资源简介 2026届高考语法高分重难点和易错点解析-被动语态 「内容目录」 被动语态概念;被动语态的基本结构;名师点拨重难点;名师点拨易混点; 「知识典例」 一、被动语态的概念1. 定义被动语态是英语中重要的语法结构,表示主语是动作的承受者(即动作的执行者不是主语,或执行者不明确、无需强调)。与之相对的是主动语态,表示主语是动作的执行者。请对比:主动语态:They built this bridge in 2000.(他们 2000 年建了这座桥。→ 主语 they 是动作 built 的执行者)被动语态:This bridge was built in 2000.(这座桥建于 2000 年。→ 主语 this bridge 是动作 built 的承受者)2. 被动语态的3大使用场景强调动作的承受者(而非执行者);The prize was won by a 17-year-old student.(奖项被一名 17 岁学生获得。→ 强调 “奖项”)动作执行者不明确或无需提及;Many trees are planted every spring.(每年春天都种很多树。→ 无需说明 “谁种树”)正式文体(如科技论文、新闻报道、公文)中,突出客观性;The new policy has been implemented nationwide.(新政策已在全国实施。)二、被动语态的基本结构1. 基本结构被动语态 的基本结构是“be done”;(注:不及物动词无被动语态,如 happen、occur、appear 等)2. 不同时态的被动结构(重点)时态 主动结构 被动结构 例句一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south of China.一般过去时 did was/were + done The letter was sent yesterday.一般将来时 will/be going to will be/be going to be + done The project will be completed next month.现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are+ being done A new hospital is being built here.过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were being done The problem was being discussed at the meeting.现在完成时 have/has + done have/has+ been done The book has been translated into 10 languages.过去完成时 had + done had +been done When we arrived, the work had been finished.情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be done The mistake must be corrected immediately.3. 特殊结构的被动语态1)带双宾语的动词被动语态带双宾语(直接宾语 + 间接宾语)的动词(如 give、send、offer、tell 等),被动语态有两种形式:以间接宾语作主语:She was given a new bike as a birthday gift.(= Someone gave her a new bike...)以直接宾语作主语:A new bike was given to her as a birthday gift.(需加介词 to/for)2)带宾语补足语的动词被动语态使役动词(make、let、have)、感官动词(see、hear、watch、notice 等)后接宾语补足语时,被动语态中宾语补足语需还原 to:主动:We saw him enter the building.被动:He was seen to enter the building.(还原 to)例外:let 在被动中仍用 be let do:He was let go.(他被放走了。)3)短语动词的被动语态由 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词(如 look after、take care of、put off、carry out 等),被动语态中短语需保持完整,不可拆分:The children are well looked after.(不能说 The children are well looked.)The plan has been put off.(不能说 The plan has been put.) 「名师点拨重难点」 重难点 1:主动表被动的特殊情况(高频考点)有些情况下,主动语态形式可表达被动含义,无需用被动结构,需重点记忆:(1)感官动词(look、sound、feel、taste、smell)+ 形容词:The flower smells sweet.(花闻起来香。→ 主动表被动)(2)不及物动词(如 sell、wash、write、read、open、close 等)与 well、easily、smoothly 等副词连用:This pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来流畅。)/ The book sells well.(这本书畅销。)(3)be + 形容词 + to do(常用形容词:easy、difficult、hard、heavy、light、pleasant 等):The task is easy to finish.(这项任务容易完成。→ 主动形式表被动含义)(4)need/want/require + doing(= need/want/require to be done):The room needs cleaning.(= The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。)重难点 2:不能用被动语态的情况(易错点)(1)不及物动词或短语(happen、occur、take place、break out、come true 等):The accident happened at 8 o'clock.(不能说 The accident was happened...)(2)表示状态的动词(have、own、possess、belong to、contain、hold 等):He owns a big company.(不能说 A big company is owned by him. 虽语法正确,但极少用,因 own 表状态,无需被动)(3)反身代词、相互代词作宾语的动词:They enjoyed themselves.(不能说 Themselves were enjoyed by them.)(4)主动形式表被动的固定搭配(如 last、cost、weigh、measure 等):The shirt costs 100 yuan.(不能说 The shirt is cost...)重难点 3:by 短语的用法(1)by + 动作执行者:The letter was written by my father.(信是我爸爸写的。→ 强调执行者时用)(2)无需强调执行者时,省略 by 短语:Many old buildings have been pulled down.(许多旧建筑已被拆除。)(3)注意与 with 的区别:by 表 “动作执行者” 或 “方式”,with 表 “工具”:The window was broken by a boy with a stone.(窗户被一个男孩用石头打破了。) 「名师点拨易混点」 1. 被动语态 vs 系表结构(be + 形容词化的过去分词)被动语态:强调 “动作的承受”,可接 by 短语,能用于进行时 / 完成时等时态。例:The door was closed by Tom.(门被汤姆关上了。→ 被动语态,强调动作)系表结构:强调 “主语的状态”,不接 by 短语,不能用于进行时。例:The door was closed.(门是关着的。→ 系表结构,强调状态)常见的形容词化过去分词:closed、broken、interested、excited、surprised、tired 等。2. get + V-ed vs be + V-ed两者都可表示被动,区别如下:be + V-ed:正式、通用,可用于各种时态和语境。例:The work was finished on time.(工作按时完成了。)get + V-ed:口语化,强调 “意外发生” 或 “主动经历”,不可用于正式文体,少用 by 短语。例:He got hurt in the accident.(他在事故中受伤了。→ 意外)/ She got married last year.(她去年结婚了。→ 主动经历) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览