Unit1 A new start Using language 课件 (共24张PPT)外研版(2019)必修第一册

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Unit1 A new start Using language 课件 (共24张PPT)外研版(2019)必修第一册

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UNIT 1 A new start
Using language (1)
If you want to express your ideas clearly and completely, which one will you choose, using words or sentences?
sentences
英 语 八 种 基 本 句 型
句子基本结构
1 句子成分
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
(1)主语(subject)缩写S:主语相当于句子的话题或主题,表示句子说的是什么人,什么事或什么事物,一般位于句首,且不能省略 (特殊句式除外)。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。
The classroom is very big. 教室很大。(名词作主语)
We work in a big factory. 我们在一家大工厂工作。(代词作主语)
Three are enough.三个就够了。(数词作主语)
The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊重老年人。(名词化的形容词作主语)
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不定式作主语)
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。(动名词作主语)
What we need is food. 我们需要的是食物。(从句作主语)
(2)谓语(verb)缩写V:谓语通常是用来说明主语的行为动作或者所处的状态,谓语必须是动词,紧跟在主语后面,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。(S + V )
I love you. 我喜欢你
He is very generous. 他很慷慨。
I am a teacher.
She looks very smart. 她看起来很聪明。
We have finished the job. 我们已经完成了工作。
They don't know the road.
He can speak German. 他会说德语。
英语中的动词主要分四类:
1、实义动词:具有实际意义,能独立作谓语,表示具体的动作或者状态
2、系动词:连接主语和表语,说明主语的性质、状态或者身份,本身没有实际动作意义
3、助动词:没有实际意义,辅助时义动词构成时态,语态,否定句,疑问句等
4、情态动词:表示说话人的语气和态度,不能独立作为谓语,与动词原形一起构成谓语
总结:实义动词是句子的核心动作或者状态;系动词链接主语和表语;助动词辅助构成语法结构;情态动词表达语气和态度。
( 3)表语(predicative)缩写P:表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。常位于系动词之后,由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等来充当。
He is a teacher. 他是老师。(名词作表语)
Five plus two is seven. 5 加 2 等于 7。(数词作表语)
She is kind. 她很友好。(形容词作表语)
I must be off now. 我现在得走了。(副词作表语)
He is not at home. 他不在家。(介词短语作表语)
My hobby is reading. 我的爱好是读书。(动名词作表语)
Her dream is to make a movie. 她的梦想是要拍一部电影.(不定式作表语)
The question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet.
问题是史密斯先生到了没有。(从句作表语)
系动词的种类:
一 be动词类:? am, is, are, was, were?
二 感官动词类:?look, sound, smell, taste, feel,
三 表示变化类: become, ?get, ?turn, grow, go?
四 表示延续性的动词: remain, stay, keep?
五 似乎,好像: seem, appear
(4)宾语(Object)缩写O:表示动作的对象或是行为的承受者,通常放在及物动词或介词后面。
You should show your passport,please.请出示护照。(名词作宾语)
I'm interested in music.(名词作宾语)
We take notes.我们做笔记。(名词作宾语)
He often helps me. 他经常帮助我。(代词作宾语)
I love you .我喜欢你。(代词作宾语)
He likes to sleep in the open air. 他喜欢在露天睡觉。(不定式作宾语)
I enjoy working with you.我喜欢和你们一起工作。(动名词作宾语)
I believe that they can finish the work on time. 我相信她们能按时完成工作。(从句作宾语)
直接宾语和间接宾语
宾语包括直接宾语(direct object)缩写DO和间接宾语(indirect object)缩写IO。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果(通常指sth.物),间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的(通常指sb.人)。
We brought them some food.
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for。
We brought some food to them.
主 谓 直接宾语 介词 间接宾语
(5)宾补(object complement)缩写C:有些及物动词只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明。这种“宾语+ 宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。宾语补足语表示宾语(一般是名词或代词)发出的动作或身份、特征等。
I find learning English easy.我发现学英语很容易。(形容词作宾补)
I saw the kite up and down. 我看到风筝上下摆动。(副词作宾补)
We elected him monitor. 我们选他做班长。(名词作宾补)
Make yourself at home. 别拘束。(介词短语作宾补)
The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 男孩儿命令狗躺下。(不定式短语作宾补)
He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。(现在分词作宾补)
(6)定语:定语用来修饰、限定或说明名词或代词的品质或者特征的成分,使名词或者代词的含义更加具体和明确。
The black bike is mine.那辆黑色的自行车是我的。(形容词作定语)
What’s your name?你叫什么名字?(代词作定语)
They made some paper flowers.他们做了一些纸花。(名词作定语)
The boys in the room are in Class Three,Grade One.房间里的男生在一年级三班。(介词短语作定语)
The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
站在那儿的那个高个子男孩是彼得。(从句作定语)
( 7)状语(adverbial)缩写A:状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。
They missed me very much. 他们非常想念我。(程度状语)
He often goes to work by bus.他经常乘公交车去上班。(方式状语)
Without his help,we couldn’t work the problem out.
没有他的帮助,我们无法解决这个问题。(条件状语)
In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.
为了赶上我的同学,我必须努力学习。(目的状语)
When I was young,I could swim well.
当我年轻的时候,我游泳游得很好。(时间状语)
I'll be back in a while. 我一会就回来。(时间状语)
They are playing on the playground. 他们正常操场上玩(地点状语)
2 简单句的基本句型
(1)主语 +谓语(S+V)
They laughed. 他们笑了。
I cried.我哭了。
The rain stopped。雨停了。
The guests have arrived。客人们到了。
(2)主语 +谓语 +宾语(S+V+O)
He has accepted our invitation. 他已经接受了我们的邀请。
You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。
(3)主语 +系动词 +表语(S+V+P)
He is a scientist. 他是一位科学家。
He is a worker.他是一个工人。
His face was red.他脸红。
That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。
The apple tastes sweet.苹果尝起来甜。
The soldier keeps still.士兵保持原样。
(4)主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
He gave me a letter.(=He gave a letter to me.) 他给了我一封信。
He bought me a new coat.(= He bought a new coat for me.) 他给我买了一件新外套。
【归纳拓展】
常用的可接双宾语的词:
① 和to 搭配的动词有bring,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe, pass,post,promise,read,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell,throw, write 等。
② 和for 搭配的动词有book,buy,call,choose,cook,do,fetch,find,get,keep,save 等。

(5)主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
We call him Jack. 我们叫他杰克。
We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。
We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井然有序。
The teacher asked us to retell the story. 老师让我们复述故事。
I saw them playing on the playground. 我看见他们在操场上玩。
I had my bike stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
(6)主语 +谓语 +状语(S+V+A)
He talked too much. 他说得太多了。
Jim runs in the park. 吉姆在公园里跑步。
(7)主语 +谓语 +宾语 +状语(S+V+O+A)
He put the coffee on the table. 他把咖啡放在桌子上。
I listened to her story carefully. 我认真听了她说的情况。
(8)存现句(there be)
There is a restaurant around the corner. 拐角处有一家餐馆。
There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。
【误区警示】
在there be 句型中,be 动词在人称和数上要和紧靠它的主语保持一致。
There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the schoolbag.
书包里有一把尺子、两支钢笔和五本书。
分析下列句子结构
(1)I want to make a good first impression.
(2)I had my first maths class at senior high.
(3)I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
(4)We had our chemistry class in the science lab.
(5)I didn’t feel awkward or frightened.
(6)My favourite subject is physics.
(7)I plan to become an engineer in the future.
(8)The child is sleeping.
(9)I come from South Africa.
(10)David showed me the way.
(11)My dream is to start my own IT company.
S V O
S V O A
S V O C
S V O A
S V P
S V P
S V O A
S V
S V O
S V IO DO
S V P
主语 S 谓语 V 宾语 O 宾补 C 状语 A 表语 P
栏目导航
UNIT 1 A new start
42
Your suggestion sounds excellent.
Jim runs in the park every morning.
I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.
栏目导航
UNIT 1 A new start
43
I won the first prize in the school sports meeting last year.
My father bought me a new bike on my 14th birthday.
+时间状语
Review: basic sentence structures
Match the sentences that share the same structures.
1 I saw a white-haired man.
2 I replied.
3 He gave me a smile.
4 I breathed deeply.
5 I looked at them in panic.
6 I was embarrassed.
7 His words made me a lot more relaxed!
a He was friendly.
b The exam made me quite nervous.
c I passed him a book.
d She agreed.
e He wrote a long letter.
f He talked loudly.
g She looked after her sister patiently.
Look at the pictures and write down the story with your own ending. See how many different sentence structures you can use.
Activity 3
Mike was playing basketball in the classroom excitedly .
Lisa’s MP4 fell off the desk.
Mike was worried.
He said sorry to Lisa .
?He would?buy??a?new?one for Lisa.
However,?Lisa laughed?and?told Mike it?was ok.?
They became good friends.
栏目导航
UNIT 1 A new start
44
Homework
栏目导航
完成课本第6页第1题:
阶1:分析句子结构,匹配结构相同的句子。
阶2:匹配结构相同的句子
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