资源简介

8AU7 The natural world（自然世界）知识点讲练
To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. (P92)善待地球就是善待自己。
- To treat the earth kindly 不定式短语作主语；to treat oneself kindly 不定式短语作表语；“kindly”
是副词作状语，修饰动词“treat”。
Welcome to the unit---Fun facts about ecosystems(P93)
Part A
1 Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. (P93)热带雨林
是地球上所有动植物种类的一半以上的家园。
-“主（Rainforests）+ 系（are）+ 表（home）”结构；“be home to”意为“是……的栖息
地/家园”。 如：The Amazon rainforest is home to thousands of species.亚马逊雨林是数千物
种的家园。New York is home to many famous museums and art galleries.纽约是许多著名博物
馆和艺术画廊的所在地。
-“over half of all the types of animals and plants”（地球所有动植物种类的一半以上）作后置
定语，修饰“home”；“on earth”（在地球上）是地点状语，限定范围。
2 Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of life in just a small area. (P93) 珊瑚礁看起
来像岩石，但它们在很小的区域内支持着大量生命。
并列复合句，由“but”连接两个转折关系的简单句。
-前半句：主（Coral reefs）+ 系（look）+ 表（like rocks），“look like”意为“看起来像”； -
后半句：主（they，指代 Coral reefs）+ 谓（support）+ 宾（a lot of life）。
3 Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. (P93) 草地通常位于沙漠和森林之间。
主（Grasslands）+ 谓（lie）+ 状语（between deserts and forests）。“lie”此处意为“位于、
坐落于”；“between...and...”意为“在……和……之间”。如：The book is between the pen and
the ruler.书在笔和尺子之间。
4 The polar ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins.(P93) 极地冰原居住着动物，如
北极熊和企鹅。// It is home to some rare birds. P(101) 它是一些稀有鸟类的家园。// The ocean
is home to many kinds of sea life. P(104) 海洋是许多海洋生物的家园。
-be home to...“是……的栖息地/家园”，如：The forest is home to many rare birds.这片森林是
许多珍稀鸟类的家园。
-like polar bears and penguins 介词短语作后置定语修饰前面的名词“animals”；
注意：“like”表举例时，后接名词/名词短语；若接句子需用“such as”（such as 后可接名
词或从句）。
- rare adj.稀罕的，珍贵的；如：Those rare books are shelved in the East Library.那些珍贵的书
籍都放在图书馆东馆的架子上。
Part B
5. I know that grasslands in different places are home to different animals. (P93) 我知道不同地
方的草地有不同的动物。// It is home to many animals and plants. (P97) 它是许多动植物的家
园。
主谓宾结构（主语 I + 谓语 know + 宾语从句 that...）; be home to...“是……的栖息地”；in
different places 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰主语“grasslands”。
6. In Inner Mongolia, there are horses and cows, but in Africa, there are lions and giraffes. (P93)
在内蒙，有马和牛，但在非洲，有狮子和长颈鹿。
并列复合句，由“but”连接两个转折关系的简单句（there be 句型）。
7. Well, it's very dry in deserts because there's little rain. And the difference in temperature
between day and night is huge. (P93)嗯，沙漠里非常干燥，因为降雨量很少。白天和夜晚之
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间的温差很大。
-句子结构为：主系表+原因状语从句（主句 it's dry... + 原因连词 because + 从句 there's little
rain）；主系表结构（主语 the difference... + 系动词 is + 表语 huge）；
-主句中“it” 为形式主语，无实际意义，代指“沙漠的天气/环境”；
-限定词 little 修饰不可数名词“rain”，表示“几乎没有”（表否定含义），强调沙漠降水极少；
注意区分“a little”（有一点，表肯定）。
-“in temperature”作后置定语修饰名词“difference”；between...and... 用于两者之间。
8. Yes, the climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. (P93)
是的，沙漠的气候如此恶劣，以至于只有少数动物和植物能够在那里生存。
-句子结构：主系表+结果状语从句（主句 climate is so awful + 结果连词 so...that... + 从句
only a few...can live），用“so...that...”强调“沙漠气候恶劣”带来的结果。
-climate n. “气候”, 是指长期的、宏观的气候状况；weather n. “天气”，侧重于指短期的、具
体的天气情况。如：The climate in Hainan is warm all year, and the weather is usually sunny, so
many people like to travel there.海南的气候终年温暖，天气通常阳光明媚，所以很多人喜欢
去那里旅游。
- so + 形容词/副词 + that...：表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；如：
The music was so loud that we couldn’t hear each other.音乐太吵，我们听不清彼此说话。
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.他跑得如此快以至于我追不上他。
拓展：
-so +形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数+ that...；如：
It is so beautiful a day that we want to go out for a walk.天气如此好以至于我们想出去散步。
-so +many/much/few/little+名词+ that...；如：
There are so many people in the hall that it is very crowded.大厅里有如此多人以至于非常拥挤。
比较：
- such … that...：表示“如此……以至于……”，such 修饰名词，表程度导致结果。
-so that… 意为“以便，为了”；可表目的（常含情态动词）或结果（无情态动词）。如：
It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.天太热，我们待在屋里。
He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.他努力学习以便通过考试。
- 短语 a few 修饰可数名词复数“animals and plants”，表示“少数、几个”（表肯定含义），
与前文“little”（否定）形成对比，体现沙漠生物“少但存在”的特点。
9. The desert plants keep water in their leaves, and many animals there get water from these plants.
(P93) 没错。沙漠植物将水分储存在它们的叶子中，许多那里的动物从这些植物那里获取
水分。
-句子结构：并列句（分句 1 + 连词 and + 分句 2），两个分句均为“主谓宾结构”，用“and”
连接，说明“沙漠植物储水”与“动物取水解渴”的依存关系。
- keep：此处含义为“储存、保留”（非“保持”），搭配“keep sth. in sth.”（把某物储存在
某处）；如：Keep in mind that you are not alone.请记住你并不孤单。
I'll keep your advice in mind. 我要把你的劝告放在心里。（我会记住你的建议。）Reading
---The earth's main ecosystems(P94-97)
1. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. (P94) 一个生态系统包
含一个区域内所有有生命和无生命的事物。
-include vt.包括; including prep.包括…在内; 如：
The list includes many famous names.这份名单包括许多著名的名字。
There are five people in the room, including two children.房间里有五个人，包括两个孩子。
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-living and non-living （有生命的和无生命的），复合形容词，由“动词-ing + and + non-+
动词-ing”构成，用于修饰名词“things”。
2. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. (P94) 生态系统的
规模可以各异，从小池塘到广阔草原不等。
ecosystem n. 生态系统; pond n.池塘; be of different sizes 大小不同；from… to…从……到……；
3. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the
greater environment. (P94) 每个生态系统都扮演着特定的角色，并有助于维持其所有成员与
更大环境之间的平衡。
-has a role to play （发挥作用），不定式“to play”作后置定语修饰名词“role”；
-keep the balance between A and B （维持 A 与 B 之间的平衡），用“between...and...”明确
平衡的双方（生态系统成员与大环境）。
-代词 its 指代“Each ecosystem”，避免名词重复，体现语法严谨性。
4. It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and produces about 70% of the earth's oxygen. (P94)
它覆盖了地球表面的大约 71%，并产生地球约 70%的氧气。
around adv.大约；相当于 about，表示对时间、数量等进行不精确的估计。如：
The trip costs around $100.旅行费用大约 100 美元。
拓展：
-around 作副词，意为“周围；四处；环绕；围绕”等。如：
There was no one else around.周围没有其他人。
This is our new office. I will show you around.这是我们的新办公室。我将带你参观一下。
-around 作介词，意为“环绕；围绕”等，后接名词、代词或动名词，构成介词短语。如：
There are trees around the house.房子周围有树。
The children are running around the playground.孩子们正绕着操场跑步。
5. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to
the ocean. (P94) 它蕴藏着大量的咸水，这些水会升腾到天空，再降落到陆地上，然后循环
往复。// It covers the largest area of the earth's surface and holds 97% of the earth's water. (P97)
它覆盖了地球表面最大的区域，并含有 97%的地球水资源。
-hold vt. 容纳; 拿着; 举行； hold sth. in one’s hand 把某物拿在某人手里；//hold a
meeting/party 举行会议/派对；如：The hall can hold 500 people.这个大厅能容纳 500 人。
She held the baby in her arms.她把婴儿抱在怀里。
The chair can’t hold your weight.这把椅子承受不了你的重量。
-return vi. 返回，回去，回来=go back；归还；回报；n. 归还；返回；
We must return (v.) to Dalian within three days.我们必须在 3 日内回到大连。
What time does your husband return (v.) from work 你丈夫什么时候下班回家？
Don't forget to return (v.) my keys.别忘了还我钥匙。
I'm afraid I have to insist on the return (n.) of my books at once.对不起, 我要求你立即归还我
的书。
The hope of his safe return (n.) diminished as time passed by.随着时间的推移, 他平安返回的
希望越来越渺茫。
I gave him some books in return (n.) for his assistance.我给了他一些书, 作为对他所提供的帮
助的回报。
6. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the "heart" of the earth. (P94) 这景象连绵不绝，
因此大海就像是地球的“心脏”。
go on and on 通常用来描述某人或某事持续不断地进行，往往带有负面的意味，表示冗长、
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啰嗦或没完没了。如：He goes on and on about his new car. 他不停地谈论他的新车。
The meeting went on and on, and we never got to the main point. 会议没完没了，我们从未讨
论到重点。
go on 通常表示某事继续进行，没有特别强调持续时间的长短和时间或事件的延续。。如：
The show must go on. 演出必须继续。She went on to explain her point. 她继续解释她的观点。
Time goes on. 时间在流逝。
并列连词 so 意思是“因此,所以",表达因果关系,常用来连接两个简单句。如:
It began to rain, so we went home.开始下雨了,所以我们就回家了。
注意:并列连词 so 和从属连词 because(因为)不能一起使用。如:
The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (√)
Because the dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (x)
7. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth's land area. But they are home to about 40% of the
world's plants and animals. (P95) 湿地仅占地球陆地总面积的约 6%，但它们却是世界上大约
40%的植物和动物的家园。
并列连词 but 意思是“但是”,表达转折关系,所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。如:
The room was small but comfortable.房间虽小,但很舒适。
but 表转折关系，不能和(al)though 同时使用。(al)though 用于表示原因的句子前，but 用于
表示结果的句子前。如：
Although/Though I have passed the exam, I am not pleased with the result.
=I have passed the exam, but I am not pleased with the result.
8. Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. (P95) 湿地中的植物有
助于净化污染，使水质变得清洁。// There are millions of tons of plastic in the ocean, and it's
very difficult to get rid of it. (P97) 海洋中有数百万吨的塑料，而且很难清除。
get rid of 清除; 摆脱；如：
He finally got rid of his bad habit.他最终改掉了他的坏习惯。
We need to get rid of the rubbish in the corner.我们需要把角落里的垃圾清除掉。
9. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. (P95) 湿地还可以帮助防止洪水。
prevent 防止, 阻止 prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事；同义短语有：
stop sb. (from) doing sth.= keep sb. from doing sth. 如：
The heavy rain prevented/stopped/kept us from going to the park.大雨阻止了我们去公园。
10. During heavy rains, wetlands store water like giant sponges. (P95) 在暴雨期间，湿地像巨大
的海绵一样储存水分。// What's more, the ocean can take in 25%-30% of carbon dioxide and
store heat. (P97) 更重要的是，海洋可以吸收25%-30%的二氧化碳并储存热量。// These plants
store the water in their leaves. (P98)这些植物将水分储存在它们的叶子中。
store vt. 贮存；n. 商店（=shop）；如：
We store food in the fridge to keep it fresh.我们把食物储存在冰箱里以保持新鲜。
I went to the store to buy some groceries.我去商店买了一些食品杂货。
sponge n.海绵块；vt. 用海绵擦拭；吸收掉；抹掉; 如：
The sponge soaked in the water on the desk.海绵将书桌上的水吸了进去。
I like to sponge myself down in a hot bath.洗热水澡时我喜欢用海绵擦洗全身。
11. They act like the “kidneys" of the earth. (P95) 它们就像是地球的“肾脏”。// It's time for
us to take action and protect the ocean. (P97) 现在是时候采取行动来保护海洋了。
act vi.起作用;行动; vt. & vi. 扮演 action n. 行动; act to do sth.= take action to do sth. 采取行
动做某事；如：
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He acted quickly when he saw the danger.他看到危险时迅速行动起来。
She acts the part of a queen in the play.她在剧中扮演女王的角色。
She had a fine action while dancing ballet.她跳芭蕾舞的时候姿态非常优美。
After the meeting, they acted to improve the company’s performance.会议结束后，他们开始采
取行动提高公司的业绩。
The government needs to take action to reduce pollution in our city. 政府需要采取行动来减少
我们城市的污染。
kidney n.肾脏；如：Joe has also heard of kidney stones .乔也听人提到过肾结石。
12. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area. (P95) 森林几乎占据了地球陆地面积
的三分之一。
make up 构成；形成； 编造； 化妆；拼凑成；弥补；和解；整理；如：
The group is made up of two girls and three boys.
Nine players make up a team.
The boy made up a story, it is not true.这个故事不是真的,是那个男孩编造出来的。
a third 三分之一=one third；分数的表达：分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于 1，分母加 s。
如：1/4→ one fourth，3/4→ three fourths（three quarters）， 1/5→ one fifth， 4/5 →four fifths
two fifths 五分之二； three fourths/three quarters 四分之三；等等。
13. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. (P95) 那里的植物从空
气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。// What's more, the ocean can take in 25%-30% of carbon
dioxide and store heat. (P97) 更重要的是，海洋可以吸收 25%-30%的二氧化碳并储存热量。
take in 吸收；接纳；收容；如：
He took in a deep breath before starting his presentation.他深吸了一口气，然后开始做演讲。
The shelter takes in homeless people during the winter.这个收容所在冬天接纳无家可归的人。
What's more 意思是“而且、更重要的是、另外”；What’s more 是英语中的一个固定短语，用
来引出更重要的信息；在句子中可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。
14. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. (P95) 它们还通过叶子捕
获有害物质，帮助净化空气。// If we don't, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean
ecosystem. (P97) 如果我们不这样做，塑料将损害海洋生态系统的平衡。
-trap vt.诱捕; 使落入险境; 名词，可表示“陷阱，捕捉器”“诡计，圈套，埋伏；困境”; 如：
I would hate him to think I’m trying to trap him.我可不愿让他觉得我是在设局骗他。
I wondered if it was an animal caught in a trap. 我想知道那是不是被困在陷阱里的动物。
-harmful adj.有害的 harm vt. & n.伤害，损害; 如：
Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。
Many animals can harm me, but I do not harm them. 许多动物能伤害我，但我不会伤害它们。
I don’t do any harm. 我从不伤害任何人。
15. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs" of the earth. (P95) 因此，人们常称森林为地
球的“肺”。
therefore adv.因此；当其位于句首时，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。如：
Therefore, we can know the experiment was a success.因此，我们可以得知这个实验是成功的。
Part C
16. Do you know what it is (P97) 你知道它是什么吗？// Do you know that some of the plants
in the ocean produce oxygen for the animals living there (P97) 你知道海洋中的一些植物为那
里的动物产生氧气吗？
what it is 和 some of the plants in the ocean produce oxygen for the animals living there 作动词
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know 的宾语，为宾语从句；宾语从句须用陈述句序。如：
Do you know how many colours there is in the rainbow
17. It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. (P97) 它在减缓气候变化方面发
挥着重要作用。
slow down (使)慢下来;如：You have to slow down your car at the crossing.在十字路口,你得放
慢速度.
18. Sadly, we're facing a serious problem with ocean pollution. (P97) 遗憾的是，我们正面临一
个严重的海洋污染问题。
sadly adv.不幸地; 悲伤地；sad adj.不幸的; 悲伤的；sadness n. 悲伤；如：
Tom’s grandfather’s death made him very sad. He cried sadly for his sadness.汤姆爷爷的死使
他很伤心。他因悲伤而伤心地哭了起来。
19. If we don't, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. (P97) 如果我们不这样
做，塑料将损害海洋生态系统的平衡。
balance n.& v. 平衡；balanced adj.保持平衡的; 如：
The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下
来。
The dancer could balance on one toe.舞蹈演员可以用一个脚趾平衡。
They can make sure tourists are careful when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the
ecosystem balanced. 他们可以确保游客在参观时保持谨慎，并种植湿地树木以维持生态系
统的平衡。
Grammar
A Verbs and sentence structures (1l)
1. Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. (P98) 一些动物以叶子
为食，水分可以保持它们的健康。
feed on “以……为食”；如：Cows feed on grass. 牛以草为食。
2. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. (P98) 相当多的沙漠植物也给动物提供食物。
quite a few“不少，相当多”，修饰可数名词复数，表肯定。如：
quite a few desert plants. 相当多的沙漠植物。
3. Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy. (P98) 它们的花和果实可以为动物
提供能量。// It provides us with food and offers us space to have fun. P(104) 它为我们提供食
物，并为我们提供了娱乐的空间。// The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. P
(101) 这个地区为许多野生动物提供了食物和栖息地。
provide...with... =provide sth. for sb.“为……提供……”； 如：
Trees provide birds with shelters. = Trees provide shelters for birds. 树木为鸟类提供栖息之所。
offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物；如：
I plan to offer my friend this book.= I plan to offer this book to my friend.我打算把这本书送给
我的朋友。
The teacher offered the students a great learning opportunity. = The teacher offered a great
learning opportunity to the students.老师给学生提供了一个很好的学习机会。
B Using and, but, or and so
4. The deep ocean isn't warm, bright or noisy. (P99)深海不温暖、明亮或者嘈杂。
noisy adj. 充满噪声的; 吵闹的; noise n. 噪声；noisily adv.喧闹地；嘈杂地；如：
The classroom was noisy during break.课间休息时教室很吵闹。
Please turn down the TV. The noise is too much for me.请把电视音量调小。这噪声让我受不了。
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The monkeys jumped around noisily in the tree.猴子们在树上喧闹地跳来跳去。
Word power ---The suffix -ly
1. When you look at a coral reef, you might think it is simply a group of colourful rocks. (P100)
当你看一个珊瑚礁时，你可能会认为它仅仅是一堆彩色的岩石。
When 引导时间状语从句；it is simply a group of colourful rocks 作动词 think 的宾语，为宾
语从句；宾语从句须用陈述句序。simply 是副词，形容词为 simple；如：
Is success simply a matter of working hard 是否只要勤奋就能成功？
This love between you and me is simple as a song.我和你之间的爱,单纯得像一首歌。
2. Now many scientists are worried about coral reefs because they are facing serious problems.
(P100) 现在许多科学家担心珊瑚礁，因为它们面临着严重的问题。
be worried about…= worry about…“对……担心,忧虑”； 如：
Don’t worry/ be worried about John. He’ll be back soon.不必为约翰担忧，他马上就回来。
There’s nothing to worry about.没有什么要担心的。
3. The ocean water is becoming dirtier because of different human activities, and this causes
corals
to die slowly. (P100) 由于不同的人类活动，海水变得越来越脏，这导致珊瑚缓慢死亡。
because of “由于”，后接名词或名词短语；because 后接句子。如：
I bought the house simply because it was large.我购买了这房子，只是因为它面积大。
Amy was late for school because of the heavy rain.艾米因为大雨上学迟到了。
= Amy was late for school because it rained heavily.
cause vt.使发生，造成，导致; “cause sb./sth. to do sth.”导致某人/某物做某事；n.原因;理
由; 如：The heavy rain caused the flood.大雨引起了洪水。//The cause of the fire was
carelessness.火因是粗心大意。// The noise caused the baby to cry.噪音导致宝宝哭了。
4. What's more, climate change is greatly damaging the ocean's environment. (P100) 更重要的是，
气候变化正在极大地破坏海洋环境。
-What's more“而且;更重要的是;另外”；如：And what’s more, bring me my breakfast.另外,把
我的早饭带来。
-greatly 副词修饰动词 damage；
-damage vt.损害，毁坏; n.损坏，损失; 损害；如：
Drinking and smoking can damage your health.饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.洪水毁坏了大量农作物。
5. The ocean is getting warmer, and it may not be a friendly environment for coral reefs. (P100)
海洋变暖，可能不再是一个对珊瑚礁友好的环境。
-连词 and 连接两个并列句；
-is getting warmer （正变得更暖），现在进行时表“逐渐发生的变化”，体现气候变化的持
续性，比“becomes warmer”更具动态感。
-情态动词 may （可能），表推测，语气委婉。
6. Luckily, more scientists are paying attention to coral reefs. (P100) 幸运的是，更多的科学家开
始关注珊瑚礁。
副词 Luckily 修饰后边整个句子；pay attention to sth. /doing sth. 关注…… 如：
Luckily, Amy didn’t pay attention to her classmates who laugh at her. 幸运的是，艾米没有理会
那些嘲笑她的同学。
7. They are working really hard to find ways to save them. (P100)他们正在非常努力地寻找拯救
它们的方法。
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-副词 really 修饰动词短语 work hard; -动词不定式 to find ways to save them 作目的状语；动
词不定式 to save them 作后置定语修饰前面的名词 ways。
Integration---Protecting ecosystems
1. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. P(101)扎龙自
然保护区位于中国东北部的黑龙江省。
north - east n., adj. & adv.东北; 东北方的; 向东北方；“in the + 方位名词 + of...”“在某区域
某方位”；如：in the south of China 在中国南部。
2. It is one of the world's most important wetlands. P(101) 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。//
Pollution is one of the biggest problems. P(104) 污染是最大的问题之一。
“one of the +最高级+名词复数”表示“最…的之一”, 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
He is one of the most friendly people in the class, I think. 我认为他是班里最友善的人之一。
3. The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. P(101) 这个地区为许多野生动物提供
了食物和栖息地。// It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and produces about 70% of the
earth's oxygen. (P94) 它覆盖了地球表面的大约 71%，并产生地球约 70%的氧气。// Wetlands
only cover about 6% of the earth's land area. (P95) 湿地仅占地球陆地总面积的约 6%。
cover n. 躲避处; 罩子；v. 覆盖；涉及；包含；掩护；给…保险；如：
I can't make the cover of the tin fit on.我无法把这罐头的盖子盖上。
Snow covered the ground.积雪覆盖了大地。
We tried to find cover from the storm.我们设法寻找遮蔽暴风雨的地方。
Do not try to cover a mistake.不要试图掩盖错误。
4. For example, about 20% of red-crowned cranes live in Zhalong. P(101)例如，约 20%的红冠鹤
生活在扎龙。
red - crowned crane n.丹顶鹤；
“20% of + 复数名词”（20%的……）表比例；当“百分比 + 名词”作为主语时，谓语动词
的单复数形式取决于该名词所指代的内容是单数还是复数。如果名词表示的是不可数名词
或集合名词（整体概念），谓语动词使用单数形式。如果名词表示的是可数名词的复数（个
体概念），谓语动词使用复数形式。如：
Forty percent of the water is polluted.40%的水被污染了。（“water”是不可数名词，所以谓语
动词用单数“is”。）
A large percentage of the population supports the new policy.大部分人口支持新政策。
（“population”是集合名词，通常看作一个整体，因此谓语动词用单数“supports”。）
Sixty percent of the students have passed the exam.60%的学生通过了考试。
（“students”是可数名词的复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数“have”。）
Thirty percent of the apples are rotten.30%的苹果腐烂了。
（“apples”是可数名词的复数形式，因此谓语动词用复数“are”。）
5. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. P(101) 许
多鸟类一年四季都生活在扎龙，而有些鸟类只是短暂停留。
all year round （全年，一整年）; for a short stay （短期停留）;
stay n.停留,逗留 v.待；呆；如：
We only want to make a short stay here.我们只想在这里做短暂的逗留。
You can stay here if you like. 如果你愿意的话，你可以呆在这里。
Stay smart and diligent.保持聪明勤奋。(系动词时，意思为“保持……的状态”,后面接名词、
形容词作为表语，强调一种状态。)
6. Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there. P(101) 大多数鸟类
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在白天都很活跃，所以你可以很容易地在那里观察它们。
daytime n.白天；day+ time →daytime；in the daytime 在白天；反义短语为：at night 或 during
the night。如：
She likes to read in the daytime. 她喜欢在白天阅读。
He prefers to walk at night because it's cooler.他更喜欢在夜晚散步，因为那时更凉爽。
7. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and
buildings. P(101) 有些人想让湿地变小，以便有更多的空间用于农场和建筑。
make sb./sth.+adj. ; // in order to do sth.表示目的，可直接用不定式 to 替换；如：
In order to catch the first bus, he got up early in the morning.为了赶上第一班公交车，他早早起
床了。
8. This will lead to less space for wildlife. P(101)这将导致野生动物的空间减少。
lead vi. 造成(后果); lead to 导致；n. “领先地位；榜样；线索”等； leader n. “领导者；领袖；
首领”。
lead to sth.导致，造成，通向。如：Eating too much sugar can lead to health problem.食用过多
的糖会引起健康问题。
lead sb. to sth.，使得出（观点），引导（某人）。如：What led you to this conclusion 是什么
让你得出这个结论的？
lead sb. to do sth.，引导、带领、怂恿某人做什么。如：Salesmen do their best to lead people
on to buy things they don’t need.
lead sb. into doing sth.，表示的是同一个意思。如：The love of pleasure leads men into vices.
She took the lead in organizing the event.她带头组织活动。
As a teacher, you should set a good lead for your students.作为一名老师，你应该为你的学生树
立一个好榜样。
The police will follow up all possible leads.警方将追踪所有可能的线索。
He was not a natural leader.他并非天生的领袖。
9. Moreover, if fishermen keep fishing there, the birds will not have enough food to eat. P(101)
此外，如果渔民继续在那里捕鱼，鸟类将没有足够的食物吃。
if 引导条件状语从句，主将从现；// keep doing sth. //动词不定式 to eat 作定语修饰名词 food。
10. Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. P(101) 现
在中国政府已经制定法律来防止扎龙发生这些事情。
-has made （现在完成时），表“过去制定法律”的动作对现在产生影响（即当前已有保护
法律），强调“对策已实施”的状态，比一般过去时“made”更突出“当前效果”。
-动词不定式 to prevent all these things 作目的状语；
11. What other actions can we take to help protect wetlands P(101) 我们还能采取什么行动来
帮助保护湿地？
take action(s) to do sth. 采取行动做某事，强调采取行动的目的和具体内容。如：
We had to take action to protect the proprietary technology.我们必须采取措施保护专利技术。
12. Governments can do this by creating laws to stop people from building on wetlands, to reduce
the number of tourists visiting them and to make sure visitors do no harm while they are there.
政府可以通过立法来阻止人们在湿地上进行建设，控制湿地游客数量，并确保游客在游览
过程中不造成破坏。
-by creating laws"（通过制定法律，介词 "by" 后接动名词 "creating"）；拓展：
creative adj.“有创造力的；创造性的” ；如：A creative person can come up with new ideas
easily.有创造力的人能轻易想出新点子。
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creator n. “创作者；创造者”；如：The creator of this app is only 20 years old. 这款应用的开
发者仅 20 岁。
- "stop sb from doing sth"（阻止某人做某事，"from" 后接动名词 "building"）；
-"the number of + 复数名词"（……的数量，作主语时谓语用单数）；
-"visiting them"（现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 "tourists"，表“正在参观它们的游客”）；
- "make sure + 宾语从句"（确保……，从句用陈述语序 "visitors do no harm"）；
-"while they are there"（时间状语从句，"while" 表“当……时候”，从句用现在时）。
-"do no harm"（不造成伤害）。
13. They can set up volunteer groups to help keep wetlands free from pollution, make sure tourists
are careful when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the ecosystem balanced. 他们可以成
立志愿者小组，帮助保护湿地免受污染，确保游客在参观时小心谨慎，并种植湿地树木以
维持生态平衡。
-"set up volunteer groups"（成立志愿小组，"set up" 表“建立、成立”;还有“竖起；搭建；
安排”等意思。）；
-"help keep sth free from sth"（帮助使某物远离某物，"keep" 后接形容词 "free from" 作宾
语补足语）；
-"make sure + 宾语从句"（确保……，从句为 "tourists are careful"，主系表结构）；
- "keep the ecosystem balanced"（保持生态系统平衡，"balanced" 为过去分词作宾语补足语，
表“被平衡的状态”, "keep... balanced"（保持……平衡））。
-"free from pollution"（远离污染）。
Part C
14. And maybe we can take our own chopsticks when eating out. P(103) 也许我们在外出就餐时
可以自带筷子。
- take one's own...自带……；take one’s own life 自己的，本人的; take one’s own course 拥有，
有（尤指买来的东西）; take one's own way 一意孤行。
-时间状语从句 when eating out（外出就餐时），完整形式为“when we are eating out”，口语
中省略主语“we”和 be 动词“are”，使句子更简洁自然。
15. We can encourage people to protect forests too. P(103) 我们可以鼓励人们也来保护森林。//
We can also encourage them to help. P(104) 我们还可以鼓励他们提供帮助。
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；如：Our English teacher often encourages us to speak
more English in class.我们的英语老师常鼓励我们要在课堂上多说英语。
16. You said it! P(103) 你说得对！（口语常用，表赞同，比“I agree”更口语化。）
17. We can show people different ways to save forests. P(103) 我们可以向人们展示不同的保护
森林的方法。
-show people different ways= show different ways to people;
-动词不定式 to save forests 作后置定语，修饰前面的名词 ways。
18. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe. P(103) 教育和知识是帮
助保持森林安全的有效工具
-knowledge n.知识【UC】；have a good knowledge(n.掌握，知晓) of....对.....有很好的了解
和掌握；to one’s knowledge“据某人所知”；如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
Her knowledge of French is very extensive.她的法语知识很广博。He had an encyclopedic
knowledge of drugs.他有渊博的药品知识。
-动词不定式 to help keep forests safe 作后置定语，修饰前面的名词 tools。
Part D2
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19. I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting the ocean. P(104) 我今天写信是为了
请求你们在保护海洋方面给予帮助。// However, the ocean is facing many problems. P(104)
然而，海洋正面临着许多问题。
-am writing 和 is facing 都是现在进行时表示正在进行的动作；
-ask for one's help in doing sth. （请求某人协助做某事），“in protecting the ocean”（在保护
海洋方面；
-to ask for your help 是动词不定式作目的状语；“in protecting the ocean” 是后置定语。
20. It is also a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean. P(104) 告诉人们如何保护海洋
也是一个好主意。// It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. P
(104) 加入一个环保组织并作为志愿者工作是很有意义的。
上述两个句子中的 It 都是代指后边的动词不定式作形式主语；
We should keep beaches clean and use more environment-friendly products. P(104) 我们应该保
持海滩清洁，使用更多环保产品。
environmental adj. 环境的; environment n. 环境；如：
She usually writes about environmental issues.她通常写环境方面的题材。
Provide a quiet and comfortable learning environment for your children. 给孩子提供一个安静
而舒适的学习环境。
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