资源简介

Unit 3　The art of painting
一、 单词学记
(一) 英汉对记(36组)
1. portrait n. 肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘(29)
2. gallery n. 展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席(30)
3. decade n. 十年，十年期(30)
4. pond n. 池塘，水池(31)
5. canvas n. 画布，油画；帆布 (31)
6. strike vt.& vi. (struck, struck) 突然想到；撞，
碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)
　　 n. 罢工；袭击；击，打(31)
7. essence n. 本质，精髓；香精，精油(31)
8. vivid adj. 鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的(31)
9. worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的(31)
10. shade n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处(34)
11. pixel n. 像素(34)
12. wage vt. 开始，发动
n. (通常指按周领的)工资，工钱(35)
13. campaign n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役
vt.& vi. 发起运动，参加活动(35)
14. architecture n. 建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学(35)
15. toast n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒
vt. 为……干杯；烤；取暖(37)
16. garlic n. 蒜，大蒜(37)
17. raw adj. 未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的(37)
18. scroll n. 长卷纸，卷轴(39)
19. crop n. 庄稼，作物；收成，产量(39)
20. wind vi.& vt.(wound, wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发
　条；缠绕(39)
21. sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；
飘，掠
　n. 帆；乘船航行(39)
22. civilian n. 平民，老百姓，庶民(39)
23. butcher n. 肉贩，屠夫(39)
24. apparent adj. 显而易见，明白易懂，显然(39)
25. ink n. 墨水，墨汁(39)
26. perspective n. 透视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景(39)
27. precise adj. 细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的(39)
28. enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的(39)
29. temple n. 庙宇，寺院(40)
30. structure n. 建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织(40)
31. soldier n. 军人，士兵(40)
32. crisis n. (pl. crises) 危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 (40)
33. decline n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降
vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝(40)
34. scale n. 规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例(40)
35. emperor n. 皇帝(40)
36. career n. 经历，事业；生涯，职业(41)
(二) 拓展倍记(13组)
1. mostly adv. 主要地，一般地(30)→most det. & pron. (数量上)最多，最大；大多数；几乎所有adv. (与两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副词连用，构成最高级)最；(程度上)最大，最多，最高；非常；极其；完全；几乎；差不多
2. neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood) n. 街区，城区；邻近的地方(31)→neighbour n. 邻居；邻人；邻国；身边的人；靠近的东西；邻近的人(或物)
3. setting n. 环境，背景；情节背景(31)→set vt.放；置；使处于；使处于某种状况；使开始；把故事情节安排在；以……为……设置背景；设置；树立 n. 一套，一副，一组(类似或配套使用的东西)；一伙(或一帮、一群)人；阶层；团伙；电视机；收音机；舞台 adj. 位于(或处于)……的；安排好的；确定的；固定的；顽固的；固执的
4. liberation n. 解放，摆脱(31)→liberate vt.解放；使自由；使摆脱约束(或限制)
5. opposed adj. 截然不同的；强烈反对的(31)→oppose vt.反对(计划、政策等)；抵制；阻挠；(在竞赛中)与……对垒，与……角逐
6. dominate vt.& vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视(31)→domination n. 控制；支配
7. employ vt. 运用，使用；雇用(31)→employment n. 工作；职业；受雇；就业；雇用→employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板→employee n. 受雇者；雇工；雇员→unemployed adj. 失业的；待业的；下岗的
8. realistic adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的(31)→real adj. 真实的；实际存在的；非凭空想象的；真的；正宗的；非假冒的；非人工的；确实的；真正的；名副其实的→reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实；实际经历
9. bathe vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗(34)→bath n. 浴缸；浴盆；洗澡；洗浴 vt. 给……洗澡 vi. 洗澡
10. ambitious adj. 宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的(39)→ambition n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；雄心；志向；抱负
11. comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的；综合性的(40)→comprehension n. 理解力；领悟能力；理解练习→comprehend vt. & vi. 理解；领悟；懂
12. exhibition n. 展览，展出(40)→exhibit vt. & vi.展览；展出；表现，显示 n. (一件)展览品，陈列品；(在法庭上出示的)物证，证据
13. rare adj. 稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的(40)→rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常
(三) 合成并记(8组)
1. landscape n. 乡村风景画；风景，景色(29)
2. like minded adj. 想法相同的，志趣相投的(31)
3. brushwork n．(画家的)笔触，画法(31)
4. mushroom n. 蘑菇(37)
5. insight n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟(39)
6. overall adj. 全面的，综合的
adv. 全部，总计；一般来说，大体上(40)
7. overthrow vt.(overthrew, overthrown)推翻，打倒
　n. 推翻，打倒(40)
8. outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的(40)
(四) 短语强记(6组)
1. as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于(31)
2. all walks of life各行各业，社会各界(39)
3. go about sth忙于做某事，继续做某事(39)
4. be down to由……引起(或造成)(40)
5. in one's own right凭自身的资格(或努力)(40)
6. speak volumes about充分说明，清楚表明(40)
(五) 重点例释(20组)
1. wander vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折
比较形似词：wonder
wonder n. 惊讶；惊叹；奇迹；奇观 vi. 想知道；想弄明白；感到诧异；非常惊讶
①He likes to wander over the countryside.
他喜欢在乡间漫步。
②His mind would wander, and he would lose track of what he was doing.
他过去常常会走神，总是忘了自己正在干什么。
③She looked at him in wonder.
她惊讶地看着他。
2. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)
n. 罢工；袭击；击，打
(1) it struck sb that (某人)突然想起
(2) on strike在罢工
(3) strike out独立出去；自立谋生；删去
(4) strike out (at sb/sth) 挥拳猛击；猛打；(尤指公开)抨击
(5) strike out (for/towards sth) (奋力朝某处)去；赶往(某处)
(6) strike up 开始演奏
(7) stricken adj.受煎熬的；患病的；遭受挫折的；遭受……的；受……之困的
①Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
②The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.
工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。
③The editor struck out the whole paragraph.
编辑把整段全部删去了。
④The orchestra struck up and the curtain rose.
管弦乐队奏起音乐，幕启。
⑤Whole villages were stricken with the disease.
整村整村的人染上了这种病。
3. vision n. 远见卓识；视力，视野；想象
①I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect.
我的眼睛检查过了，检查报告说我的视力非常好。
②We need someone with real vision to lead the party.
我们需要具有真知灼见的人来领导这个党。
③She unites common sense with vision.
她将想象力与常识联系起来。
4. display vt. 陈列，展出；显示，表现
n. 陈列，展览；表现；展示
①It's said that this is the first time the painting has been displayed to the public, which attracts many people.
据说，这幅画是第一次向公众展出，吸引了许多人。
②His pictures are on display at the art gallery.
他的绘画现陈列在美术馆中。
③However, for a few people, keeping pets is only a display of their wealth.
然而，对某些人而言，豢养宠物只是炫耀财富的一种手段。
5. worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的
(1) worth prep. & adj. 值得……的；值(多少钱)；拥有……价值的财产 n. 价值；意义；值一定金额的数量
worth one's while对……有好处(或用处)；值得
It's worth (one's) while to do/doing sth 某事值得某人去做
(2) worthless adj. 无价值的，没用的
(3) worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或金钱、努力等)
(4) 比较：worthy、worth、worthwhile
*worthy可做表语，也可做定语；做后置定语时，必须用“worthy of＋名词”结构。
*worth是一个只能做表语的形容词，不可以做定语。
*worthwhile与worthy一样，既可做表语，又可做定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，一般作“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。做表语时，可接动名词或动词不定式。
①He is worthy of our praise.
他值得我们表扬。
②He said he was not worthy to accept such honour.
他说他不配接受这样的荣誉。
③It might be worth thinking about.
这可能值得考虑。
④It will be worth your while to come to the meeting.
参加这次会议对你会大有好处。
⑤The coin was almost completely worthless.
这块硬币几乎完全没有价值。
⑥I really feel I am doing something worthwhile.
我真的觉得我在做一些值得做的事情。
6. calling n. 职业，事业；使命感
(1) call back回电话；再打电话
(2) call for (公开)要求；需要；去接(某人)
(3) call forth引起；使产生
(4) call in打电话来(工作单位等)；召来，叫来(服务)；下令收回；要求退回
(5) call off 叫走；取消；停止进行
①He was a consultant physician, a serious man dedicated to his calling.
他是个顾问医生，严肃认真，对自己的职业全身心投入。
②Nevertheless, as the theory pioneers of the times, they had a strong sense of calling.
然而，作为时代的理论先锋，他们具有强烈的使命感。
③Someone is calling for help.
有人在呼救。
④Great crises often call forth gifted leaders.
危急存亡之际常能产生天才的领袖。
7. arrange vt. & vi. 整理，布置；安排，筹备
(1) arrange其后可接不定式，但不接不定式的复合结构，如“我已安排他去参加会议”，可译作“I've arranged for him to attend the meeting.”或“I've arranged that he (should) attend the meeting.”
(2) arrangement n. 安排；筹备；安排方式；整理；排列；商定；约定
①He arranged time each day for watching comedy films.
他每天都会安排出时间来观看喜剧电影。
②Can you arrange for a car to take us there
你能安排一辆车送我们去那儿吗？
③We arranged with him to meet at the station.
我们与他约好在车站见面。
④Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.
无论她说什么，都不会对我们的安排有影响。
8. insight n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟
①He was a brilliant actor who brought deep psychological insight to his many roles.
他是一个优秀的演员，能够从心理上领悟他扮演的许多角色。
②With a flash of insight I realized what the dream meant.
我突然明白了这个梦意味着什么。
③His work offers an insight into an alien culture.
他的作品能让人们对一种异域文化产生较深入的了解。
9. wind vi. & vt. (wound, wound)蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕
(1) wind up上(紧)发条；以……告终；结束(讲话、会议等)；把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇上
(2) wind n. 风；气流
①Roads wound through the hills.
道路蜿蜒穿过群山。
②She asked me to wind the wool for her.
她叫我帮她绕毛线。
③He neglected to wind (up) the clock.
他忘了给钟上发条。
④Despite the wind and the rain, I still enjoy working outside in the world.
尽管风吹雨打，我仍然喜欢在外面的世界工作。
10. all walks of life各行各业，社会各界
(1) walk around绕……而走；四处走动；四处走走
(2) walk on eggshells谨言慎行
(3) Learn to walk before you run. (谚语)
先学走，再学跑。(循序渐进。)
①Volunteers from all walks of life are feeling put upon.
来自各行各业的志愿者们感到被欺骗了。
②Do you often go for walks
你经常去散步吗？
③Would you like to walk around the factory this afternoon
今天下午到工厂的各处走走好吗？
④To work with our boss, you need to walk on eggshells.
与我们老板共事，你做事需极为谨慎。
11. clothing n. 衣服，服装
(1) cloth n. 织物；布料；(一块)布；桌布
(2) clothes n. (复数)衣服；服装
(3) clothes与clothing的区别：
*前者为复数名词，后者为不可数名词；
*前者较具体，后者比较抽象；
*“一套衣服”是a suit of clothes；“一件衣服”是an item/article of clothing。
①How much cloth does it take to make a dress for the girl
这个女孩做件连衣裙要多少布？
②She spends a great deal of money on new clothes every year.
她每年花很多钱买新衣服。
③Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.
在操作机器的时候必须穿防护服。
12. critic n. 批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人
(1) critical adj. 批评的；挑剔的；极重要的；关键的；严重的
(2) criticism n. 批评；评论
(3) criticize vt. & vi. 批评；挑剔；指责；评论
①The last thing we need are words of wisdom from an armchair critic.
我们最不需要的就是纸上谈兵的评论家发表的“智慧”言论。
②Critical thinkers have the courage to challenge conventional thinking.
批判性思维的人有勇气去挑战传统的思维方式。
③You can't be too careful to make a decision at such a critical point.
在这样紧要的关头，你作决定时再小心也不为过。
④Criticism and self criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct mistakes.
批评与自我批评是必要的，因为它帮助我们纠正错误。
⑤Would you like to read and criticize my new book
你愿不愿意读一读我的新书并给以评论？
13. inspection n. 检查，查看，审视；视察
(1) inspector n. 检查员；视察员；巡视员
(2) inspect vt. 检查；查看；审视；视察
(3) 比较：expect、prospect、respect、suspect、aspect
*expect vt. 期待；预料；指望；猜想
*prospect n. 可能性；希望；前景；设想
*respect n. 尊重；尊敬；维护；重视
vt. 仰慕；尊重；慎重对待
*suspect vt. 感觉有问题；不信任；怀疑(某人有罪) n. 嫌疑犯；可疑对象
*aspect n. 方面；外观；样子；方位
①Would you mind pointing out your luggage for inspection
可否把你的行李指给我们检查？
②After an inspection, the inspectors must publish a report.
视察后，视察者必须发表一份报告。
③The Tourist Board inspects all recommended hotels at least once a year.
旅游局至少每年视察一次所有举荐的旅馆。
14. expose vt. 揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触
(1) be exposed to暴露于，接触
(2) exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；被报道
①Workers at the nuclear plant were exposed to high doses of radiation.
核电站的工作人员受到大量辐射。
②The newspaper exposed his terrible secret.
报纸揭露了他骇人听闻的秘密。
③As we know, too much exposure to X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
如我们所知，过多地暴露在X光下会导致皮肤灼伤、癌症或其他身体损伤。
④I threatened them with public exposure.
我扬言要公开揭发他们。
15. political adj. 政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的
(1) politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客；见风使舵者；投机钻营者
(2) politics n. 政治；政治事务；权术；钩心斗角；(个人的)政治观点，政治信仰
①Johnson was in prison for 5 years for political reasons when he was young.
约翰逊年轻时因政治原因入狱5年。
②Mrs Thatcher was a tough and uncompromising politician.
撒切尔夫人是一位态度强硬、不轻易妥协的政治家。
③Nobel Prize winner Mo Yan said the prize the Academy had awarded to him was a victory of literature, but not a victory of politics.
诺贝尔奖获得者莫言说，(皇家)学院授予他的大奖是一次文学的胜利，而不是政治的胜利。
④His politics are extreme.
他的政治观点偏激。
16. crisis n. (pl. crises)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期
①After the crisis, the President said it would be essential to reform the financial system.
危机过后，总统表示，改革金融体系至关重要。
②I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis.
她应对危机效率之高给我留下了深刻的印象。
17. decline n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降
vi. & vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝
①Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline (＝not so many people are doing it).
自己在家做饭的人似乎越来越少了。
②The land declines sharply away from the house.
地势从房屋那边开始大幅度下降。
③She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
她拒绝了和朋友一起吃午餐，说她感到不舒服。
18. in one's own right凭自身的资格(或努力)
①He had emerged as a leader in his own right. 他全靠自己的努力当上了领导人。
②She won the Nobel Prize in her own right.
她凭自己的努力获得了诺贝尔奖。
19. speak volumes about充分说明，清楚表明
①The styles, colours, lengths and fit of your fashion choices will speak volumes about your ability to do your job.
你所选择的时装的款式、颜色、长度和合身度将充分说明你的工作能力。
②What you wear speaks volumes about you.
你的穿戴能充分表明你的方方面面。
20. historic adj. 历史上著名的；有史时期的
(1) history n. 历史；历史学；履历，经历；发展史
(2) historical adj. (有关)历史的；历史研究的；历史题材的
(3) 比较：historic与historical
*historic 主要指历史上有名或具有历史意义，侧重强调其影响性：
a historic character 历史名人
a historic building 具有历史意义的建筑
*historical 主要指历史上发生过或存在过的，侧重强调其真实性：
a historical novel 历史小说
a historical character 历史人物
*有时同一个名词，用两者修饰都可以，但含义不同：
我们说历史上某一次战斗是 a historic event，那是说这次战斗在历史上有名或有影响；同时也可以说它是 a historical event，那是说它在历史上的确发生过。
①The historic building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings.
这座历史建筑和这些画一样，都是留给我们的文化遗产的一部分。
②It was an important moment in history.
那是历史上的一个重要时刻。
③This sword has a strange history.
这把剑有一段奇怪的来历。
④He is writing a historical novel about nineteenth century France.
他正在写一本描述十九世纪法国历史的小说。
⑤It's unfair to judge historical events by today's standards.
以今天的标准来评判历史事件是不公平的。
二、 短语扩充
(一) 英汉对记(99组)
1. a travel journal(P29) 旅行日志
2. portrait painting 肖像画
3. still life painting 静物画
4. landscape painting 风景画，山水画
5. cityscape painting 城市景观画
6. real life painting 写实画
7. history painting 历史画
8. a very rewarding experience(P30) 非常有益的经历
9. the Impressionist movement 印象派运动
10. lay eyes on sb/sth 看见/注意到某人/某物
11. pick … out of … 从……中挑出……
12. make the deepest impression on sb 给某人留下最深刻的印象
13. quite a while 有一阵子，相当长一段时间；半晌
14. in a busy neighbourhood(P31) 在一个繁忙的街区
15. be struck by 被……打动，迷恋……
16. jump out at sb 一下子就吸引某人的注意
17. other like minded artists 其他志同道合的艺术家
18. seek liberation 寻求解放，摆脱束缚
19. the rules of the old style 旧式的规则
20. employ free brushwork 采用自由笔法
21. far less realistic远不现实
22. Post Impressionist painters 后印象派画家
23. have a lasting influence on … 对……有持久的影响
24. a tour guide(P32) 导游
25. establish word families from root words(P33) 词根构词法
26. enlarge one's vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量
27. in contrast to … 相比之下，与……相比
28. be located in 位于，坐落在
29. wonder at(P34) 惊奇于，对……惊奇
30. the human touch of a great painting 一幅伟大画作的人文关怀
31. be reduced to 减少到；沦为，沦落为
32. feel the breeze against one's face 感觉微风拂面
33. be determined to 决定；下决心
34. the art show in town(P35) 城里的艺术展
35. have free access to 可以自由使用，畅行无阻，自由进出；可以免费使用
36. the gallery staff 画廊工作人员
37. have/get a good view of 看得清楚；好好欣赏
38. nothing but 只有；只不过
39. post on social media 在社交媒体上发布/发帖子
40. some signs of improvement 一些改善的迹象
41. unusual materials(P36) 不寻常的材料
42. find inspiration for … 找到……的灵感
43. in rubbish bins 在垃圾桶里
44. at car boot sales 在跳蚤市场
45. present the topic 呈现主题
46. make art out of food(P37) 用食物创造艺术
47. slices of garlic 一片一片的大蒜
48. live on 以……为食，靠……生活；继续活着
49. a day at the beach 海滩上的一天
50. a perfect start to … 一个……的完美开始
51. raw materials 原材料
52. to begin with/to start with(P38) 首先
53. use a heading like … 使用像……的标题
54. give well organized directions 给出有条理的指示
55. list the steps in order 按顺序列出步骤
56. key points 重点，要点，关键点
57. important warnings 重要警告
58. a masterwork of Chinese art(P39) 中国艺术的杰作
59. a five metre long silk scroll 五米长的绢布卷轴
60. offer an important insight into life 提供对生活的深刻理解
61. the Northern Song Dynasty 北宋
62. survive the test of time 经受住时间的考验
63. a peaceful scene of rural life 宁静的乡村生活场景
64. farmers hard at work 辛勤劳动的农民
65. sail in and out of … 驶进驶出……
66. in both directions 在两个方向上
67. go about one's daily business 处理日常事务，做日常的生意
68. display a remarkable mastery of perspective 展现了卓越的透视画法技能
69. the scroll's ambitious size 卷轴的巨大尺寸，恢宏的画幅
70. provide a comprehensive look at life(P40) 全面展示生活景象
71. transportation methods 运输方式
72. business practices 商业行为，商务惯例
73. government structures 政府机构
74. the overall scene of life 生活的全景
75. on closer inspection 更为仔细的探察，进一步观察
76. expose serious political and social problems 暴露严重的政治和社会问题
77. food supplies 食品供应，粮食供给
78. ignore one's duties 玩忽职守
79. less obvious indicators of trouble 不太明显的麻烦的迹象；一些不太容易察觉的不好的苗头
80. in danger of … 处于……危险之中
81. crash into the bridge 撞到桥上
82. point to a crisis developing in the city预示着危机正在城里酝酿
83. make an outstanding contribution to … 为……做出突出贡献
84. generations of future artists 未来几代艺术家
85. be displayed to the public 向公众展示
86. the public's continued enthusiasm about … 公众对……的持续热情
87. get across (使)被理解，把……讲清楚；穿过
88. protect … from damage 保护……免受损害
89. represent various artistic styles(P41) 代表各种艺术风格
90. a master of both oils and Chinese ink 精通油画和中国水墨画的大师
91. combine Chinese brush and ink techniques with Western painting methods 把中国笔墨技法与西方绘画方法结合起来
92. create a new form of art 创造一种新的艺术形式
93. ink paintings 水墨画
94. influence realist art in modern China 影响中国现代现实主义艺术
95. improve one's overall performance(P42) 提高某人的整体表现，提高某人的整体成绩
96. a vast body of information 大量的信息
97. high resolution pictures 高分辨率图片
98. cover interesting facts 涵盖/报道有趣的事实
99. detailed analyses of … ……的详细分析
(二) 同词类记(2组)
● go(10)
1. go about 着手做；继续做；忙于；四处走动
2. go against 违反；不利于；反对
3. go ahead 开始做，着手干；走在前面；进行
4. go along 继续；进展；发展
5. go around 旋转；足够分给每个人；习惯于；流传；传播
6. go down 倒下；落下；下沉；下跌；下降；暂停运行
7. go into 猛烈地撞上某物；开始某种动作；从事某职业；开始做某事
8. go out 熄灭；外出；出局
9. go over 反复研究；仔细检查
10. go through 通过；接受；达成；经历；遭受；用完；耗尽
● lay(3)
1. lay aside 把……放在一边；留存备用
2. lay down 放下；制定；中断；放弃；积存
3. lay out 铺开，展开；布置，策划，安排，设计；清晰谨慎地提出
三、 精选句型
1. Painting is silent poetry, and poetry is painting that speaks.(P29)
2. I could see from Monet's works that he was greatly inspired by nature.(P30)
3. One of these scenes is shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies, which I studied for quite a while in the gallery.(P30)
4. When I saw it up close, I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together.(P31)
5. This effect makes the lively movement of the dance almost jump out at the viewer.(P31)
6. Although the paintings had very different settings, it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d'Orsay—similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists' paintings.(P31)
7. Monet and Renoir, along with other like minded artists, sought liberation from the rules of the old style.(P31)
8. Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art.(P31)
9. They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things, creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before.(P31)
10. It houses more than 7，500 paintings ranging from the 13th century to 1848.(P33)
11. As I wandered in the National Gallery, I was amazed to see all the paintings.(P34)
12. I wondered at the skill of the artists, their use of colour and how they played with light and shade.(P34)
13. Looking at artworks through smartphones, I thought, was like trying to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing, feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers.(P34)
14. Some museums do not allow photography, which is less about camera flashes and more about encouraging people to enjoy the experience.(P35)
15. Painted on a five metre long silk scroll, it offers an important insight into life in China in the 12th century.(P39)
16. The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well, and is currently housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing.(P39)
17. The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work.(P39)
18. Here, hundreds of people from all walks of life, including butchers, hairdressers and government officials, can be seen going about their daily business.(P39)
19. The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing.(P39)
20. The public's continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll, even after all these centuries, speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art.(P40)
四、 语法指南
动词 ing和 ed形式做表语(Verb ing and verb ed forms as predicatives)
什么是表语？在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。动词 ing和 ed形式都可以做表语。动词 ing称作现在分词，动词 ed称作过去分词。动词 ing有时又称作动名词，也可以做表语，用法各有不同。
(一) 分词做表语
分词做表语时，起着形容词的作用。现在分词做表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所示动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人……的”，过去分词表示“感到……”。常见的分词有：amazed/amazing、excited/exciting、bored/boring、annoyed/annoying、interested/interesting、tired/tiring、surprised/surprising、worried/worrying、satisfied/satisfying、amused/amusing。
This dog is frightening.
这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)
This dog is frightened.
这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的状态)
Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a day's climbing.
爬山是累人的。爬了一天的山，我们全都累坏了。(tiring说明climbing的特征；tired说明we的状态)
(二) 动名词做表语
动名词做表语表示抽象概念，一般用来表示“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如：My job is teaching.(＝Teaching is my job.)，要注意主语与表语的一致性，如：Seeing is believing.还可以说成：To see is to believe.
[注意]
①有时动名词与不定式都可以用，没有什么差别。
What she likes is watching the children play.
(＝What she likes is to watch the children play.)
她喜欢看孩子们玩。
②verb ing 形式做表语和verb ing 形式用于进行时的区别。动名词做表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词做表语说明主语的特征。动词 ing用于正在进行时时，说明主语正在执行的动作。
Her work is taking care of the children.
她的工作是照顾小孩。(说明主语“是什么”)
Her work is interesting, and she enjoys taking care of the children.
她的工作很有意思，她喜欢照顾小孩。(说明她工作的特征是有意思的)
She is taking care of the children.
她在照料小孩。(说明她正在执行的动作)
(三) 不定式、动名词与分词做表语的区别
不定式和动名词做表语相当于一个名词做表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词做表语相当于形容词做表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
Our plan is to keep the affair secret.
我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。(主语和表语是相等的)
Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.
他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。(主语和表语是相等的)
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。(主语并不等于表语)
This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.
这个美丽的村庄仍未为外界所知。(主语和表语是不相等的)
[注意]不定式和动名词做表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式做表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词做表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
His job is to paint the walls.
他的工作是粉刷这些墙。(一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情，并不是他日常的工作)
His job is painting walls.
他的工作是粉刷墙。(这是他日常的工作)
(四) 过去分词做表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别
过去分词做表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。(说明杯子的状态)
The cup was broken by Peter.
杯子是被彼得打碎的。(说明杯子承受的动作——被打坏了)
The painting remains unfinished.
画仍未完成。(说明画的状态)
The painting was finished by his apprentice.
这幅画是由他的徒弟完成的。(说明画承受的动作——被完成)
五、 话题写作
(一) 佳句积累
1. Housed in an old railway building, this world famous art museum features some of the best known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.(过去分词短语做状语)
2. Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen, nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing.(让步状语从句；时间状语从句)
3. While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the deepest impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude Monet and Pierre Auguste Renoir.(让步状语从句；定语从句)
4. I couldn't believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond, all in different colours and styles.(时间状语从句；独立主格结构)
5. It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way.(it做形式主语；that引导主语从句；every time引导时间状语从句)
6. It is also worthy of note that Post Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced by Impressionism—the movement has had a lasting influence on modern art, encouraging artists to look at the world from an entirely new point of view.(it做形式主语；that引导主语从句；现在分词短语做结果状语)
7. However, it was not until more than a decade later that he started to seriously consider being an artist himself.(it was … that强调句型)
8. It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing (present day Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.(it做形式主语；that引导主语从句；过去分词短语做后置定语；名词短语做同位语)
9. Using ink on silk, he creates realistic images of scenery, buildings and people, and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective.(现在分词短语做方式状语)
10. Its value is down not only to its great scale, artistic quality and attention to detail, but also to its representation of daily life.(关联词语not only … but also)
11. Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.(such … that …引导结果状语从句；such置于句首用倒装)
12. The last time it was on exhibition, crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.(the last time引导时间状语从句)
(二) 佳作欣赏
假定你是李华。你校外教Mr Smith刚搬入新家，打算在客厅挂几幅中国画，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的建议；
2. 说明理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr Smith，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear_Mr_Smith，
I'm glad to hear that you're interested in decorating your new home with traditional Chinese paintings. Here are my suggestions.
Firstly，a landscape painting would be a good choice. Landscape paintings often show the beauty of nature and the harmony between humans and nature, which is a key concept in Chinese philosophy. Also, you may consider a painting of a dragon. In Chinese culture, the dragon symbolizes good fortune and is often used in traditional decorations.
I hope these suggestions are helpful. If you need more information, feel free to ask.
Yours,_
Li_Hua

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