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新人教版必修第二册Unit 4知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电 2.approach n. 方法;途径;接近　vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理　vi. 靠近 3.battle n. 战役;搏斗　vi.&vt. 搏斗;奋斗 4.custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 5.position n. 位置;姿态;职位 6.ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 7.chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n.首领;上司→(pl.) chiefs 8.amount n. 数量;金额 9.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制 10.feast n. 盛宴;宴会;节日 11.roll vi.&vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动　n. 卷(轴);翻滚 12.cattle n. 牛(总称,用作复数) 13.port n. 港口(城市) 14.nearby adj. 附近的;邻近的　adv. 在附近 15.ocean n. 大海;海洋 16.roar vi.&n. 吼叫;咆哮 17.philosophy 　n. 哲学 18.landscape n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 19.honey n. 蜂蜜 20.snack n. 点心;小吃 21.gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊 22.military adj. 军事的;军用的 23.butter n. 黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于 24.county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县 25.wine n. 葡萄酒;果酒 26.pub n. 酒吧;酒馆
词 汇 拓 展 1.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应→belonging n. 归属→belongings n. 所有物;财产 2.puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问　vt. 迷惑;使困惑→puzzled adj. 困惑的;迷惑的→puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 3.surround vt. 围绕;包围→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的事物;环境 4.eager adj. 热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv. 急切地;热心地→eagerness n. 热切;渴望 5.defence n. 防御;保卫→defend vt.&vi. 防护;防御;保卫→defensive adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的 6.announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称→announcement n. 通告;布告;宣布;宣告 7.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的→strike vt. 给(某人以……)印象;让(某人)觉得 8.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众　vt. 挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的 9.greet vt. 问候;迎接→greeting n. 问候;招呼;迎接 10.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt. 取得;达到 11.location n. 地方;地点;位置→locate vt. 找出……的位置;把……设置在→located adj. 坐落于;位于 12.legal adj. 法律的;合法的→legally adv. 合法地→(反) illegal adj. 不合法的;违法的 13.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨;大方 14.fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinated adj. 被迷住的→fascinate vt.&vi. (使)着迷;(使)迷住 15.individual adj. 单独的;个别的→individually adv. 逐个地;作为个人;单独地 16.evidence n. 证据;证明→evident adj. 明显的→evidently adv. 明显地 17.sensory adj. 感觉的;感官的→sense n. 感官;理智;心智→senseless adj. 不明智的;无意义的→sensible adj. 明智的→sensitive adj. 善解人意的;敏感的 18.poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗→poetry n. 诗歌
重 点 短 语 1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．belong to属于 4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
重 点 句 型 1．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。 2．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 3．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses. 它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。 4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 5．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. 乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
课文语法填空
The United Kingdom has several names and many people 　1． 　（confuse) by them. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later,the country Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland joined the country 　2． 　（form) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
　3． 　（final) , in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the United Kingdom, 　4． 　resulted in the full name today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The four countries 　5． 　 (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, 　6． 　(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However,there are some 　7． 　（different)between them.
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you learn more about the country and its traditions. Wherever you go in the UK,you are surrounded 　8． 　evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
The first group, the Romans, came in 　9． 　first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary. The last group were the Normans. They had castles 　10． 　 (build) all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
【答案】1．are confused；2．to form；3．Finally；4．which；5．belonging；6．known；7．differences；8．by；9．the；10．built
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国全名的形成，以及英国的四个部分的组成。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，非谓语动词，副词，定语从句，名词，介词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：英国有几个名字，许多人被它搞混淆了。此处与主语many people是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are confused。
2．句意：后来，苏格兰和爱尔兰王国合并，组成大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国。此处作目的状语，表示"为了……"，应用动词不定式。故填to form。
3．句意：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这就产生了今天的全名。此处修饰后文整句话，应用副词。故填Finally。
4．句意：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这就产生了今天的全名。 resulted in the full name today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文陈述的整件事，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．句意：这四个属于联合王国的国家在某些领域合作。The four countries和belong是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词短语，表主动，作后置定语。故填belonging。
6．句意：他们使用同样的旗帜，作为英国国旗，以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。be known as固定短语，"被……认为，作为"，此处省略be动词，应用过去分词短语，作定语。故填known。
7．句意：然而，它们之间有一些不同。difference表示"差异，不同"时，为可数名词，由some修饰，应用名词复数。故填differences。
8．句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都能看到四个不同群体在历史上不同时期接管政权的证据。be surrounded by固定短语，"被……所包围"。故填by。
9．句意：第一批人，罗马人，在一世纪出现。序数词前应用定冠词，此处表示"在第一世纪"。故填the。
10．句意：英国各地都有他们的城堡。此处与castles是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填built。
知识点
1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应
[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(P40) 属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 belong to　　　　 属于；是……的一员 belonging n. 归属感 belongings n. (pl.) 所有物；财物
名师点津 belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
①While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong ________ wholly different generations.
②Children need a sense of ________ (belong)．
③People slowly gathered their ________ (belong) and left the hall.
④Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural ________ , which is something that studying your roots and being open minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
[完成句子]
⑤任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
Anyone has no right to take the land________________ as their own.
⑥If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must_______________ .
如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。
[句式升级]
⑦As is known to us,China is a country which belongs to developing countries.
→As is known to us,China is a country ___________________.
【即时练】答案:①to　②belonging　③belongings④ belonging ⑤ belonging to the state⑥belong to the same gym ⑦belonging to developing countries
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年浙江卷） 语法填空
The old man’s ________ (belong) were found in a small box under the bed, including a letter from his daughter.
答案：belongings
解析：考查名词复数。belonging 作 “财物” 讲时为可数名词，常用复数形式 belongings；结合空后 were 可知，此处需填复数，表 “老人的财物”。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷 模拟题）（单选）
The cultural relics ________ to the Tang Dynasty are now on display in the museum.
A. belong B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong
答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。belong to 无被动语态，作后置定语时需用现在分词形式；此处 belonging to the Tang Dynasty 修饰 relics，表 “属于唐代的文物”，故选 C。
3.（ 2023 年天津卷） 翻译题
这块土地自古以来就属于中国，这是不容置疑的事实。
答案：This piece of land has belonged to China since ancient times, which is an undeniable fact.解析：考查 belong to 的用法。belong to 无被动语态，结合 “自古以来” 用现在完成时 has belonged to，表动作持续至今。
2.surround vt.围绕;包围
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40) 你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
②Our school is beautiful. Our teaching building is surrounded with trees and flowers.
我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。
【考点必记】
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.周围的事物;环境
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)The (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
(2) (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.
(3)They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded (surround) of the town.
(4)Looking around,I found myself (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
(5)The butterfly shaped Wuzhizhou Island is located in Sanya's Haitang Bay and is surrounded ________ clean waters and stunning (迷人的) scenery.
[小情境写作]
(6)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。
Once upon a time,a king who was polite to ___________________________________________.
【即时练】
答案:(1)surrounding (2)Surrounded (3)surroundings (4)surrounded (5)by/with (6)surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年天津卷） 语法填空
When we arrived at the mountain village, we were surprised to see it ________ (surround) by green forests and clear streams.
答案：surrounded
解析：考查 with 复合结构的变形（此处为 “see + 宾语 + 宾补”）。village 与 surround 为被动关系，需用过去分词 surrounded，表 “村庄被森林和溪流包围”。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷） 单选
The ___ (surround) area of the lake has been turned into a park, where people can walk and relax.
surround B. surrounding C. surroundings D. surrounded
答案：B
解析：考查形容词用法。此处需形容词修饰 area，surrounding 作形容词时表 “周围的”，surroundings 为名词（表 “环境”），surrounded 为过去分词（表被动），故选 B。
3. （2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
这座古城被城墙包围，城内保存着许多明清时期的建筑。
答案：This ancient city is surrounded by city walls, and many buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties are preserved inside.
解析：考查 be surrounded by 的被动用法，表 “被…… 包围”，贴合古城与城墙的被动关系。
3.charge n.收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电
[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.(P42) 朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The universe is not in the charge of you, but you are in charge of yourself.
你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。
②(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
您新换的卡将被免费提供。
③Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.
挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。
【词块必记】
(1)charge sb money for sth因某事向某人收费
charge sb with(doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth控告某人(做)某事
(2)free of charge(=for free)免费
take charge of...接管/负责……
in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)
in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)
[名师点津]
charge表示“控告”时,要用charge sb with sth,而accuse表达相同意义时,则应用accuse sb of sth。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④—I wonder how much you charge_____ your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs D|S30.
⑤The man who was in charge_____ the shop was charged with selling fakes.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
⑥The police ______________ stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
I'll ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝I'll be ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝The whole factory will be ______________ me next week when the director is away.
【即时练】 答案:④ for⑤ of ⑥charged the thief with⑦ take charge of;in charge of;in/under the charge of
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年江苏卷） 单选
The hotel ________ 200 yuan for a standard room per night, which is quite reasonable.
charges B. costs C. takes D. spends
答案：A
解析：考查动词搭配。charge 表示 “收费” 时，常用搭配为 “charge sb money for sth”，此处表 “酒店每晚收 200 元”，cost 主语为物（sth costs sb money），take/spend 不用于 “收费”，故选 A。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 语法填空
The man who was ________ (charge) with stealing was finally proved innocent after further investigation.
答案：charged
解析：考查被动语态。charge sb with (doing) sth 表 “控告某人做某事”，此处 man 与 charge 为被动关系，需用过去分词 charged。
3. （2023 年全国卷 Ⅱ） 翻译题
这位医生负责这家医院的内科，并且从不向病人额外收费。
答案：This doctor is in charge of the internal medicine department of the hospital and never charges patients extra fees.
解析：考查 in charge of（负责，主语为人）和 charge sb money（向某人收费），贴合 “主管” 和 “收费” 两个核心义项。
4.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42) 最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。
【词块必记】
(1)announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
announce that...宣布……;通知……
(2)announcement n.公告;发表;宣告;通告
make an announcement发布通告
announcer n.播音员,广播员
[名师点津] 动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①The announcer made an______ (announce) that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
②Encourage readers to use the library. Share library _______ (announce)s on your social media.
③It _________ (announce) that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。
He said the lucky woman who got the ticket ______________and the trip will be shared online.
⑤One day with a basket of vegetables, he ____________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
【即时练】答案:①announcement ②announcements③was announced④will be announced on the website⑤ announced to us that
【高考真题链接】
1. （2025 年浙江卷） 语法填空
The school made an ________ (announce) that the sports meeting would be held next Friday.
答案：announcement
解析：考查名词转换。空前有不定冠词 an，需填 announce 的名词形式 announcement（表 “通知”），make an announcement 为固定搭配。
2.（ 2024 年北京卷） 单选
It ________ (announce) that the new subway line will open to the public next month.
is announced B. announces C. announced D. was announced
答案：A
解析：考查固定句型。It is announced that... 为固定结构，表 “据宣布……”，it 为形式主语，真正主语为 that 从句；结合 “next month” 可知用一般现在时的被动，故选 A。
3. （2023 年山东卷） 翻译题
校长在会上向全体师生宣布了今年的招生计划。
答案：The principal announced this year’s enrollment plan to all teachers and students at the meeting.
解析：考查 announce sth to sb 的搭配，表 “向某人宣布某事”，贴合 “会议通知” 的语境。
5.amount n.金额;数量
[教材原句] We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(P42) 在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。
归纳点拨 (1)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
联想发散 表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a lot of等。①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；②a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
【即时练】
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took ______________ food.
这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。
②Modern computers can organize large amounts_________ data very quickly.
③Large amounts of money _________( spend) on the bridge.
④For example, there _________ (be) huge amounts of information which I am often confused to choose from.
⑤An increasing amount of organic produce_________ (be) to be found on supermarket shelves. 【即时练】答案:　①a large amount of ②of ③were spent④are ⑤is
【高考真题链接】
1.（ 2024 年全国卷 Ⅱ） 语法填空
A large amount of money ________ (donate) to the disaster area so far, helping people rebuild their homes.
答案：has been donated
解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。a large amount of 修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数；结合 so far 可知用现在完成时，money 与 donate 为被动关系，故填 has been donated。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷） 单选
Large amounts of water ________ (waste) every day because of the leaky pipes.
is wasted B. are wasted C. waste D. wastes
答案：B
解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数；water 与 waste 为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动，故选 B。
3.（ 2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
这个项目需要大量的时间和精力，所以我们必须做好充分准备。
答案：This project requires a large amount of time and energy, so we must make full preparations.解析：考查 a large amount of 修饰不可数名词（time and energy），表 “大量的”，贴合 “项目需求” 的语境。
6.approach n.方法;途径;接近　vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 　vi.靠近
[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(P42) 因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。
[用法感知]
①(2020·浙江高考)What's more, with the College Entrance Examination approaching , we are making full preparations for it.
更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。
③A pair of large stone lions preside massively over the approach to the Summer Palace.
一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。
[归纳点拨]
(1)approach sb./sth.　　　　 接近/靠近某人/某物 (2)at the approach of ...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候 an/the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径/……的入口
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach _________ the low carbon life.
⑤She brainstormed the possible _________ (approach) she might take.
⑥_________ the approach of the College Entrance Examination, some students stay up late to study.
(2) 词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers. _________
[佳句背诵]
With Teachers’ Day approaching,our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近,我们班决定改变方式,举行一次聚会来庆祝今年的这个重要的节日。
【即时练】答案:④ to⑤ approaches⑥At⑦around/round the corner/drawing near
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 语法填空
The government has put forward a new approach ________ (solve) the problem of traffic congestion.
答案：to solving
解析：考查固定搭配。approach to 为固定结构，to 为介词，后接动名词，表 “解决…… 的方法”，故填 to solving。
2. （2025 年天津卷） 单选
As the Spring Festival ________ (approach), more and more people start to prepare for family reunions.
approaches B. is approaching C. approached D. will approach
答案：B
解析：考查动词时态。as 引导时间状语从句，表 “随着…… 临近”，用现在进行时表将来，故选 B。
3. （2023 年江苏卷） 翻译题
我们需要找到一种新方法来提高学习效率，而不是一味地延长学习时间。
答案：We need to find a new approach to improving learning efficiency instead of simply extending study time.
解析：考查 approach to doing sth 的搭配，表 “提高效率的方法”，贴合 “学习方法” 的语境。
7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
[教材原句] I was eager to see that...(P43) 我急切地想看到……
【考点必记】
(1)be eager for...急于得到……
be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager that...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
(2)eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地
eagerness n.渴望;热心
with eagerness热切地
【即时练】
单句语法填空
She is eager__________(succeed).
If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e mail.
The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager_________ knowledge and eager_________(make) progress.
词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
We are eager to see your wonderful performances.__________________
【即时练】答案: (1) to succeed(2) eagerness(3)for ,to make(4)longing to see/looking forward to seeing
【高考真题链接】
1. （2025 年江苏模拟） 语法填空
The children are eager ________ (visit) the zoo this weekend, as they have never seen a real panda before.
答案：to visit
解析：考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth 为固定结构，表 “渴望做某事”，故填 to visit。
2. （2024 年天津卷） 单选
Her ________ (eager) to learn new things made her one of the top students in the class.
eager B. eagerness C. eagerly D. eagernesses
答案：B
解析：考查名词转换。空前有形容词性物主代词 her，需填 eager 的名词形式 eagerness（不可数），表 “学习的渴望”，故选 B。
3. （2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
年轻人们热切地希望参与社区志愿服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。
答案：Young people are eager to participate in community volunteer services and contribute their strength to society.
解析：考查 be eager to do sth 的搭配，表 “热切希望参与”，贴合 “志愿服务” 的语境。
8.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱
[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40) 最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【词块必记】
break into强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)
break off断开;停顿;中断
break in强行进入;打断;插嘴
break out(战争等)突然发生,爆发
break up分解;打碎;破裂;分手
break down发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃
【即时练】
[用break的相关短语填空]
(1)She is trying to ____________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy.
(2)As the President’s car arrived,the crowd ____________ loud applause.
(3)When the news came that the war ____________,he decided to serve in the army.
(4)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers ____________.
[完成句子]
(5)The truck my dad drove often _______________, which made my dad in trouble.
我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。
答案:(1)break away from(2)broke into(3)broke out(4)breaking into(5) broke down on the way
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年全国卷 Ⅲ） 语法填空
The car ________ (break) down on the way to the airport, so we had to take a taxi.
答案：broke
解析：考查动词时态。break down 表 “出故障”，结合 “had to” 可知用一般过去时，break 的过去式为 broke。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 单选
When the fire ________ (break) out, the firefighters arrived quickly and put it out in 10 minutes.
broke B. breaks C. was breaking D. will break
答案：A
解析：考查动词时态。break out 表 “爆发”，为瞬间动词，无进行时；结合 “arrived” 可知用一般过去时，故选 A。
3. （2023 年江苏卷） 翻译题
这个地区在 1999 年脱离了原国家，成为一个独立的共和国。
答案：This region broke away from the original country in 1999 and became an independent republic.
解析：考查 break away from 的搭配，表 “脱离原国家”，结合 1999 年用一般过去时。
9.as well as同(一样也);和;还
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40) 它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。
[归纳点拨]
(1)as well as常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；
(2)as well“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1)The basketball coach,as well as his team,___________ (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(2)As well as___________ (write) stories,I love reading and listening to music.
③The teacher as well as his students ___________ ( interest) in the film.
④Many students as well as Tom ___________ (be) present at the meeting.
(2)完成句子
⑤I can speak fluent English and_____________________ .
我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
⑥You will always have the bad ______________________ .
人生在世总是有苦有甜。
答案: (1)was interviewed (2)writing③ was interested④ were⑤I can speak French as well⑥as well as the good in the world
【高考真题链接】
1. 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷 语法填空
The teacher as well as her students ________ (be) interested in the new science exhibition.
答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语（the teacher）保持一致，用单数；结合语境用一般现在时，故填 is。
2. 2025 年天津卷 单选
She enjoys reading ________ well as writing, and has published two novels.
as B. so C. too D. also
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配。as well as 为固定短语，表 “和；还”，此处连接 reading 和 writing，故选 A。
3. 2023 年山东卷 翻译题
他不仅擅长打篮球，还会弹钢琴，经常在学校文艺晚会上表演。
答案：He is good at playing basketball as well as playing the piano, and often performs at the school art evening.
解析：考查 as well as 连接并列动名词，表 “不仅…… 还……”，贴合 “多才多艺” 的语境。
10.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意(教材P41)
【即时练】　单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)I hope I never set eyes ________ this place again!
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead of tying him up, I just kept ________ close eye on him.
　单句表达
③(剑桥高阶)突然的一动引起了我的注意。
A sudden movement ________________．
④(柯林斯词典)我要求巡逻骑警密切注意。
I ask the mounted patrol to __________________________．
答案：①on　②a ③caught my eye　④keep their eyes open
【高考真题链接】
1. （2025 年浙江卷） 语法填空
Keep ________ eye on the child when he plays near the pool, in case he falls in.
答案：an
解析：考查固定搭配。keep an eye on 为固定短语，表 “留意；照看”，eye 为可数名词，且以元音音素开头，故填 an。
2. （2024 年江苏卷） 单选
A sudden movement in the bushes ________ (catch) her eye, and she stopped to look carefully.
caught B. catches C. is catching D. will catch
答案：A
解析：考查固定短语和时态。catch one’s eye 表 “引起某人注意”，结合 “stopped” 可知用一般过去时，故选 A。
3. （2023 年天津卷） 翻译题
在陌生的城市旅行时，要留意周围的环境，确保自身安全。
答案：When traveling in a strange city, keep your eyes open for the surrounding environment to ensure your own safety.
解析：考查 keep your eyes open for 的搭配，表 “留意周围环境”，贴合 “旅行安全” 的语境。
11.if any如果有的话
[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any (P40) 那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢
(1)句中的if any是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any 为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”， if 用作连词。 ①Please let me know how many are coming, if any. 如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少。 (2)if not“如果不这样的话”。 ②Are you pressed for time If not, I suggest we have lunch. 你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。 (3)if so“如果这样的话”。 ③(2020·天津7月高考)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library？If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。 (4)if ever“如果曾经有的话”。 ④She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre. 如果曾经有的话，她也很少去看戏。 (5)if necessary“如果有必要的话”。 ⑤If necessary, you might call to ask for a break. 如果有必要，你可以打电话请假。 (6)if possible“如果有可能的话”。 ⑥If possible, often tell her your feelings about the things around you. 如果可能的话，经常告诉她你对周围事物的感受。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗 如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
Will you get a free evening next week ___________,let’s have a dinner.
(2)大家感到冷吗 如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。
Is everybody feeling cold ___________,let’s open the window.
(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。
___________,you can turn to me for help.
(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。
Please try to find out the differences between the two words.___________,speak it out.
答案: (1)If so(2)If not(3)If necessary(4).If any
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年全国卷 Ⅰ） 语法填空
Please let me know if there are any changes, or if ________, we will start as planned.
答案：not
解析：考查省略结构。此处 if not 为 if there are no changes 的省略，表 “如果没有变化”，故填 not。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷） 单选
Do you have any spare time this weekend ________ any, let’s go to the cinema.
If B. If not C. If so D. If ever
答案：C
解析：考查省略结构。if so 为 if you have spare time 的省略，表 “如果有（时间）的话”，结合 “去看电影” 可知选 C。
3. （2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
如果有必要，你可以随时打电话给我，我会尽力帮你。
答案：If necessary, you can call me at any time and I will try my best to help you.
解析：考查 if necessary 的省略结构，表 “如果有必要的话”，贴合 “求助” 的语境。
12.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句] The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【词块必记】
with复合结构的常见形式：
with
【即时练】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ________(praise) the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”
②With a great weight ________(take) off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
③With a lot of work________( do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
④The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog________ (follow) them.
⑤With many brightly coloured flowers________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
⑥With so many things ________(consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.
答案: ①praising② taken③ to do④following⑤planted⑥ to consider
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年浙江卷） 语法填空
With all the work ________ (finish), we went out to have a celebration dinner.
答案：finished
解析：考查 with 复合结构。work 与 finish 为被动关系，需用过去分词作宾补，表 “工作被完成”，故填 finished。
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 单选
The teacher came into the classroom with a book ________ (hold) in his hand.
holding B. held C. to hold D. hold
答案：B
解析：考查 with 复合结构。book 与 hold 为被动关系，需用过去分词 held 作宾补，表 “书被拿在手里”，故选 B。
3. （2023 年全国卷 Ⅱ） 翻译题
她站在窗前，看着外面飘落的雪花，陷入了沉思。
答案：She stood by the window with snowflakes falling outside, lost in thought.
解析：考查 with + 宾语 + doing 的结构，snowflakes 与 fall 为主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，表 “雪花飘落”。
语法点
Grammar　过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加 ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Come and read the poem written by an eight year old boy!
3．I felt myself often confused at first.
4．She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
形式 语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done 被动的动作已经完成
being done 被动的动作正在发生
to be done 被动的动作将要发生
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The teacher doesn't wish such questions (to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
have还可用于have sth. to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
一．单句语法填空
1. They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2. The 80, 000 objects __________ (collect) by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
3. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
4. China’s image is improving steadily, with its role __________ (recognize) by more countries in international affairs.
5. Data __________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
6. Earth Day, __________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environment protection.
7. What does the __________ (underline) word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean
8. Chris and Tim work in a zoo, helping __________ (endanger) cranes with their reproduction.
9. This led to a(n) __________ (unexpect) consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.
10. Book from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________ (taken) good care of at home.
11. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash).
12. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues __________ (amuse) with her stories.
13. With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.
14. The boss wouldn’t like the topic __________ (discuss) at the meeting.
15. He walked into the room quietly in order not make himself __________ (notice).
16. The villagers saw the fire __________ (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses __________ (burn) to the ground already.
17. I found myself __________ (lose) and couldn’t sense the right direction.
18. The story __________ (write) by a middle school student is popular in schools.
19. Even though it is still summer, there are many __________ (fall) leaves on the ground.
20. With many brightly colored flowers __________ (plant) around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.
答案：1 decorated 2 collected 3 designed 4 recognized 5 collected 6 marked 7 underlined 8 endangered 9 unexpected 10 taken 11 washed 12 amused 13 solved 14 discussed 15 noticed 16 burning; burned/burnt 17 lost 18 written 19 fallen 20 planted
分层练习题
基础层（单考点）
The traditional crafts ________ (preserve) for centuries are now gaining popularity.
We found the old house ________ (abandon) for years when we arrived.
With the report ________ (submit), she felt a great sense of relief.
提升层（语境应用）
The photos ________ (take) by the villagers showed the beauty of rural life.（改编自）
The manager wants the project ________ (finish) before the end of this month.
After the rain, the ground was covered with ________ (fall) branches and leaves.
综合层（跨考点）
When we returned, we saw the window ________ (break) and some valuables ________ (steal).
The course ________ (design) for beginners is taught by a famous professor, with all materials ________ (prepare) in advance.
答案及解析：
基础层（单考点）
答案：preserved解析：考查过去分词作定语。主语 “the traditional crafts”（传统工艺）与动词 “preserve”（保护）是被动关系，且 “保存了几个世纪” 是已完成的动作，符合 “及物动词过去分词表被动 + 完成” 的规则，故填 preserved。
答案：abandoned解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。“found” 是感官类动词，其后 “the old house”（老房子）与 “abandon”（废弃）是被动关系，“废弃多年” 是完成状态，需用过去分词作宾补，故填 abandoned。
答案：submitted解析：考查 “with + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构。“the report”（报告）与 “submit”（提交）是被动关系，且报告已提交（表完成），符合 “with + 宾 + done 表被动 / 完成” 的规则，故填 submitted。
提升层（语境应用）
答案：taken解析：考查过去分词作定语。“the photos”（照片）与 “take”（拍摄）是被动关系（照片被村民拍摄），过去分词短语 “taken by the villagers” 后置修饰 photos，相当于定语从句 “which were taken by the villagers”，故填 taken。
答案：finished解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。“want” 是 “希望、要求” 类动词，其后 “the project”（项目）与 “finish”（完成）是被动关系（希望项目被完成），需用过去分词作宾补，故填 finished。
答案：fallen解析：考查过去分词作定语。“fall”（落下）是不及物动词，其过去分词 “fallen” 仅表完成（已落下的），不表被动，修饰 “branches and leaves”（树枝树叶），表 “雨后落下的枝叶”，故填 fallen。
综合层（跨考点）
答案：broken；stolen
解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。
前空：“saw” 是感官类动词，“the window”（窗户）与 “break”（打破）是被动关系（窗户被打破），用 broken；
后空：“some valuables”（贵重物品）与 “steal”（偷）是被动关系（财物被偷），用 stolen。
答案：designed；prepared
解析：考查过去分词作定语和 “with + 复合结构”。
前空：“the course”（课程）与 “design”（设计）是被动关系（为初学者设计的课程），过去分词 “designed for beginners” 作定语，修饰 course；
后空：“with” 复合结构中，“all materials”（所有材料）与 “prepare”（准备）是被动关系（材料已提前准备），用 prepared。
【高考真题链接】
（2024 某地模拟改编）The artifacts ________ (discover) in the excavation site date back to the Tang Dynasty.
答案：discovered
解析：考查过去分词作定语。“the artifacts”（文物）与 “discover”（发现）是被动关系（文物在发掘现场被发现），且发现动作已完成，过去分词 “discovered in the excavation site” 后置修饰 artifacts，符合高考 “过去分词作定语表被动 + 完成” 的高频考点，故填 discovered。
2（2023 全国卷语法填空）With his attention ________ (focus) on the painting, he didn’t hear the doorbell.
答案：focused
解析：考查 “with + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构。“his attention”（他的注意力）与 “focus”（集中）是被动关系（注意力被集中在画作上），且 “with + 宾 + done” 表被动 / 完成状态，是高考语法填空的常考结构，故填 focused。
（2025 预测 环保主题）Earth Day, ________ (celebrate) globally since 1970, calls for environmental protection.
答案：celebrated
解析：考查过去分词作定语。“Earth Day”（地球日）与 “celebrate”（庆祝）是被动关系（地球日被全球庆祝），过去分词短语 “celebrated globally since 1970” 后置修饰 Earth Day，呼应环保主题，符合高考 “结合热点话题考查语法” 的趋势，故填 celebrated。
（2025 预测 科技场景）Scientists have the data ________ (analyze) by AI to find hidden patterns.
答案：analyzed
解析：考查 “have + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构。“have the data analyzed” 是 “让数据被分析”，“data”（数据）与 “analyze”（分析）是被动关系，“have sth done” 表 “让某事被做”，是高考语境中 “科技类话题” 的常见语法考点，故填 analyzed。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第二册Unit 4知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电 2.approach n. 方法;途径;接近　vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理　vi. 靠近 3.battle n. 战役;搏斗　vi.&vt. 搏斗;奋斗 4.custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 5.position n. 位置;姿态;职位 6.ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 7.chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n.首领;上司→(pl.) chiefs 8.amount n. 数量;金额 9.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制 10.feast n. 盛宴;宴会;节日 11.roll vi.&vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动　n. 卷(轴);翻滚 12.cattle n. 牛(总称,用作复数) 13.port n. 港口(城市) 14.nearby adj. 附近的;邻近的　adv. 在附近 15.ocean n. 大海;海洋 16.roar vi.&n. 吼叫;咆哮 17.philosophy 　n. 哲学 18.landscape n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 19.honey n. 蜂蜜 20.snack n. 点心;小吃 21.gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊 22.military adj. 军事的;军用的 23.butter n. 黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于 24.county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县 25.wine n. 葡萄酒;果酒 26.pub n. 酒吧;酒馆
词 汇 拓 展 1.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应→belonging n. 归属→belongings n. 所有物;财产 2.puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问　vt. 迷惑;使困惑→puzzled adj. 困惑的;迷惑的→puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 3.surround vt. 围绕;包围→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的事物;环境 4.eager adj. 热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv. 急切地;热心地→eagerness n. 热切;渴望 5.defence n. 防御;保卫→defend vt.&vi. 防护;防御;保卫→defensive adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的 6.announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称→announcement n. 通告;布告;宣布;宣告 7.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的→strike vt. 给(某人以……)印象;让(某人)觉得 8.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众　vt. 挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的 9.greet vt. 问候;迎接→greeting n. 问候;招呼;迎接 10.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt. 取得;达到 11.location n. 地方;地点;位置→locate vt. 找出……的位置;把……设置在→located adj. 坐落于;位于 12.legal adj. 法律的;合法的→legally adv. 合法地→(反) illegal adj. 不合法的;违法的 13.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨;大方 14.fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinated adj. 被迷住的→fascinate vt.&vi. (使)着迷;(使)迷住 15.individual adj. 单独的;个别的→individually adv. 逐个地;作为个人;单独地 16.evidence n. 证据;证明→evident adj. 明显的→evidently adv. 明显地 17.sensory adj. 感觉的;感官的→sense n. 感官;理智;心智→senseless adj. 不明智的;无意义的→sensible adj. 明智的→sensitive adj. 善解人意的;敏感的 18.poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗→poetry n. 诗歌
重 点 短 语 1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．belong to属于 4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
重 点 句 型 1．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。 2．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 3．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses. 它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。 4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 5．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. 乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
课文语法填空
The United Kingdom has several names and many people 　1． 　（confuse) by them. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later,the country Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland joined the country 　2． 　（form) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
　3． 　（final) , in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the United Kingdom, 　4． 　resulted in the full name today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The four countries 　5． 　 (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, 　6． 　(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However,there are some 　7． 　（different)between them.
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you learn more about the country and its traditions. Wherever you go in the UK,you are surrounded 　8． 　evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
The first group, the Romans, came in 　9． 　first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary. The last group were the Normans. They had castles 　10． 　 (build) all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
知识点
1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应
[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(P40) 属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 belong to　　　　 属于；是……的一员 belonging n. 归属感 belongings n. (pl.) 所有物；财物
名师点津 belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
①While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong ________ wholly different generations.
②Children need a sense of ________ (belong)．
③People slowly gathered their ________ (belong) and left the hall.
④Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural ________ , which is something that studying your roots and being open minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
[完成句子]
⑤任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
Anyone has no right to take the land________________ as their own.
⑥If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must_______________ .
如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。
[句式升级]
⑦As is known to us,China is a country which belongs to developing countries.
→As is known to us,China is a country ___________________.
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年浙江卷） 语法填空
The old man’s ________ (belong) were found in a small box under the bed, including a letter from his daughter.
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷 模拟题）（单选）
The cultural relics ________ to the Tang Dynasty are now on display in the museum.
A. belong B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong
3.（ 2023 年天津卷） 翻译题
这块土地自古以来就属于中国，这是不容置疑的事实。
2.surround vt.围绕;包围
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40) 你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
②Our school is beautiful. Our teaching building is surrounded with trees and flowers.
我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。
【考点必记】
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.周围的事物;环境
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)The (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
(2) (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.
(3)They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded (surround) of the town.
(4)Looking around,I found myself (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
(5)The butterfly shaped Wuzhizhou Island is located in Sanya's Haitang Bay and is surrounded ________ clean waters and stunning (迷人的) scenery.
[小情境写作]
(6)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。
Once upon a time,a king who was polite to ___________________________________________.
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年天津卷） 语法填空
When we arrived at the mountain village, we were surprised to see it ________ (surround) by green forests and clear streams.
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷） 单选
The ___ (surround) area of the lake has been turned into a park, where people can walk and relax.
surround B. surrounding C. surroundings D. surrounded
3. （2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
这座古城被城墙包围，城内保存着许多明清时期的建筑。
3.charge n.收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电
[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.(P42) 朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The universe is not in the charge of you, but you are in charge of yourself.
你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。
②(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
您新换的卡将被免费提供。
③Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.
挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。
【词块必记】
(1)charge sb money for sth因某事向某人收费
charge sb with(doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth控告某人(做)某事
(2)free of charge(=for free)免费
take charge of...接管/负责……
in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)
in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)
[名师点津]
charge表示“控告”时,要用charge sb with sth,而accuse表达相同意义时,则应用accuse sb of sth。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④—I wonder how much you charge_____ your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs D|S30.
⑤The man who was in charge_____ the shop was charged with selling fakes.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
⑥The police ______________ stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
I'll ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝I'll be ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝The whole factory will be ______________ me next week when the director is away.
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年江苏卷） 单选
The hotel ________ 200 yuan for a standard room per night, which is quite reasonable.
charges B. costs C. takes D. spends
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 语法填空
The man who was ________ (charge) with stealing was finally proved innocent after further investigation.
3. （2023 年全国卷 Ⅱ） 翻译题
这位医生负责这家医院的内科，并且从不向病人额外收费。
4.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42) 最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。
【词块必记】
(1)announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
announce that...宣布……;通知……
(2)announcement n.公告;发表;宣告;通告
make an announcement发布通告
announcer n.播音员,广播员
[名师点津] 动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①The announcer made an______ (announce) that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
②Encourage readers to use the library. Share library _______ (announce)s on your social media.
③It _________ (announce) that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。
He said the lucky woman who got the ticket ______________and the trip will be shared online.
⑤One day with a basket of vegetables, he ____________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
【高考真题链接】
1. （2025 年浙江卷） 语法填空
The school made an ________ (announce) that the sports meeting would be held next Friday.
2.（ 2024 年北京卷） 单选
It ________ (announce) that the new subway line will open to the public next month.
is announced B. announces C. announced D. was announced
3. （2023 年山东卷） 翻译题
校长在会上向全体师生宣布了今年的招生计划。
5.amount n.金额;数量
[教材原句] We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(P42) 在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。
归纳点拨 (1)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
联想发散 表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a lot of等。①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；②a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
【即时练】
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took ______________ food.
这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。
②Modern computers can organize large amounts_________ data very quickly.
③Large amounts of money _________( spend) on the bridge.
④For example, there _________ (be) huge amounts of information which I am often confused to choose from.
⑤An increasing amount of organic produce_________ (be) to be found on supermarket shelves. 【高考真题链接】
1.（ 2024 年全国卷 Ⅱ） 语法填空
A large amount of money ________ (donate) to the disaster area so far, helping people rebuild their homes.
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷） 单选
Large amounts of water ________ (waste) every day because of the leaky pipes.
is wasted B. are wasted C. waste D. wastes
3.（ 2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
这个项目需要大量的时间和精力，所以我们必须做好充分准备。
6.approach n.方法;途径;接近　vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 　vi.靠近
[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(P42) 因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。
[用法感知]
①(2020·浙江高考)What's more, with the College Entrance Examination approaching , we are making full preparations for it.
更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。
③A pair of large stone lions preside massively over the approach to the Summer Palace.
一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。
[归纳点拨]
(1)approach sb./sth.　　　　 接近/靠近某人/某物 (2)at the approach of ...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候 an/the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径/……的入口
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach _________ the low carbon life.
⑤She brainstormed the possible _________ (approach) she might take.
⑥_________ the approach of the College Entrance Examination, some students stay up late to study.
(2) 词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers. _________
[佳句背诵]
With Teachers’ Day approaching,our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近,我们班决定改变方式,举行一次聚会来庆祝今年的这个重要的节日。
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 语法填空
The government has put forward a new approach ________ (solve) the problem of traffic congestion.
2. （2025 年天津卷） 单选
As the Spring Festival ________ (approach), more and more people start to prepare for family reunions.
approaches B. is approaching C. approached D. will approach
3. （2023 年江苏卷） 翻译题
我们需要找到一种新方法来提高学习效率，而不是一味地延长学习时间。
7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
[教材原句] I was eager to see that...(P43) 我急切地想看到……
【考点必记】
(1)be eager for...急于得到……
be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager that...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
(2)eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地
eagerness n.渴望;热心
with eagerness热切地
【即时练】
单句语法填空
She is eager__________(succeed).
If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e mail.
The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager_________ knowledge and eager_________(make) progress.
词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
We are eager to see your wonderful performances.__________________
【高考真题链接】
1. （2025 年江苏模拟） 语法填空
The children are eager ________ (visit) the zoo this weekend, as they have never seen a real panda before.
2. （2024 年天津卷） 单选
Her ________ (eager) to learn new things made her one of the top students in the class.
eager B. eagerness C. eagerly D. eagernesses
3. （2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
年轻人们热切地希望参与社区志愿服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。
8.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱
[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40) 最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【词块必记】
break into强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)
break off断开;停顿;中断
break in强行进入;打断;插嘴
break out(战争等)突然发生,爆发
break up分解;打碎;破裂;分手
break down发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃
【即时练】
[用break的相关短语填空]
(1)She is trying to ____________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy.
(2)As the President’s car arrived,the crowd ____________ loud applause.
(3)When the news came that the war ____________,he decided to serve in the army.
(4)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers ____________.
[完成句子]
(5)The truck my dad drove often _______________, which made my dad in trouble.
我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年全国卷 Ⅲ） 语法填空
The car ________ (break) down on the way to the airport, so we had to take a taxi.
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 单选
When the fire ________ (break) out, the firefighters arrived quickly and put it out in 10 minutes.
broke B. breaks C. was breaking D. will break
3. （2023 年江苏卷） 翻译题
这个地区在 1999 年脱离了原国家，成为一个独立的共和国。
9.as well as同(一样也);和;还
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40) 它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。
[归纳点拨]
(1)as well as常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；
(2)as well“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1)The basketball coach,as well as his team,___________ (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(2)As well as___________ (write) stories,I love reading and listening to music.
③The teacher as well as his students ___________ ( interest) in the film.
④Many students as well as Tom ___________ (be) present at the meeting.
(2)完成句子
⑤I can speak fluent English and_____________________ .
我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
⑥You will always have the bad ______________________ .
人生在世总是有苦有甜。
答案: (1)was interviewed (2)writing③ was interested④ were⑤I can speak French as well⑥as well as the good in the world
【高考真题链接】
1. 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷 语法填空
The teacher as well as her students ________ (be) interested in the new science exhibition.
2. 2025 年天津卷 单选
She enjoys reading ________ well as writing, and has published two novels.
as B. so C. too D. also
3. 2023 年山东卷 翻译题
他不仅擅长打篮球，还会弹钢琴，经常在学校文艺晚会上表演。
10.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意(教材P41)
【即时练】　单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)I hope I never set eyes ________ this place again!
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead of tying him up, I just kept ________ close eye on him.
　单句表达
③(剑桥高阶)突然的一动引起了我的注意。
A sudden movement ________________．
④(柯林斯词典)我要求巡逻骑警密切注意。
I ask the mounted patrol to __________________________．
【高考真题链接】
1. （2025 年浙江卷） 语法填空
Keep ________ eye on the child when he plays near the pool, in case he falls in.
2. （2024 年江苏卷） 单选
A sudden movement in the bushes ________ (catch) her eye, and she stopped to look carefully.
caught B. catches C. is catching D. will catch
3. （2023 年天津卷） 翻译题
在陌生的城市旅行时，要留意周围的环境，确保自身安全。
11.if any如果有的话
[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any (P40) 那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢
(1)句中的if any是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any 为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”， if 用作连词。 ①Please let me know how many are coming, if any. 如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少。 (2)if not“如果不这样的话”。 ②Are you pressed for time If not, I suggest we have lunch. 你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。 (3)if so“如果这样的话”。 ③(2020·天津7月高考)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library？If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。 (4)if ever“如果曾经有的话”。 ④She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre. 如果曾经有的话，她也很少去看戏。 (5)if necessary“如果有必要的话”。 ⑤If necessary, you might call to ask for a break. 如果有必要，你可以打电话请假。 (6)if possible“如果有可能的话”。 ⑥If possible, often tell her your feelings about the things around you. 如果可能的话，经常告诉她你对周围事物的感受。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗 如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
Will you get a free evening next week ___________,let’s have a dinner.
(2)大家感到冷吗 如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。
Is everybody feeling cold ___________,let’s open the window.
(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。
___________,you can turn to me for help.
(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。
Please try to find out the differences between the two words.___________,speak it out.
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年全国卷 Ⅰ） 语法填空
Please let me know if there are any changes, or if ________, we will start as planned.
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷） 单选
Do you have any spare time this weekend ________ any, let’s go to the cinema.
If B. If not C. If so D. If ever
3. （2023 年浙江卷） 翻译题
如果有必要，你可以随时打电话给我，我会尽力帮你。
12.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句] The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【词块必记】
with复合结构的常见形式：
with
【即时练】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ________(praise) the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”
②With a great weight ________(take) off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
③With a lot of work________( do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
④The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog________ (follow) them.
⑤With many brightly coloured flowers________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
⑥With so many things ________(consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.
【高考真题链接】
1. （2024 年浙江卷） 语法填空
With all the work ________ (finish), we went out to have a celebration dinner.
2. （2025 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷） 单选
The teacher came into the classroom with a book ________ (hold) in his hand.
holding B. held C. to hold D. hold
3. （2023 年全国卷 Ⅱ） 翻译题
她站在窗前，看着外面飘落的雪花，陷入了沉思。
语法点
Grammar　过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加 ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Come and read the poem written by an eight year old boy!
3．I felt myself often confused at first.
4．She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
形式 语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done 被动的动作已经完成
being done 被动的动作正在发生
to be done 被动的动作将要发生
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The teacher doesn't wish such questions (to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
have还可用于have sth. to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
一．单句语法填空
1. They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2. The 80, 000 objects __________ (collect) by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
3. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
4. China’s image is improving steadily, with its role __________ (recognize) by more countries in international affairs.
5. Data __________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
6. Earth Day, __________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environment protection.
7. What does the __________ (underline) word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean
8. Chris and Tim work in a zoo, helping __________ (endanger) cranes with their reproduction.
9. This led to a(n) __________ (unexpect) consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.
10. Book from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________ (taken) good care of at home.
11. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash).
12. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues __________ (amuse) with her stories.
13. With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.
14. The boss wouldn’t like the topic __________ (discuss) at the meeting.
15. He walked into the room quietly in order not make himself __________ (notice).
16. The villagers saw the fire __________ (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses __________ (burn) to the ground already.
17. I found myself __________ (lose) and couldn’t sense the right direction.
18. The story __________ (write) by a middle school student is popular in schools.
19. Even though it is still summer, there are many __________ (fall) leaves on the ground.
20. With many brightly colored flowers __________ (plant) around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.
分层练习题
基础层（单考点）
The traditional crafts ________ (preserve) for centuries are now gaining popularity.
We found the old house ________ (abandon) for years when we arrived.
With the report ________ (submit), she felt a great sense of relief.
提升层（语境应用）
The photos ________ (take) by the villagers showed the beauty of rural life.（改编自）
The manager wants the project ________ (finish) before the end of this month.
After the rain, the ground was covered with ________ (fall) branches and leaves.
综合层（跨考点）
When we returned, we saw the window ________ (break) and some valuables ________ (steal).
The course ________ (design) for beginners is taught by a famous professor, with all materials ________ (prepare) in advance.
【高考真题链接】
（2024 某地模拟改编）The artifacts ________ (discover) in the excavation site date back to the Tang Dynasty.
2（2023 全国卷语法填空）With his attention ________ (focus) on the painting, he didn’t hear the doorbell.
（2025 预测 环保主题）Earth Day, ________ (celebrate) globally since 1970, calls for environmental protection.
（2025 预测 科技场景）Scientists have the data ________ (analyze) by AI to find hidden patterns.
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