Unit3-4一轮复习定语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习译林版(2019)必修第一册

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Unit3-4一轮复习定语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习译林版(2019)必修第一册

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定语从句
一、 定义
定语从句在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子。受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句通常由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose , as或关系副词when, where, why引导,这些词既指代主句中的先行词, 又充当定语从句中的某个成分。定语从句可分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例:The girl (who is wearing a red dress) is my sister.
那个穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
主句和从句的区别:
主句:能独立成句,不依赖其他句子就能表达完整的意思。
比如:“The girl is my sister.”(这个女孩是我妹妹。)这句话单独说就很完整。
从句:不能独立成句,必须依附主句存在,否则意思不完整或逻辑不通。
比如:“who is wearing a red dress”(穿着红裙子的),单独说不知道在指谁,必须和主句结合(如“The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.”)“那个穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹”才有意义。
2.定语从句在句子中起定语作用:定语的作用同形容词的作用类似,也就是说这个从句在整个句子中的翻译类似形容词,即(who is wearing a red dress)翻译成那个穿红裙子的。
3. 修饰一个名词或代词,受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词:“who is wearing a red dress”是定语从句,用来修饰“the girl”,说明是“什么样的女孩”—“穿着红裙子的女孩”,这里“the girl”是先行词(被修饰的名词)。
4. 定语从句通常由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose , as或关系副词when, where, why引导,这些词既指代主句中的先行词, 又充当定语从句中的某个成分:
(1)The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.中关系代词“who”既指代先行词“the girl”,又在定语从句中作主语。
(2)关系代词和关系副词:
①关系代词:核心作用类似代词,指代主句中的先行词,在从句当中充当主语,宾语和定语。在充当主语和宾语时从句是不完整的。
例:The book that I bought is interesting. (that指代先行词the book,在从句中作宾语)
This is the girl who helped me.(who指代先行词the girl,在从句中作主语)
This is the house whose windows face south.(whose指代先行词the house,在从句中作定语,修饰windows,意为“这是一个窗户朝南的房子”)
关系副词:核心作用类似副词,在从句当中充当状语,从句完整。
The year when he graduated from college was 2010.(when指代先行词the year,在从句中作时间状语,指“他大学毕业的那一年”)
5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:
①限制性定语从句里有逗号,非限制性定语从句中没有逗号。
限制性定语对先行词起限定作用,非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,是附加信息。
The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(限制性定语从句)
那个穿着红裙子的是我妹妹。
My sister is a teacher, who is wearing a red dress.(非限制性定语从句)
我妹妹是一个老师,她正穿着红裙子。
1.that(指人/物,在从句中作主语或宾语)
(作主语):
The girl that is talking to the teacher is my sister.
(和老师说话的那个女孩是我妹妹。)
成分:that指代the girl,在从句中作主语。
(作宾语):
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
(这是我昨天买的书。)
成分:that指代the book,在从句中作bought的宾语。可省略(省略后:This is the book I bought yesterday.)。
2. which(指物,在从句中作主语或宾语)
(作主语):
The dog which is running in the park is very cute.
(在公园里跑的那只狗很可爱。)
成分:which指代the dog,在从句中作主语。
(作宾语):
I lost the pen which my mother gave me.
(我弄丢了妈妈给我的钢笔。)
成分:which指代the pen,在从句中作gave的宾语(give sb.sth.)
能否省略:作宾语,可省略(省略后:I lost the pen my mother gave me.)。
3. who(指人,在从句中作主语)
例:The man who helped us is a doctor.
(帮我们的那个人是医生。)
成分:who指代the man,在从句中作主语。
4. whom(指人,在从句中作宾语)
例:The boy whom you met yesterday is my classmate.
(你昨天见到的那个男孩是我的同学。)
成分:whom指代the boy,在从句中作met的宾语。
能否省略:作宾语,可省略(省略后:The boy you met yesterday is my classmate.)
5. whose(指人/物,在从句中作定语,表“……的”)
(指人):The girl whose hair is red is from Canada.
(红头发的女孩来自加拿大。)
成分:whose指代the girl,在从句中作hair的定语(表“女孩的头发”)。不可省略(whose是定语,省略后句子不完整)。
(指物):I live in a house whose windows face south.
(我住的房子窗户朝南。)
成分:whose指代a house,在从句中作windows的定语(表“房子的窗户”)。不可省略。
6. when(指时间,在从句中作时间状语)
例:I still remember the day when we first met.
(我还记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
成分:when指代the day,在从句中作时间状语(从句完整)
能否省略:不可省略
7. where(指地点,在从句中作地点状语)
例:This is the café where we first talked face to face.
(这就是我们第一次当面交谈的咖啡馆。)
成分:where指代the café,在定语从句中作地点状语where不可省略
8. why(指原因,在从句中作原因状语)
Do you know the reason why he was late
(你知道他迟到的原因吗?)
成分:why指代the reason,在从句中作原因状语
1. Do you have anything that is important to tell me
2. I have some books that are very good.
3. This is the first book that I bought myself.
4. The biggest bird that I caught is this one.
6. Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting
7. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
8. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
注意:关系代词 that不用于非限制性定语从句中。
She bought a new bike, that cost her 2,000 yuan. ×
She bought a new bike, which cost her 2,000 yuan. √
(她买了一辆新自行车,那花了她2000元。)
二、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
1.先行词/关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以用 “介词+关系代词” 引导定语从句。若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词常用两个:whom (指人),which(指物),关系代词不可省略。
注意:固定短语中的介词不能够前置到关系代词前(看这个短语拆开会不会生硬)
2.介词的选择可以根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定;根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the person to whom I gave the book.(这就是我把书给的那个人)
先行词是 “the person”,关系代词用 “whom” 指代人,因为和前面动词 “give” 搭配是 “give sth. to sb.”,所以这里关系代词在定语从句中做介词to的宾语,用介词 “to” 加关系代词 “whom”引导定语从句,to是根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the pen which I'm looking for.(这就是我在找的那支笔 )
这里 “look for” 是固定短语,表示“寻找” ,如果把介词 “for” 提前变成 “for which I'm looking”,就不符合口语表达习惯,听起来很奇怪 ,所以固定短语 “look for” 中的介词 “for” 不前置。
三、 the way(方式,方法)引导的定语从句
the way 做先行词,且在定语从句中作状语时,其后的定语从句通常用in which或者that引导,且可以省略。the way 做先行词,若在定语从句中作主语或宾语,其后的定语从句则用 that或者which引导,充当宾语时可以省略。
The way that/in which he answered the questions was surprising.
(the way做先行词,从句是he answered the questions(句子完整,在从句中充当状语,其后的定语从句用in which或者that引导))
2) I don’t like the way(that/which)he taught me to do the work.
(the way做先行词,从句是he taught me to do the work.这里有一个短语:teach sb. sth.缺少宾语,从句完整的表达应该是he taught me the way to do the work,所以用which或者that引导。
四、非限制定语从句中as和which的区别
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容,但定语从句位于句首时,只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。译为“这一点”用which。
1.The earth is round,_which/as_is known to all.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
Jim said she could finish the task in two hours, which I doubted very much.
注意:这里面as引导的是限制性定语从句,as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰,即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as结构,as在定语从句中应充当成分如:主语、宾语或表语,that引导的是结果状语从句。

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