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Unit 4 Inventions
单元小结
知识目录
学习目标：阅读一篇关于伟大发明的文章。理解发明对人类产生重大影响，推动人类发展和进步，能够阅读这方面的文章。
语法目标：学习如何使用 good、bad 和 far 的比较级与最高级；学习as/so…as这种结构。
听说目标：听5种有趣发明的广告；学习使用升调；谈论对你和你的家人而言最有用的发明。
写作目标：写一篇关于你要创造的新发明的短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 although的用法 练习
要点2 depend/depend on的用法 练习
要点3 invent的用法 练习
要点4 doubt的用法 练习
要点5 the number of/ a number of/large amounts of/an amount of的用法 练习
要点6 take place的用法 练习
要点7 notice的用法 练习
要点8 state/statement的用法 练习
要点9 benefit的用法 练习
要点10 avoid的用法 练习
要点11make fun of的用法 练习
要点12 not only... but also的用法 练习
要点13 attach的用法 练习
要点14 come true的用法 练习
要点15.allow的用法 练习
要点16 make sure的用法 练习
要点17 for instance的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 good、bad 和 far 的比较级与最高级；as/so…as这种结构 20
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 22
要点2 词汇短语积累 23
要点3句式积累 24
要点4实战演练 25
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
【重点短语】
1.in search of寻找
2.on foot 步行
3.a number of几个；若干
4.take place发生；进行
5.for instance 例如；比如
6.large amounts of大量的
7. come true 实现
8. be able to 能
9.attach...to...把……固定在……
10.as a result结果；因此
11.not only...but also不仅……而且……
12.international trade 国际贸易
13.depend on依靠；依赖
14.3D printer 3D 打印机
15.without doubt 毫无疑问
16.of all time自古以来；有史以来
17.make fun of取笑；拿… … 开玩笑
18 .traffic jam 堵车；交通阻塞
19.beready for 为…做好准备
【重点句式】
1.When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot.
当第一批人类在10万年前决定离开家园，寻找新的居住地和更好的食物来源时，他们都是步行的
2. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place.
人类在接下来的94000年里继续在地球上行走，直到大约6000年前发生了一些重要的变化
3. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 虽然这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物仍然是件困难的工作。
4. They soon attached wheels to horse - pulled vehicles.他们很快就在马车上装上了轮子。
5. The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing
machines. 轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还让我们能够建造各种各样的神奇机器。
6. Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel.
风车、钟表和其他机器都使用轮子，工业革命依赖于轮子。
7. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一
8. He was so busy that he didn’t notice her. 他太忙了，没有注意到她
9.I think the wheel is the most important invention because it has changed transportation around the world.
我认为轮子是最重要的发明，因为它改变了世界各地的交通。
10.The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other, but it wasn't perfect. 轮子改变了村庄、城镇甚至国家之间做生意的方式，但它并不完美。
11.As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel.
因此，在轮子出现之后，第一条石路出现了。
【精讲精练】
要点 1：although
although虽然；尽管
Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam. 虽然他很努力，但这次考试仍未及格。
【拓展】
(1)though conj. 虽然；尽管(可与although互换)
They will probably win, though no one thinks so. 他们可能会获胜，尽管没有人这样认为。
2)although/though和but不能连用。
Although he worked hard, but he failed in the exam. (×)
Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam. (√)
He worked hard, but he failed in the exam. (√)
【典例分析】
1 _______ our teacher is ill, ______ he still comes to our class to teach us.
A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Although; but D. Although; however
【答案】B although（though）虽然。。。但是。用了“although（though）就不用but。
2______ the factory is small, ______ it is the best in the town.
A. Although; and B. Although; but
C. Though; but D. Though; yet
【答案】D although（though）不能和but 一起使用，但是可以和“yet，still”连用。
3. — What was the result of the game
— We lost the game, ______ everyone played well.
A. although B. if C. because D. so
【答案】A虽然大家都很努力，我们还是输了。
二、改错
1.They went to visit Mr. Li. He wasn’t at home, although.
2.Even although she always laughs at him, he likes her.
3.Although / Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, but she kept getting them right.
【答案】1.They went to visit Mr Li. He wasn’t at home, though. (√)
though 除作连词外，还可用作副词，意思是“可是；不过；然而”，常放在句末，而although不能放句末。
2. Even though she always laughs at him, he likes her. (√)
though可以与even连用，表示强调，而although不能与even连用。
3. Although / Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, she kept getting them right. (√)
三、根据中文意思完成句子。
2 他虽然很累，但仍然继续工作。
_______ _______ _______ _______, he still went on working.
3.我的汽车虽然很旧，但跑得很快。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______, it runs very fast.
【答案】2.Though/Although he was tired 3.Though/Although my car is old
要点2 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展
that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
independence (u) 独立 --- dependence 依靠
independent adj. 独立的 ---dependent 依靠的
independently adv.独立地 ---dependently 依赖地
【典例分析】
1. —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A. gets on B. puts on C. tries on D. depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——哦，这得看天气。A. gets on上车；B. puts on穿上；C. tries on试穿；D. depends on取决于。结合本题语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
2.—What do you think of the young people today
—They ________ their parents too much. They should stand on their own feet.
A. help with B. depend on C. live on D. agree with
【答案】B
【解析】 help with 帮忙; depend on依靠; live on以……为食; agree with同意。根据“They should stand on their own feet. 他们应该自力更生”可知“他们太依赖父母了”, 故选B。
3.We're going to take a trip to Nanjing next week, but that ______ the weather.
A. tries on B. depends on C. looks up D. picks up
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：我们下周打算去南京旅行，但是那取决于天气。A试穿，B依靠，取决于，C向上看，查阅，D捡起，接。故选B。
4. —How can you be ________ without needing help or advice from other people.
—I believe myself I’m able to do things alone in my own way.
A. independent B. strong C. necessary D. different
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——如果不需要别人的帮助或建议，你怎么能独立呢？——我相信我自己，我可以用自己的方式独自完成事情。
考查形容词辨析。independent独立的；strong强壮的；necessary有必要的；different不同的。根据“I believe myself I’m able to do things alone in my own way.”可知，此处表达的是“独立”。故选A。
要点 3. invent
invent & create
invent 作为动词，意为“发明；创造”，常指发明以往没有的东西。 Thomas Edison invented many useful things in his whole life. 汤玛斯爱迪生一生中发明了很多有用的东西。
create 作为动词，意为“创造；创作”，其后常接painting, song等文艺作品。 The famous painting was created by Zhang Zeduan. 这幅名画是张择端创作的。
discover “发现或找到”某种自然界本来就存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，也可指出乎意料地发现某物。 I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer. 我在抽屉里发现了一封未拆的信。
图解辨异：discover，invent
【典例分析】
1.用discover，create和invent填空
1)Gilbert ___________ electricity and Edison ___________the electric light bulb.
【答案】discovered invented
2)Could you please tell us about the four great___________（发明）of China？
【答案】inventions
3) If you could ________ something new，what product would you develop？
【答案】invent
4) He’s a real person, not __________n a dream.
【答案】invented 虚构
5) Cai Lun ___________ the paper.
【答案】invented
6)An artist should___________ beautiful things.
【答案】discover/create
7)It is people who___________ history.
【答案】create
8). Do you know who________ the plane
【答案】invented
9) He ________ quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.
【答案】created
2.Edison, the great _______ (invent), has _______ (invent) over 1,000 _________ (invent) in his life.
【答案】：inventor　invented　inventions　爱迪生一个伟大的发明家，在他一书中发明了１０００多种发明。Inventor（发明家）　invent（动词　发明）　inventions（发明物，名词）　
3.﹣Who ____________ the wheel？
﹣I don't know. But I think the _________ and the ________ are great.
A. invented； invention； inventor B. invention；invented；inventor
C. invention；inventor；invented D. inventor；invented；invention
【答案】 A考查动词和名词. 根据提示，推测意思﹣谁发明了轮子？﹣我不知道. 但我觉得这项发明和发明家都很棒. 问句中缺谓语动词，由此用动词过去式invited. 答语中缺主语由此用名词形式invention和inventor. 可知答案. 故选：A.
4. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can______ more secrets of the universe.
A. travel B. discover C. look D. invent
【答案】B
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。travel旅游; discover发现; look看; invent发明。句意: 我们都盼望着那一天, 科学家们能够发现更多宇宙的奥秘。
5. Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America.
A. discovered； discovered B. invented； discovered
C. invented； invented D. discovered； invented
【答案】B
【解析】句意：爱迪生发明了灯泡，哥伦布发现了美洲。
考查动词词义辨析。invent意为“发明”，主要指发明世界上原本不存在的东西；discover意为“发现”，表示发现客观上已存在的事物。根据“ the light bulb”可知，灯泡是世界上原本不存在的东西，故第一空用invented；根据“America”可知，美洲是原本已经存在的事物，故第二空用discovered。故选B。
要点4 doubt
动词用法
及物动词，意为 “怀疑；不信任”
I doubt his words.（我怀疑他的话。）
接宾语从句，在否定句和疑问句中，doubt 后接 that 引导的宾语从句。如：I don't doubt that he will come.（我不怀疑他会来。）；在肯定句中，doubt 后一般接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 ，如：I doubt whether/if he will come on time.（我怀疑他是否会按时来。）
名词用法
不可数名词，意为 “怀疑；不确定”：例如：There is no doubt about his ability.（对他的能力没有疑问。）
常用短语
without doubt：“毫无疑问”，通常用于句首或句末，起强调作用 。如：
Without doubt, he is the best student in the class.（毫无疑问，他是班上最优秀的学生。）
no doubt：“无疑；很可能” 。如：He will no doubt come soon.（他很可能很快就会来。）
【典例分析】
1.I d______ whether he can finish the work on time.
【答案】doubt
2.She looked at the stranger with ______ (doubt) eyes, not sure whether to trust him or not.
【答案】doubtful
3.毫无疑问，他是这个职位的最佳人选。
______ ______, he is the best person for the position.
【答案】without doubt
4.毫无疑问，教育不发达的国家将继续贫穷。
There is that countries with undeveloped education will remain poor.
【答案】 no doubt
5.我怀疑他是否能按时到达车站。
I _________ ______ he can arrive at the station on time.
【答案】doubt if
6.I ______ if she will come to my birthday party. She is always very busy.
A. doubt B. know C. forget D. remember
【解析】doubt 意为 "怀疑"，know 意为 "知道"，forget 意为 "忘记"，remember 意为 "记得"。句意是 "我怀疑她是否会来参加我的生日派对，她总是很忙"，所以选 A。
要点5 the number of/ a number of/large amounts of/an amount of
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
(3) large amounts of ... 意为：“大量的......”。反义表达：small amounts of...
拓展：the amount of... 和an amount of...
the amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “一定量的、…数量”。
The amount of homework affects students’ free time.（作业量影响学生空闲时间。）
an amount of + 不可数名词
表示 “不确定的、泛指的数量”，相当于 “some” 或 “a certain quantity”，后接不可数名词。
强调 “大量”：a large/great/enormous amount of...（例：a large amount of data）
强调 “少量”：a small amount of...（例：a small amount of sugar）
An amount of time is needed to master a new skill.（掌握新技能需要一定时间。）
谓语动词形式
无论 the amount of 还是 an amount of，谓语动词均用单数形式，因为核心词是 “amount”（数量）。
例句：The amount of pollution in the city has decreased.城市污染量已减少。
An amount of effort is required to finish the project.完成项目需要一定努力。
【典例分析】
1.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，学习汉语的人数正在迅速增加。
考查冠词和a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法。通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a 和 an两种形式，其中 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前；而定冠词只有the一种形式；根据空后number of 和“a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法: 1、the number of意思是“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 2、a number of意思是“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词要用复数，”结合句意可知，此空应填定冠词the，故选C。
2.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
【答案】C
【解析】主谓一致法。a number of books意为“大量的书”，可知句子的谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。故选C
3. ________ students in the school is over 2, 000.________ them are from the city.
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; A number of D. A number of; The number of
【答案】A
【解析】the number of意为“……的数量”；a number of意为“许多……”。根据句意可知选A。
4.Every year, Stacy pays ________ money for renting a house and buying equipment.
A．many B．a large number of C．quite a few D．huge amounts of
【答案】D
【解析】句意：每年，Stacy 要支付巨额钱来租房和购买设备。
考查短语辨析。many许多，修饰可数名词；a large number of大量的，修饰可数名词；quite a few非常多，修饰可数名词；huge amounts of大量的，修饰不可数名词。money是不可数名词，故选D。
5．A(n) ________ of experts are looking into the matter and finding out the cause of it will take a certain ________ of time.
A．number; amount B．number; amounts C．amount; amount D．amount; number
【答案】A
【详解】句意：许多专家正在调查此事，找出原因需要一定的时间。
考查固定短语。a number of“许多”，修饰可数名词的复数形式；an amount of“许多”，修饰不可数名词。第一空修饰复数名词“experts”，用a number of；第二空修饰不可数名词“time”，用a mounat of。故选A。
6. A large amount of money ______ spent, and a number of students from the countryside _____ helped.
A．were; were B．was; was C．was; were D．were; was
【答案】C
【详解】句意：花了一大笔钱，帮助了许多来自农村的学生。
were系动词，主语是复数名词；was系动词，主语是单数或者不可数名词。第一句中主语money是不可数名词，故填was；第二句中，主语部分的中心词students是名词复数，故填were，故选C。
7.Every day, I spend ________ time doing my favorite things like drawing and reading.
A．huge amounts of B．huge amount of C．quite a few D．a huge number of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：每天，我都会花大量时间做我最喜欢的事情，比如画画和阅读。
考查短语辨析。huge amounts of大量的，修饰不可数名词；huge amount of语法错误；quite a few非常多，修饰可数名词；a large number of大量的，修饰可数名词。time是不可数名词，故选A。
要点6 take place
take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【答案】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【答案】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【答案】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
6．—________ do the Olympic Games ________
—Every four years.
A．How long; happen B．How often; happen
C．How often; take place D．How long; happen
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——奥林匹克运动会多久举行一次？——每四年一次。
考查特殊疑问句及动词辨析。How long多久；How often多久一次；happen发生；take place举办，指有计划的事情发生。根据“Every four years.”可知是询问频率，用how often提问；第二空表示运动会进行，应用take place。故选C。
要点7 notice
Notice n.注意；布告 v．注意
【重点】notice的用法
notice sb./sth. 注意到某人/某物 eg：I noticed a big hole on the floor. 我发现地板上有个大洞。
notice＋that从句 注意……　 eg：I notice that you like reading. 我注意到你喜欢读书。
notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事　 I noticed him enter the teacher's office.
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 I noticed that boy copying others' homework.
【拓展】notice作名词时，意为“布告，通告”。
例：There is a notice about our school in front of the classroom building.
在教学楼前有一则关于我们学校的通知。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you notice someone ________ the meeting room just now
—Sorry, I was making a phone call.
A．to leave B．leaves C．left D．leave
【答案】D
【解析】句意：-你注意到刚才有人离开会议室了吗？-对不起，我在打电话。
to leave离开，动词不定式；leaves第三人称单数形式；left离开，是leave的过去式；leave动词原形。句中谓语动词为notice，意为“注意到”，常用于句型notice sb. do sth.注意某人做某事。故应选D。
2.—Last night at 7 the little boy noticed a thief ________ in the supermarket.
A．steal B．to steal C．steal D．stealing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——昨晚7点，小男孩注意到一个小偷正在超市偷窃。notice sb do 注意某人做过某事。
notice sb doing sth 注意某人在做某事。故答案选D。
3.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
【答案】doing 表示看到某人正在做某事
4. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
【答案】dance 表示看到某人做了某事
5. Did you see them _________ TV just now
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. watches
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：你刚才看见他们在看电视了吗？固定用法：see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故选B。
要点8 state/statement
state 名词：意为 “状态；状况；国家；州”。
The room was in a messy state.（房间一片凌乱。）
In our country, the state provides free education.（在我们国家，国家提供免费教育。）
California is a state in the US.（加利福尼亚是美国的一个州。）
作动词：意为 “陈述；说明；声明”。例如：
The witness stated that he saw the suspect at the scene.（证人陈述说他在现场看到了嫌疑人。）
statement名词：意为 “陈述；声明；报表”。
The president made a statement about the new policy.（总统就新政策发表了声明。）
We need to check the financial statements regularly.（我们需要定期检查财务报表。）
【典例分析】
1.The country is in a good s______ of development.
【答案】state
2.The witness s______ that he knew nothing about the accident.
【答案】stated
3.The president made a formal ______ (state) about the environmental problem.
【答案】staement
4.The ______ of the economy has improved a lot this year.
A. state B. statement C. condition D. situation
【答案】A
【解析】state 强调人或事物所处的状态；statement 指声明；condition 侧重条件；situation 指具体情境。此处指经济状况，选 A。
5.The manager will ______ the new rules at the meeting tomorrow.
A. say B. speak C. state D. tell
【答案】C
【解析】state 强调正式、清楚地陈述；say 侧重说的内容；speak 侧重说话动作；tell 指告诉。此处指正式说明规则，选 C。
要点9 benefit
(1) n. benefits（复数形式最常见） 好处、益处
例：Exercise brings numerous benefits to health.运动对健康有许多好处。
(2) v. benefit（及物 / 不及物动词）
1. benefit sb./sth.（及物）：使受益
例：The new policy will benefit low-income families.（新政策将惠及低收入家庭。）
2. benefit from/by sth.（不及物）：从… 中获益
例：Students benefit greatly from interactive learning.（学生从互动学习中获益良多。）
【典例分析】
1.Regular exercise has many b______ for our bodies and minds.
【答案】benefits
2.The new park will bring many ______ to people living in this area.
A. benefits B. interests C. profits D. gains
【答案】A
【解析】benefits 指广义的好处、益处；interests 侧重利益、兴趣；profits 主要指利润；gains 指收获。此处指公园带来的各种好处，选 A。
3.Children can ______ a lot from learning to play musical instruments.
A. win B. gain C. benefit D. earn
【答案】C
【解析】benefit from 表示 "从…… 中获益"，是固定搭配；win 指赢得；gain 指获得具体事物；earn 指挣得。此处指从学习乐器中获益，选 C。
要点10
(1) avoid 作及物动词，意为“避免；防止”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
例句：We should avoid rush hours.我们应该避开高峰时间。
Students must avoid copying others’ homework.学生必须避免抄袭他人作业。
(2) 同根词：avoidable adj.可避免的；能预防的 avoidable adj. 可避免的；能预防的
【典例分析】
1.You should a______ eating too much junk food if you want to stay healthy.
【答案】avoid
2.She tried her best to avoid___________(meet) him after their argument.
【答案】meeting
3.We must ______ talking loudly in the library.
A. avoid B. stop C. prevent D. keep
【答案】A
【解析】：avoid 强调有意识地避开；stop 指停止正在做的事；prevent 侧重阻止某事发生；keep 表示保持某种状态。此处指避免在图书馆大声说话，选 A。
要点11
make fun of意为 “取笑；嘲弄；开玩笑”，后接宾语（人或事物），用于描述以幽默或嘲讽的方式调侃他人或事物。
近义表达：make a fool of； laugh at，play a joke on, make jokes about, play a trick on
【典例分析】
嘲笑别人的缺点是不礼貌的。
It's impolite to ______ ______ ______ others' shortcomings.
【答案】make fun of
我们不应该因为他口吃而取笑他。
We shouldn't ______ ______ ______ him because of his stutter.
【答案】make fun of
要点 12
①not only... but also: 意为“不仅......而且”。用于连接两个并列的成分，表示递进关系。
1.连接并列谓语
当连接两个谓语动词时，时态需保持一致。
例：She not only studies hard, but also participates in many activities.（她不仅学习努力，还参加很多活动。）
2.连接并列主语
遵循 “就近原则”，谓语动词与 but also 后的主语一致。
例：Not only the students but also the teacher is excited about the trip.（不仅学生，老师也对这次旅行感到兴奋。）
3.连接并列句子
not only 置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提前），but also 后的句子不倒装。
例：Not only did he finish the work, but he also helped others.（他不仅完成了工作，还帮助了别人。）
4.省略与简化
but also 可省略为 but 或 also，口语中更常见。
例：He not only likes reading, but enjoys writing.（他不仅喜欢阅读，还喜欢写作。）
【典例分析】
1.她不仅会唱歌，而且会弹钢琴。
She can ______ ______ sing ______ ______ play the piano.
【答案】not only... but also
2.这个新公园不仅美丽，而且很受孩子们欢迎。
This new park is ______ ______ beautiful ______ ______ very popular with children.
【答案】not only... but also
3.不仅他的父母，而且他自己也想去参加这个音乐会。
Not only his parents_______ _________ he ______ (want) to go to the concert.
【答案】but also wants
4.You can ______ take the bus ______ ride a bike to get to the park – both ways are convenient.
A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor
【答案】C
【解析】either...or... 表示 “要么…… 要么……”，指两者选择关系；not only...but also... 表示 “不仅…… 而且……”，表递进；both...and... 表示 “两者都”，连接并列成分作主语时谓语用复数；neither...nor... 表示 “既不…… 也不……”。此处指两种交通方式选其一，选 C。
5. ______ my brother ______ my sister like playing basketball – they are both on the school team.
A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor
【答案】B
【解析】both...and... 表示 “两者都”，连接两个主语时谓语动词用复数；not only...but also... 连接主语时遵循就近原则；either...or... 和 neither...nor... 也遵循就近原则。此处谓语动词是 like（原形），且表示两人都喜欢，选 B。
要点13
attach的基本用法
1.vt.安装；固定；连接
基本结构：attach sth. to sth.（把某物安装 / 固定到某物上）
例：They attached wheels to the cart.（他们把轮子装到马车上。）
例：Attach the photo to the application form.（把照片贴在申请表上。）
【拓展运用】
2.vt.使附属；使隶属于
结构：attach sb./sth. to sth.（使某人 / 物附属于……）
例：The research unit is attached to the university.（该研究单位附属于这所大学。）
例：She attached herself to the local charity group.（她加入了当地慈善团体。）
结构：be attached to sb./sth.
含义：① 依恋；喜爱（情感层面） ② 附属于；与…… 相连（物理 / 组织层面）
例：She is deeply attached to her hometown.（她深爱自己的家乡。）
例：The hospital is attached to a medical school.（这家医院附属于一所医学院。）
4.vt.重视；认为…… 有重要性
结构：attach importance/significance to sth.（重视某物）
例：Parents often attach great importance to their children’s education.（父母常高度重视孩子的教育。）
例：The company attaches significance to environmental protection.（这家公司重视环境保护。）
【典例分析】
1.Please a______ the receipt to your expense report before submitting it.
2.The old photo album ______ many happy memories of my childhood.
A. attaches B. connects C. links D. combines
【答案】B
【解析】这本旧相册与我童年的许多美好回忆相关联。
A. attaches 意为 “使依附，把…… 固定”；B. connects 意为 “连接，联系”，强调事物之间的关联；C. links 意为 “连接，联系”，更侧重于两者之间的连接关系；D. combines 意为 “结合，联合”。
此处指相册和回忆之间的关联，“connects” 更符合语境，强调两者之间的联系，而 “attaches” 侧重于将某物固定到另一物上，不符合此处语义，所以选 B。
3.Our school ______ a special research center focusing on environmental studies.
A. attaches B. belongs C. attaches to D. is attached to
【答案】D
【解析】我们学校附设有一个专注于环境研究的特殊研究中心。
A. attaches 意为 “使依附”；B. belongs 意为 “属于”；C. attaches to 意为 “依附于”；D. is attached to 意为 “附属于”。 句子表达的是研究中心附属于学校，“be attached to” 有 “附属于” 的意思，符合语境，且此处应用被动语态，所以选 D。
4. Parents should ______ equal importance to their children's mental health and academic performance.
A. attach B. pay C. give D. make
【答案】A
【解析】父母应该同等重视孩子的心理健康和学业成绩。
A. attach 意为 “重视”，“attach importance to” 是固定搭配，意为 “重视”；B. pay 意为 “支付”；C. give 意为 “给予”；D. make 意为 “制作”。 “attach importance to” 是固定短语，符合 “重视” 的语义，其他选项没有这样的搭配和用法，所以选 A。
5.工人们把一块新牌子固定在了墙上。
Workers ______ a new sign ______ the wall.
【答案】attach...to...
6.这家研究所隶属于当地一所著名的大学。
The research institute _____________ a famous local university.
【答案】is attached to
7.他非常重视与同事们建立良好的工作关系。
He ______________ establishing good working relationships with his colleagues.
【答案】attach importance to
要点14
come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。
I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.
His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
是否接宾语 用法
achieve 是 主语一般为“人”
come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2. He wants to be a pilot. I think his dream will _____ in the future.
A. come in B. come out C. come over D. come true
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他想当飞行员。我认为他的梦想将来会实现。A. come in进来；B. come out出来；C. come over 战胜；D. come true实现。根据上文His wants to be a pilot.可知下文是说梦想实现。根据题意，故选D。
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
【答案】achievement
要点15 allow
allow v.允许;准许
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 She doesn’t allow me to smoke here. 他不允许我在这吸烟。 be (not) allowed to do sth. (不)被允许做某事 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不允许吸烟。 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 We don’t allow smoking in public places. 我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。
【典例分析】
1. Drivers shouldn't be allowed___________ after drinking，or they will break the law.
A. drive　　 B. driving　　 C. to drive D. drove
【答案】C。
【解析】allow sb to do 允许某人做某事。其被动形式。Be allowed to do sth. 故答案选C。
2. We don’t allow ________ in the library.
A . make B. making C. to make D. made
【答案】B
【解析】allow doing sth. 允许做某事。故答案选B
3.My mother ______us ______TV after we finished our homework.
A. allow; watch B. allow; watching C. allowed; to watch D. allowed; watching
【答案】C
【解析】：句意： 我们做完作业后，妈妈允许我们看电视。根据 after we finished our homework，可知时态是一般过去时，allow sb to do，固定搭配，允许某人做某事，故选C。
4.完成句子
1）事实不允许有其他的解释。
The facts_________ no other explanation.
【答案】allow
2）这项规定不允许在教室吃东西。
The rule doesn't allow __________ in the classrooms.
【答案】eating
3）我父母不允许我晚上出去。
My parents don't _______ _______ ________go out at night.
=I ________ _________ _________ ________go out at night by my parents.
【答案】allow me to am not allowed to
要点16 make sure
make sure 确信,有把握
Make sure he writes it down. 让他一定记下来。
【考点聚焦】1)make sure后常接从句;
常见搭配:
be sure to do sth. 一定要做……;
be sure of sth.对……有把握;
be sure that从句,相信……
【典例分析】
1.选词填空make sure/be sure (to)
1)I Mr. Liu is right.
2) that you have got the tickets.
3) come to my party next week.
【答案】am sure 2.Make sure 3.Be sure to
2. ________ to close the windows before you go out.
A. Making sure B. Is sure C. Make sure D. Sure
【答案】C
【解析】句意：出去之前确定关好窗户。
本题考查祈使句。祈使句要以动词原形开头，A Making sure是现在分词形式，B Is sure的动词原形应该是be，C Make sure是动词原形，D Sure是副词，不是动词，故选C。
3. There are not many tickets left for the movie. You have to________ that you get one today.
A. make use of B. make up C. make a face D. make sure
【答案】D
【解析】句意：那部电影剩下的票不多了。你必须确保你今天得到一张。
考查动词短语。make use of利用；make up构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸；make sure确保。根据“There are not many tickets left for the movie.”可知，此处表示票不多了，要确保能得到一张，故选D。
要点17 For instance
For instance是英语中常用的连接词，相当于 “for example”，用于举例说明前文提到的观点或情况，使表述更具体、易懂。且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
拓展：
such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但
such as后边不能用逗号。
例如：
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。
【典例分析】
1. Many students have different hobbies _________________ collecting stamps, swimming, singing.
A. for example B. such as C. as D. as examples
【答案】B
【解析】句意：许多的学生都有着不同的兴趣爱好，例如收集邮票、游泳和唱歌。考查易混短语辨析。such as……：例如，比如（列举同类事物中的几个作为例子，后接名词）；for example：例如（列举同类事物中的一个作为例子，后接一个句子）；根据句尾的动名词性质。故选B。
2. 用for instance, such as或like填空
1) He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2)The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3) Mary is __________ her father.
4)He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5) English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
【答案】1.for instance 2.for instance 3.like 4.such as 5.such as
3.Students have many problems nowadays. ________, they often feel worried before an exam.
A．For instance B．Such as C．Like D．As for
【答案】A
【解析】句意：学生们有很多难题。例如，他们经常在考试前感到担心。
考查介词短语。For instance例如，用逗号和句子隔开；Such as例如，列举多个例子；是对前面某个词的举例； Like像，As for关于。此处列举问题，且表示“例如”，空后有逗号，接句子，用For instance。故选A。
知识要点二、语法
A. good, bad 和far的比较级及最高级
学习good，bad和far 的比较级及最高级。这三个单词的比较级及最高级是特殊变化形式，没有规律可
循，需要记忆。请看下表：
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther / further farthest / furthest
注意：farther 和further 都是far 的比较级，两者的区别如下：
farther 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”
further 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”，可与farther互换
指程度上“更进一步；更深远”
例如：Guangzhou is farther / further from Beijing than Shanghai is.
比起上海，广州离北京更远。
We are waiting for the further report about the weather.我们正在等待进一步的天气报道。
He studied much further in this subject than any other student in his class.
在这个学科上，他学得比班上其他学生深入得多了。
B. (not) as ... as
1.as ... as 意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。
使用时要注意第一个as 为副词，第二个as 为连词。
其基本结构为as +形容词或副词原级+ as。
例如：This game is as interesting as that one. 这个游戏和那个一样有趣。
2.其否定式为not as / so +形容词或副词原级+as，意为“不如……”。
例如：This car is not as / so expensive as that one. 这辆轿车不如那辆贵。
3.若有修饰成分，如a quarter，half，twice，three times 等，则须置于第一个as 之前。
例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
【典例分析】
1.This is__________ (good) film I have ever seen.
2. I am as__________ (young) as her.
3.I will have a__________ (far) study of the plant this year.
4.I want__________ (much) rice. Tm still hungry now.
5.Who drank__________ (little) milk, Lily, Mary or Tom
6.The sootier you are, the________ (good) it will be.
7.My__________ (old) sister is three years __________ (old) than me.
8.He is__________ (bad) at Maths. He is much__________ (bad) at Chinese and his English is__________ (bad) of all the subjects.
9.Whose home is__________ (far) from the supermarket, Jack’s, Jim’s or Tim’s
10.He is not as__________ (tall) as his brother.
【答案】1. the best 2. young 3. further 4. more 5. the least
6. better 7. elder; older 8. bad; worse; the worst 9. the farthest 10. tall
二、完成句子
１.我现在的感觉比昨天更糟。
Now I’m feeling yesterday.
２.博物馆比电影院离我家更远。
The museum is from my home the cinema is.
３. 这盏灯没有那盏便宜。
　This lamp is that one.
４. 我收集的邮票和李华的一样多。
　I collect stamps Li Hua does.
５.我的零花钱没有你多。
　I don’t have pocket money you.
【答案】1.worse　than　　２.farther　than　　３.not expensive　　４. as many as　（stamps　可数名词）　５.as much as （pocket money不可数名词）
知识要点三、书面表达
【话题分析】
学生通过主篇章的 学习认识到伟大的发明可以改变人类生活、推动社会进步，同时也进一步了解了如何介绍发明的一般方法。本节课是写作课，主要输入语篇与输出语篇均为对“发明” 的介绍，重点围绕发明的背景（原因）、发明的外观、独特性、功能、重要意义等方面展开，有利于学生内化说明性语篇的结构化知识，也便于教师开展“整体输入——整体互动——整体输出”的整体教学设计。写作板块要求学生借助“思维导图”构思，并仿照范文的框架结构，充分发挥想象力，设计出富有创意的发明并写一篇短文介绍自己的新发明。
写作步骤
1. 确定主题与框架：
明确要介绍的发明是什么“What it is”，比如文中先点明 “My invention is a flying car.” ，清晰给出发明物。
2. 描述外观特征：阐述发明的样子
“What it looks like”，像 “The flying car has four wheels and two wings.” ，从组成部件等方面介绍外观。
3. 说明功能作用：
介绍发明能做什么“What it can do”，例如 “It can run on land and fly in the air. It has a top speed of 300 km/h... The car can be controlled by voice.” ，讲运行速度、操控方式等功能 。
4. 阐述优势好处：
提及发明带来的益处“Benefits of my invention” ，如 “It is fast, convenient and green... My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. It will make driving a more exciting experience too.” ，从环保、缓解交通、提升体验等角度说好处 。
5. 总结收尾：
可简单总结发明的价值，让内容完整，比如文中虽未单独总结句，但整体围绕发明的价值展开描述，也可补充类似 “This flying car will surely bring great changes to people's travel and life.” 这样的句子强化收尾。
【词语积累】
1. 第一个实用的发明 _________________
2. 最重要的发明之一 _________________
3.. 使生活变得更加便利 _________________
4.几个；若干_________________
5.发生；进行_________________
6. 例如；比如 _________________
7.不仅……而且……_________________
8.依靠；依赖 _________________
9.毫无疑问 _________________
10.自古以来；有史以来_________________
【答案】1. the first practical invention 2.one of the most important inventions 3 make our life more convenient 4.a number of 5.take place 6.for instance 7.not only...but al 8.depend on 9.without doubt
10.of all time
【句式积累】
1. 我的发明是一辆飞行汽车，它快速、方便、环保。
My invention is a flying car, It is fast, convenient and green.
2.电脑是上世纪最伟大的发明之一。早期的电脑和房间一样大。
Computer is one of the greatest inventions in the last century. Early computers were as big as a room.
3.电脑变得越来越小且越来越便宜。现在，电脑在人们日常生活中被广泛地使用。
Computer is becoming smaller and puters are widely used in people's daily life now.
4.越来越多的公司开始研制电动汽车。
More and more companies start developing electric cars.
5. 在车轮发明之后，旅行变得更加迅捷、更加舒适。
After the invention of a wheel, travelling became faster and more comfortable.
6. 电话有助于人们互相保持联系。今天，遍及世界各地，数以万计的人有自己的手机。
Telephones help people keep in touch with each other. Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones.
7.这款智能手表不仅可以报时，还是我们生活中的得力助手。它既时尚又实用。我认为这将为所有年龄段的人带来便利和幸福。
This smart watch is not only a thing to tell time but a helpful partner in our life. It has both fashion and practical use. I think it will bring convenience and happiness to people of all ages.
8.轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还让我们能够建造各种各样的神奇机器。
The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines.
9. 毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一
Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
10. 有了电灯，人们可以在晚上做和白天一样多的事情。
With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
【实战演练】
（1）
假设你是阳光中学学生李华。学校正在举办科技节，你参加以“科技改变生活”为主题的演讲比赛，介绍一项你的一项发明。用英语写一篇演讲稿，包含以下信息。
1. 介绍你的发明；
2. 指出其用途和你喜欢的原因；
3. 它对你有什么作用和影响。
要求：1. 80词左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3. 条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范；
4. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Hello, everyone!
I am Li Hua in Class 1, Grade 8 from Sunshine Middle School. It’s a great honor for me to speak here.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hello, everyone!
I am Li Hua in Class 1, Grade 8 from Sunshine Middle School. It’s a great honor for me to speak here.
My invention is a smart watch. It is nice - looking, has many uses and is easy to use.
The smart watch has a round touch - screen and a light band. We can wear it on the wrist comfortably.
It has many useful functions. First, it can show the time correctly. Also, it can check our health. It can measure our heart rate and know our sleep quality. It has a GPS inside. When we are lost, it can help us find the way. And it lets us get calls and messages on the watch directly. So we don't need to take out our phones every time.
The smart watch is good in many ways. In our daily life, it makes life more convenient. For students, it can remind us of important study tasks and plans. For old people, the health - checking function is very helpful. It can be charged and the battery lasts long. So we don't need to worry about charging it often.
This smart watch is not only a thing to tell time but a helpful partner in our life. It has both fashion and practical use. I think it will bring convenience and happiness to people of all ages.
That’s all for my speech. Thank you!
（2）
科技改变世界，各种发明让我们的生活越来越便捷，假设你是校英语报社的编辑，报社以“你心中最伟大的发明”为主题面向全校学生做了调查，以下是获得票数最多的三项发明，请为校英语报写一篇稿件报道调查结果并发表你的观点。
发明 轮子 纸 电脑
投票比例 26% 20% 18%
简介 已有数千年历史；方便人们出行 中国古代四大发明之一；对人类文化传播有重要作用 ……
你的观点 ……
参考词汇：传播 spread
要求：
1. 结构完整，要点齐全，可适当发挥；
2. 表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰；
3. 文中不能出现任何真实的人名、校名等信息；
4. 词数80左右。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Many inventions have greatly changed our life. Last week, we did a survey on “What’s the greatest invention ” in our school, and here is the result.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Many inventions have greatly changed our life. Last week, we did a survey on “What’s the greatest invention ” in our school, and here is the result.
26% of the students chose “Wheel” as the greatest invention. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. With the help of wheels, travelling became faster and more comfortable. “Paper” was the choice of one fifth of the students. As is known to all, paper-making was one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It plays an important role in spreading human culture. 18% of the students held a view that “computer” was the greatest puters not only help us to calculate at a fast speed, but also do important jobs like operating railways.
I think all these inventions are very useful and make our life more convenient. But I think the Internet is the greatest. The world becomes smaller and smaller with the Internet.
（3）
我校第一届创客节于上周落幕，八年级的李华同学在本次创客节中发明了一个AI机器人并获得了一等奖的好成绩。假如你是校英语报的记者，请根据以下提示写一篇新闻稿，介绍李华的作品，要点如下：
外观 有两条长手臂，脸是一块屏幕，和学生一样高
功能 1. 会做家务 2. 教学生学英语 3. ……(自行补充)
意义 1. 鼓励学生使用新科技 2. ……(自行补充)
要求：
1. 不少于80词(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯；
4. 卷面整洁、书写规范。
参考词汇: screen 屏幕 n. function 功能 n. technology 科技 n.
Last week, Li Hua from the 8th grade invented an AI robot and won the first prize at the Invention Festival.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文：
Last week, Li Hua from the 8th grade invented an AI robot and won the first prize at the Invention Festival. Li Hua’s invention is an AI robot. In terms of appearance, it has two long arms. Its face is a screen, and it is as tall as a student.
When it comes to functions, this robot is truly amazing. Firstly, it can do housework such as cleaning the floor, washing dishes, which can greatly relieve the burden on family members. Secondly, it is an excellent English teacher for students. It can teach students English grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary through interesting interactive games. Moreover, it can also act as a study companion. It can answer various questions about different subjects like mathematics, science and history, helping students with their homework and self-study.
The invention of this robot has great significance. On one hand, it encourages students to use new technologies. On the other hand, it shows that students have unlimited creativity. We look forward to seeing more creative inventions from our students in the future.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：一般现在时为主；
③提示：根据题干所给材料详细地介绍李华发明的AI机器人，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，点出活动的时间和李华取得了好成绩；
第二步，详细地介绍AI机器人的外观、功能；
第三步，介绍AI机器人的作用。
[亮点词汇]
①In terms of就……而言
②When it comes to当提到……
③act as扮演
④On one hand...On the other hand一方面……另一方面
[高分句型]
Firstly, it can do housework such as cleaning the floor, washing dishes, which can greatly relieve the burden on family members. (定语从句)
（4）
假设你是李华，你的学校举办了一个“未来发明家”的征文比赛，你的发明是一种能够帮助学生学习的工具，你的征文获得了一等奖。请你根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的英文获奖感言，包含以下内容：
1.发明的东西及外观； 2.该项发明的功能； 3.参加比赛的收获。
Hello everyone,
I’m Li Hua. I’m really happy that I have won the first prize in the essay competition.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Hello everyone,
I’m Li Hua. I’m really happy that I have won the first prize in the essay competition. I would like to share my unique invention with you in details.
My invention is a super schoolbag, which is practical, convenient and green. Interestingly, it is as small as an English textbook. And it is light and easy to carry. Besides, it only uses solar power to work, so it is friendly to the environment. It is amazing. Moreover, I can put some books in my super schoolbag, and it can communicate with me. What’s more, the schoolbag can remind me to get up and go to bed on time so that I am not late for school. Especially, when I face some problems of learning, it can help me to solve them at a fast speed and provide some useful suggestions for me to find out my mistakes in learning.
To sum up, I’m so glad to be the winner in the competition and I hope my invention will help students live a better campus life in the future.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇发言稿；
②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主；
③提示：写作要点已给出，应注意不要遗漏提示的要点，在每个要点下要适当增加细节，使表述内容更完整。
[写作步骤]
第一步，作文开头已给出，应领悟首句内容衔接好下文；
第二步，具体介绍发明物品的外观、功能，并进一步介绍这个发明给自己带来的帮助；
第三步，总结上文，抒发自己获奖心得。
[亮点词汇]
①as small as和……一样小
②is friendly to the environment对环境友好
③communicate with sb.和某人交流
④live a better campus life过上更好的校园生活
[高分句型]
①What’s more, the schoolbag can remind me to get up and go to bed on time so that I am not late for school. (so that引导目的状语从句)
②Especially, when I face some problems of learning, it can help me to solve them at a fast speed and provide some useful suggestions for me to find out my mistakes in learning. (when引导时间状语从句)
2 / 2/ 让教学更有效 精品试卷 | 英语学科
Unit 4 Inventions
单元小结
知识目录
学习目标：阅读一篇关于伟大发明的文章。理解发明对人类产生重大影响，推动人类发展和进步，能够阅读这方面的文章。
语法目标：学习如何使用 good、bad 和 far 的比较级与最高级；学习as/so…as这种结构。
听说目标：听5种有趣发明的广告；学习使用升调；谈论对你和你的家人而言最有用的发明。
写作目标：写一篇关于你要创造的新发明的短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 although的用法 练习
要点2 depend/depend on的用法 练习
要点3 invent的用法 练习
要点4 doubt的用法 练习
要点5 the number of/ a number of/large amounts of/an amount of的用法 练习
要点6 take place的用法 练习
要点7 notice的用法 练习
要点8 state/statement的用法 练习
要点9 benefit的用法 练习
要点10 avoid的用法 练习
要点11make fun of的用法 练习
要点12 not only... but also的用法 练习
要点13 attach的用法 练习
要点14 come true的用法 练习
要点15.allow的用法 练习
要点16 make sure的用法 练习
要点17 for instance的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 good、bad 和 far 的比较级与最高级；as/so…as这种结构 20
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 22
要点2 词汇短语积累 23
要点3句式积累 24
要点4实战演练 25
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
【重点短语】
1.in search of寻找
2.on foot 步行
3.a number of几个；若干
4.take place发生；进行
5.for instance 例如；比如
6.large amounts of大量的
7. come true 实现
8. be able to 能
9.attach...to...把……固定在……
10.as a result结果；因此
11.not only...but also不仅……而且……
12.international trade 国际贸易
13.depend on依靠；依赖
14.3D printer 3D 打印机
15.without doubt 毫无疑问
16.of all time自古以来；有史以来
17.make fun of取笑；拿… … 开玩笑
18 .traffic jam 堵车；交通阻塞
19.beready for 为…做好准备
【重点句式】
1.When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot.
当第一批人类在10万年前决定离开家园，寻找新的居住地和更好的食物来源时，他们都是步行的
2. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place.
人类在接下来的94000年里继续在地球上行走，直到大约6000年前发生了一些重要的变化
3. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 虽然这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物仍然是件困难的工作。
4. They soon attached wheels to horse - pulled vehicles.他们很快就在马车上装上了轮子。
5. The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing
machines. 轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还让我们能够建造各种各样的神奇机器。
6. Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel.
风车、钟表和其他机器都使用轮子，工业革命依赖于轮子。
7. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一
8. He was so busy that he didn’t notice her. 他太忙了，没有注意到她
9.I think the wheel is the most important invention because it has changed transportation around the world.
我认为轮子是最重要的发明，因为它改变了世界各地的交通。
10.The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other, but it wasn't perfect. 轮子改变了村庄、城镇甚至国家之间做生意的方式，但它并不完美。
11.As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel.
因此，在轮子出现之后，第一条石路出现了。
【精讲精练】
要点 1：although
although虽然；尽管
Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam. 虽然他很努力，但这次考试仍未及格。
【拓展】
(1)though conj. 虽然；尽管(可与although互换)
They will probably win, though no one thinks so. 他们可能会获胜，尽管没有人这样认为。
2)although/though和but不能连用。
Although he worked hard, but he failed in the exam. (×)
Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam. (√)
He worked hard, but he failed in the exam. (√)
【典例分析】
1 _______ our teacher is ill, ______ he still comes to our class to teach us.
A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Although; but D. Although; however
2______ the factory is small, ______ it is the best in the town.
A. Although; and B. Although; but
C. Though; but D. Though; yet
3. — What was the result of the game
— We lost the game, ______ everyone played well.
A. although B. if C. because D. so
二、改错
1.They went to visit Mr. Li. He wasn’t at home, although.
2.Even although she always laughs at him, he likes her.
3.Although / Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, but she kept getting them right.
三、根据中文意思完成句子。
2 他虽然很累，但仍然继续工作。
_______ _______ _______ _______, he still went on working.
3.我的汽车虽然很旧，但跑得很快。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______, it runs very fast.
要点2 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展
that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
independence (u) 独立 --- dependence 依靠
independent adj. 独立的 ---dependent 依靠的
independently adv.独立地 ---dependently 依赖地
【典例分析】
1. —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A. gets on B. puts on C. tries on D. depends on
2.—What do you think of the young people today
—They ________ their parents too much. They should stand on their own feet.
A. help with B. depend on C. live on D. agree with
3.We're going to take a trip to Nanjing next week, but that ______ the weather.
A. tries on B. depends on C. looks up D. picks up
4. —How can you be ________ without needing help or advice from other people.
—I believe myself I’m able to do things alone in my own way.
A. independent B. strong C. necessary D. different
要点 3. invent
invent & create
invent 作为动词，意为“发明；创造”，常指发明以往没有的东西。 Thomas Edison invented many useful things in his whole life. 汤玛斯爱迪生一生中发明了很多有用的东西。
create 作为动词，意为“创造；创作”，其后常接painting, song等文艺作品。 The famous painting was created by Zhang Zeduan. 这幅名画是张择端创作的。
discover “发现或找到”某种自然界本来就存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，也可指出乎意料地发现某物。 I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer. 我在抽屉里发现了一封未拆的信。
图解辨异：discover，invent
【典例分析】
1.用discover，create和invent填空
1)Gilbert ___________ electricity and Edison ___________the electric light bulb.
our great___________（发明）of China？
3) If you could ________ something new，what product would you develop？
4) He’s a real person, not __________n a dream.
5) Cai Lun ___________ the paper.
6)An artist should___________ beautiful things.
7)It is people who___________ history.
8). Do you know who________ the plane
9) He ________ quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.
2.Edison, the great _______ (invent), has _______ (invent) over 1,000 _________ (invent) in his life.
3.﹣Who ____________ the wheel？
﹣I don't know. But I think the _________ and the ________ are great.
A. invented； invention； inventor B. invention；invented；inventor
C. invention；inventor；invented D. inventor；invented；invention
4. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can______ more secrets of the universe.
A. travel B. discover C. look D. invent
5. Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America.
A. discovered； discovered B. invented； discovered
C. invented； invented D. discovered； invented
要点4 doubt
动词用法
及物动词，意为 “怀疑；不信任”
I doubt his words.（我怀疑他的话。）
接宾语从句，在否定句和疑问句中，doubt 后接 that 引导的宾语从句。如：I don't doubt that he will come.（我不怀疑他会来。）；在肯定句中，doubt 后一般接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 ，如：I doubt whether/if he will come on time.（我怀疑他是否会按时来。）
名词用法
不可数名词，意为 “怀疑；不确定”：例如：There is no doubt about his ability.（对他的能力没有疑问。）
常用短语
without doubt：“毫无疑问”，通常用于句首或句末，起强调作用 。如：
Without doubt, he is the best student in the class.（毫无疑问，他是班上最优秀的学生。）
no doubt：“无疑；很可能” 。如：He will no doubt come soon.（他很可能很快就会来。）
【典例分析】
1.I d______ whether he can finish the work on time.
2.She looked at the stranger with ______ (doubt) eyes, not sure whether to trust him or not.
3.毫无疑问，他是这个职位的最佳人选。
______ ______, he is the best person for the position.
4.毫无疑问，教育不发达的国家将继续贫穷。
There is that countries with undeveloped education will remain poor.
5.我怀疑他是否能按时到达车站。
I _________ ______ he can arrive at the station on time.
6.I ______ if she will come to my birthday party. She is always very busy.
A. doubt B. know C. forget D. remember
要点5 the number of/ a number of/large amounts of/an amount of
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
(3) large amounts of ... 意为：“大量的......”。反义表达：small amounts of...
拓展：the amount of... 和an amount of...
the amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “一定量的、…数量”。
The amount of homework affects students’ free time.（作业量影响学生空闲时间。）
an amount of + 不可数名词
表示 “不确定的、泛指的数量”，相当于 “some” 或 “a certain quantity”，后接不可数名词。
强调 “大量”：a large/great/enormous amount of...（例：a large amount of data）
强调 “少量”：a small amount of...（例：a small amount of sugar）
An amount of time is needed to master a new skill.（掌握新技能需要一定时间。）
谓语动词形式
无论 the amount of 还是 an amount of，谓语动词均用单数形式，因为核心词是 “amount”（数量）。
例句：The amount of pollution in the city has decreased.城市污染量已减少。
An amount of effort is required to finish the project.完成项目需要一定努力。
【典例分析】
1.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
2.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
3. ________ students in the school is over 2, 000.________ them are from the city.
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; A number of D. A number of; The number of
4.Every year, Stacy pays ________ money for renting a house and buying equipment.
A．many B．a large number of C．quite a few D．huge amounts of
5．A(n) ________ of experts are looking into the matter and finding out the cause of it will take a certain ________ of time.
A．number; amount B．number; amounts C．amount; amount D．amount; number
6. A large amount of money ______ spent, and a number of students from the countryside _____ helped.
A．were; were B．was; was C．was; were D．were; was
7.Every day, I spend ________ time doing my favorite things like drawing and reading.
A．huge amounts of B．huge amount of C．quite a few D．a huge number of
要点6 take place
take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
5. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
6．—________ do the Olympic Games ________
—Every four years.
A．How long; happen B．How often; happen
C．How often; take place D．How long; happen
要点7 notice
Notice n.注意；布告 v．注意
【重点】notice的用法
notice sb./sth. 注意到某人/某物 eg：I noticed a big hole on the floor. 我发现地板上有个大洞。
notice＋that从句 注意……　 eg：I notice that you like reading. 我注意到你喜欢读书。
notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事　 I noticed him enter the teacher's office.
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 I noticed that boy copying others' homework.
【拓展】notice作名词时，意为“布告，通告”。
例：There is a notice about our school in front of the classroom building.
在教学楼前有一则关于我们学校的通知。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you notice someone ________ the meeting room just now
—Sorry, I was making a phone call.
A．to leave B．leaves C．left D．leave
2.—Last night at 7 the little boy noticed a thief ________ in the supermarket.
A．steal B．to steal C．steal D．stealing
3.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
4. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
5. Did you see them _________ TV just now
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. watches
要点8 state/statement
state 名词：意为 “状态；状况；国家；州”。
The room was in a messy state.（房间一片凌乱。）
In our country, the state provides free education.（在我们国家，国家提供免费教育。）
California is a state in the US.（加利福尼亚是美国的一个州。）
作动词：意为 “陈述；说明；声明”。例如：
The witness stated that he saw the suspect at the scene.（证人陈述说他在现场看到了嫌疑人。）
statement名词：意为 “陈述；声明；报表”。
The president made a statement about the new policy.（总统就新政策发表了声明。）
We need to check the financial statements regularly.（我们需要定期检查财务报表。）
【典例分析】
1.The country is in a good s______ of development.
2.The witness s______ that he knew nothing about the accident.
3.The president made a formal ______ (state) about the environmental problem.
4.The ______ of the economy has improved a lot this year.
A. state B. statement C. condition D. situation
5.The manager will ______ the new rules at the meeting tomorrow.
A. say B. speak C. state D. tell
要点9 benefit
(1) n. benefits（复数形式最常见） 好处、益处
例：Exercise brings numerous benefits to health.运动对健康有许多好处。
(2) v. benefit（及物 / 不及物动词）
1. benefit sb./sth.（及物）：使受益
例：The new policy will benefit low-income families.（新政策将惠及低收入家庭。）
2. benefit from/by sth.（不及物）：从… 中获益
例：Students benefit greatly from interactive learning.（学生从互动学习中获益良多。）
【典例分析】
1.Regular exercise has many b______ for our bodies and minds.
2.The new park will bring many ______ to people living in this area.
A. benefits B. interests C. profits D. gains
3.Children can ______ a lot from learning to play musical instruments.
A. win B. gain C. benefit D. earn
要点10
(1) avoid 作及物动词，意为“避免；防止”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
例句：We should avoid rush hours.我们应该避开高峰时间。
Students must avoid copying others’ homework.学生必须避免抄袭他人作业。
(2) 同根词：avoidable adj.可避免的；能预防的 avoidable adj. 可避免的；能预防的
【典例分析】
1.You should a______ eating too much junk food if you want to stay healthy.
2.She tried her best to avoid___________(meet) him after their argument.
3.We must ______ talking loudly in the library.
A. avoid B. stop C. prevent D. keep
要点11
make fun of意为 “取笑；嘲弄；开玩笑”，后接宾语（人或事物），用于描述以幽默或嘲讽的方式调侃他人或事物。
近义表达：make a fool of； laugh at，play a joke on, make jokes about, play a trick on
【典例分析】
嘲笑别人的缺点是不礼貌的。
It's impolite to ______ ______ ______ others' shortcomings.
我们不应该因为他口吃而取笑他。
We shouldn't ______ ______ ______ him because of his stutter.
要点 12
①not only... but also: 意为“不仅......而且”。用于连接两个并列的成分，表示递进关系。
1.连接并列谓语
当连接两个谓语动词时，时态需保持一致。
例：She not only studies hard, but also participates in many activities.（她不仅学习努力，还参加很多活动。）
2.连接并列主语
遵循 “就近原则”，谓语动词与 but also 后的主语一致。
例：Not only the students but also the teacher is excited about the trip.（不仅学生，老师也对这次旅行感到兴奋。）
3.连接并列句子
not only 置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提前），but also 后的句子不倒装。
例：Not only did he finish the work, but he also helped others.（他不仅完成了工作，还帮助了别人。）
4.省略与简化
but also 可省略为 but 或 also，口语中更常见。
例：He not only likes reading, but enjoys writing.（他不仅喜欢阅读，还喜欢写作。）
【典例分析】
1.她不仅会唱歌，而且会弹钢琴。
She can ______ ______ sing ______ ______ play the piano.
2.这个新公园不仅美丽，而且很受孩子们欢迎。
This new park is ______ ______ beautiful ______ ______ very popular with children.
3.不仅他的父母，而且他自己也想去参加这个音乐会。
Not only his parents_______ _________ he ______ (want) to go to the concert.
4.You can ______ take the bus ______ ride a bike to get to the park – both ways are convenient.
A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor
5. ______ my brother ______ my sister like playing basketball – they are both on the school team.
A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor
要点13
attach的基本用法
1.vt.安装；固定；连接
基本结构：attach sth. to sth.（把某物安装 / 固定到某物上）
例：They attached wheels to the cart.（他们把轮子装到马车上。）
例：Attach the photo to the application form.（把照片贴在申请表上。）
【拓展运用】
2.vt.使附属；使隶属于
结构：attach sb./sth. to sth.（使某人 / 物附属于……）
例：The research unit is attached to the university.（该研究单位附属于这所大学。）
例：She attached herself to the local charity group.（她加入了当地慈善团体。）
结构：be attached to sb./sth.
含义：① 依恋；喜爱（情感层面） ② 附属于；与…… 相连（物理 / 组织层面）
例：She is deeply attached to her hometown.（她深爱自己的家乡。）
例：The hospital is attached to a medical school.（这家医院附属于一所医学院。）
4.vt.重视；认为…… 有重要性
结构：attach importance/significance to sth.（重视某物）
例：Parents often attach great importance to their children’s education.（父母常高度重视孩子的教育。）
例：The company attaches significance to environmental protection.（这家公司重视环境保护。）
【典例分析】
1.Please a______ the receipt to your expense report before submitting it.
2.The old photo album ______ many happy memories of my childhood.
A. attaches B. connects C. links D. combines
3.Our school ______ a special research center focusing on environmental studies.
A. attaches B. belongs C. attaches to D. is attached to
4. Parents should ______ equal importance to their children's mental health and academic performance.
A. attach B. pay C. give D. make
5.工人们把一块新牌子固定在了墙上。
Workers ______ a new sign ______ the wall.
6.这家研究所隶属于当地一所著名的大学。
The research institute _____________ a famous local university.
7.他非常重视与同事们建立良好的工作关系。
He ______________ establishing good working relationships with his colleagues.
要点14
come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。
I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.
His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
是否接宾语 用法
achieve 是 主语一般为“人”
come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
2. He wants to be a pilot. I think his dream will _____ in the future.
A. come in B. come out C. come over D. come true
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
要点15 allow
allow v.允许;准许
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 She doesn’t allow me to smoke here. 他不允许我在这吸烟。 be (not) allowed to do sth. (不)被允许做某事 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不允许吸烟。 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 We don’t allow smoking in public places. 我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。
【典例分析】
1. Drivers shouldn't be allowed___________ after drinking，or they will break the law.
A. drive　　 B. driving　　 C. to drive D. drove
2. We don’t allow ________ in the library.
A . make B. making C. to make D. made
3.My mother ______us ______TV after we finished our homework.
A. allow; watch B. allow; watching C. allowed; to watch D. allowed; watching
4.完成句子
1）事实不允许有其他的解释。
The facts_________ no other explanation.
2）这项规定不允许在教室吃东西。
The rule doesn't allow __________ in the classrooms.
3）我父母不允许我晚上出去。
My parents don't _______ _______ ________go out at night.
=I ________ _________ _________ ________go out at night by my parents.
要点16 make sure
make sure 确信,有把握
Make sure he writes it down. 让他一定记下来。
【考点聚焦】1)make sure后常接从句;
常见搭配:
be sure to do sth. 一定要做……;
be sure of sth.对……有把握;
be sure that从句,相信……
【典例分析】
1.选词填空make sure/be sure (to)
1)I Mr. Liu is right.
2) that you have got the tickets.
3) come to my party next week.
2. ________ to close the windows before you go out.
A. Making sure B. Is sure C. Make sure D. Sure
3. There are not many tickets left for the movie. You have to________ that you get one today.
A. make use of B. make up C. make a face D. make sure
要点17 For instance
For instance是英语中常用的连接词，相当于 “for example”，用于举例说明前文提到的观点或情况，使表述更具体、易懂。且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
拓展：
such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但
such as后边不能用逗号。
例如：
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。
【典例分析】
1. Many students have different hobbies _________________ collecting stamps, swimming, singing.
A. for example B. such as C. as D. as examples
2. 用for instance, such as或like填空
1) He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2)The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3) Mary is __________ her father.
4)He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5) English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
3.Students have many problems nowadays. ________, they often feel worried before an exam.
A．For instance B．Such as C．Like D．As for
知识要点二、语法
A. good, bad 和far的比较级及最高级
学习good，bad和far 的比较级及最高级。这三个单词的比较级及最高级是特殊变化形式，没有规律可
循，需要记忆。请看下表：
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther / further farthest / furthest
注意：farther 和further 都是far 的比较级，两者的区别如下：
farther 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”
further 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”，可与farther互换
指程度上“更进一步；更深远”
例如：Guangzhou is farther / further from Beijing than Shanghai is.
比起上海，广州离北京更远。
We are waiting for the further report about the weather.我们正在等待进一步的天气报道。
He studied much further in this subject than any other student in his class.
在这个学科上，他学得比班上其他学生深入得多了。
B. (not) as ... as
1.as ... as 意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。
使用时要注意第一个as 为副词，第二个as 为连词。
其基本结构为as +形容词或副词原级+ as。
例如：This game is as interesting as that one. 这个游戏和那个一样有趣。
2.其否定式为not as / so +形容词或副词原级+as，意为“不如……”。
例如：This car is not as / so expensive as that one. 这辆轿车不如那辆贵。
3.若有修饰成分，如a quarter，half，twice，three times 等，则须置于第一个as 之前。
例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
【典例分析】
1.This is__________ (good) film I have ever seen.
2. I am as__________ (young) as her.
3.I will have a__________ (far) study of the plant this year.
4.I want__________ (much) rice. Tm still hungry now.
5.Who drank__________ (little) milk, Lily, Mary or Tom
6.The sootier you are, the________ (good) it will be.
7.My__________ (old) sister is three years __________ (old) than me.
8.He is__________ (bad) at Maths. He is much__________ (bad) at Chinese and his English is__________ (bad) of all the subjects.
9.Whose home is__________ (far) from the supermarket, Jack’s, Jim’s or Tim’s
10.He is not as__________ (tall) as his brother.
二、完成句子
１.我现在的感觉比昨天更糟。
Now I’m feeling yesterday.
２.博物馆比电影院离我家更远。
The museum is from my home the cinema is.
３. 这盏灯没有那盏便宜。
　This lamp is that one.
４. 我收集的邮票和李华的一样多。
　I collect stamps Li Hua does.
５.我的零花钱没有你多。
　I don’t have pocket money you.
知识要点三、书面表达
【话题分析】
学生通过主篇章的 学习认识到伟大的发明可以改变人类生活、推动社会进步，同时也进一步了解了如何介绍发明的一般方法。本节课是写作课，主要输入语篇与输出语篇均为对“发明” 的介绍，重点围绕发明的背景（原因）、发明的外观、独特性、功能、重要意义等方面展开，有利于学生内化说明性语篇的结构化知识，也便于教师开展“整体输入——整体互动——整体输出”的整体教学设计。写作板块要求学生借助“思维导图”构思，并仿照范文的框架结构，充分发挥想象力，设计出富有创意的发明并写一篇短文介绍自己的新发明。
写作步骤
1. 确定主题与框架：
明确要介绍的发明是什么“What it is”，比如文中先点明 “My invention is a flying car.” ，清晰给出发明物。
2. 描述外观特征：阐述发明的样子
“What it looks like”，像 “The flying car has four wheels and two wings.” ，从组成部件等方面介绍外观。
3. 说明功能作用：
介绍发明能做什么“What it can do”，例如 “It can run on land and fly in the air. It has a top speed of 300 km/h... The car can be controlled by voice.” ，讲运行速度、操控方式等功能 。
4. 阐述优势好处：
提及发明带来的益处“Benefits of my invention” ，如 “It is fast, convenient and green... My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. It will make driving a more exciting experience too.” ，从环保、缓解交通、提升体验等角度说好处 。
5. 总结收尾：
可简单总结发明的价值，让内容完整，比如文中虽未单独总结句，但整体围绕发明的价值展开描述，也可补充类似 “This flying car will surely bring great changes to people's travel and life.” 这样的句子强化收尾。
【词语积累】
1. 第一个实用的发明 _________________
2. 最重要的发明之一 _________________
3.. 使生活变得更加便利 _________________
4.几个；若干_________________
5.发生；进行_________________
6. 例如；比如 _________________
7.不仅……而且……_________________
8.依靠；依赖 _________________
9.毫无疑问 _________________
10.自古以来；有史以来_________________
【句式积累】
1. 我的发明是一辆飞行汽车，它快速、方便、环保。
2.电脑是上世纪最伟大的发明之一。早期的电脑和房间一样大。
3.电脑变得越来越小且越来越便宜。现在，电脑在人们日常生活中被广泛地使用。
4.越来越多的公司开始研制电动汽车。
5. 在车轮发明之后，旅行变得更加迅捷、更加舒适。
6. 电话有助于人们互相保持联系。今天，遍及世界各地，数以万计的人有自己的手机。
7.这款智能手表不仅可以报时，还是我们生活中的得力助手。它既时尚又实用。我认为这将为所有年龄段的人带来便利和幸福。
8.轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还让我们能够建造各种各样的神奇机器。
9. 毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一
10. 有了电灯，人们可以在晚上做和白天一样多的事情。
【实战演练】
（1）
假设你是阳光中学学生李华。学校正在举办科技节，你参加以“科技改变生活”为主题的演讲比赛，介绍一项你的一项发明。用英语写一篇演讲稿，包含以下信息。
1. 介绍你的发明；
2. 指出其用途和你喜欢的原因；
3. 它对你有什么作用和影响。
要求：1. 80词左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3. 条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范；
4. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Hello, everyone!
I am Li Hua in Class 1, Grade 8 from Sunshine Middle School. It’s a great honor for me to speak here.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2）
科技改变世界，各种发明让我们的生活越来越便捷，假设你是校英语报社的编辑，报社以“你心中最伟大的发明”为主题面向全校学生做了调查，以下是获得票数最多的三项发明，请为校英语报写一篇稿件报道调查结果并发表你的观点。
发明 轮子 纸 电脑
投票比例 26% 20% 18%
简介 已有数千年历史；方便人们出行 中国古代四大发明之一；对人类文化传播有重要作用 ……
你的观点 ……
参考词汇：传播 spread
要求：
1. 结构完整，要点齐全，可适当发挥；
2. 表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰；
3. 文中不能出现任何真实的人名、校名等信息；
4. 词数80左右。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Many inventions have greatly changed our life. Last week, we did a survey on “What’s the greatest invention ” in our school, and here is the result.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（3）
我校第一届创客节于上周落幕，八年级的李华同学在本次创客节中发明了一个AI机器人并获得了一等奖的好成绩。假如你是校英语报的记者，请根据以下提示写一篇新闻稿，介绍李华的作品，要点如下：
外观 有两条长手臂，脸是一块屏幕，和学生一样高
功能 1. 会做家务 2. 教学生学英语 3. ……(自行补充)
意义 1. 鼓励学生使用新科技 2. ……(自行补充)
要求：
1. 不少于80词(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯；
4. 卷面整洁、书写规范。
参考词汇: screen 屏幕 n. function 功能 n. technology 科技 n.
Last week, Li Hua from the 8th grade invented an AI robot and won the first prize at the Invention Festival.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（4）
假设你是李华，你的学校举办了一个“未来发明家”的征文比赛，你的发明是一种能够帮助学生学习的工具，你的征文获得了一等奖。请你根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的英文获奖感言，包含以下内容：
1.发明的东西及外观； 2.该项发明的功能； 3.参加比赛的收获。
Hello everyone,
I’m Li Hua. I’m really happy that I have won the first prize in the essay competition.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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