思维导图
专题十三 特殊句式
01
1.表示地点、时间、方式、方位的介词短语或副词here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out 等置于句首，句子谓语动词是不及物动词或系动词且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词通常不带助动词和情态动词。若以上句子的主语为代词时，句子就不用倒装。
2.such或一些作表语的形容词放在句首。
3.有时为了强调，可将句中的非谓语动词（动词-ing形式、过去分词或动词不定式）置于句首，构成完全倒装。
In the box were some cats.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.
Standing beside the table was his wife.
完全倒装
02
1. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句在句首时，句子要部分倒装。
2. 含有否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。常见的副词有never, nowhere, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, hardly等。常见短语有in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means, in no sense, under no circumstances, on no account等。
3. 常见的否定倒装句型有hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ..., not until ...。
4. “so/nor/neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适用于另一个人或物，意为“也；同样；也如此”。但当so表示对前句内容的肯定、进一步强调或赞同时，应用正常的陈述语序，意为“的确；正是”。
5. 比较级句型“the+比较级 ...，the+比较级 ...”表达“越……越……”之意。
部分倒装
03
1. 在动词不定式中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, need, be glad, be happy, be pleased, be delighted, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready等。
2. 感官动词（see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等）和使役动词（let, make, have等）后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省（let除外）。
3. 如果动词不定式含有be动词或是完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
I see you put the key in your pocket.
— Are you a college student — No, but I want to be.
不定式的省略
03
4. 介词but意为“除了”，后接动词不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的动词不定式去掉to。
5. 动词不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的动词不定式一般省略to。
6. 两个及两个以上动词不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。
I could do nothing but wait patiently.
What we must do is （to） protect the environment.
My mother's job is to look after the baby and clean the house.
不定式的省略
04
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
1. 强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调其他时用that。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
2. 强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。
3. 强调句的特殊疑问句要在句首加上与被强调部分对应的特殊疑问词，并把is/was提前。
4. not ... until ...的强调句形式：It is/was not until ... +that+其他成分。
It is I who/that am right. （强调主语）
It was him that/who we met at the school gate. （强调宾语）
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work. （强调状语）
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
When was it that you called me yesterday
强调句型
He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.
1.【2025年全国高考一卷七选五】“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.”
2.【2025年1月浙江首考】nor should we comment on what they eat.
3.【2025年全国高考一卷完形填空】That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
05
高考真题
通过“Not only...also...”结构，Not only所在的句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词does提前到主语this cafe前面。
原型还原为“We should not connect weight with worth, nor should we comment on their food.”，否定词nor触发倒装，将should提前到主语
we前面，强调双重禁忌。
while not particularly valuable是while the things were not particularly valuable的省略形式。
4.【2025年全国高考二卷】Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law → and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.
5.【2025年1月浙江首考】it was through this process that they learned self - regulation.
6.【2024年新高考I卷阅读理解D】But equally important is the mental aspect.
05
高考真题
并列连词and后省略重复动词practice，使口语表达更简洁。
这是典型的it is...that...强调句结构，强调通过“this process”他们学会了自我调节。
这是一个倒装句，正常语序为“But the mental aspect is equally important”。此处将表语“equally important”提前，运用倒装句是为了进行强调，突出“the mental aspect”的重要性。
7.【2024年新高考II卷阅读理解C】Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.
8.【2024年新高考II卷阅读理解C】Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology.
05
高考真题
there be句型本身就是一种倒装结构，正常语序为“A convenient app is there that provides growing data in real time”。这里“there”为虚词，主语是“a convenient app”，“that provides growing data in real time”是定语从句修饰主语。
本句是强调句，强调句型为“it is...that...”，这里强调的是主语“a farm”，正常语序为“A farm relies on new technology”，通过强调句突出了“a farm”这一主体。
1.【2025·广东省佛山市南海区南执高级中学高三阶段考试】It is these social skills ________ enable us to develop lifelong friendships.
2.【2025·吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三第一次摸底】It is unconditional love ________ children need.
3.【2025·新疆乌鲁木齐市高三月考】It was on April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
06
最新试题
that
that
that
4.【2025·江苏省盐城市射阳县射阳中学月考】Where was it ________ the road accident happened yesterday
5.【2025·江苏省无锡市滨湖区无锡市第一中学期末】Was it the young man’s casual attitude in the interview ________ cost him the job
6.【2025·广东省东莞市麻涌中学月考】________ was because he was seriously ill that he didn’t go to school yesterday.
06
最新试题
that
that
It
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