资源简介

非谓语动词的结构及意思
(
to do
) 表目的：为了做
表将来: 将要做
(
doing
)表主动：主动做
表伴随: 伴随着做
表进行：正在做
(
done
)
表被动：被做
表完成：已经做
(not)doing
主动 被动
一般式: (not)doing (not)being done
完成式：(not)having done (not)having been done
=(not)done (not)to do
主动 被动
一般式: (not)to do (not)to be done
完成式: (not)to have done (not)to have been done
非谓语动词语法点
(
to do
--
后置
定语
d
oing
--
前置
或
后置
定语
意念动词
doing
--
令人感到
...
的
--
前置或后置
定语
d
one
--
前置
或
后置
定语
)
一、做定语
(
to do
--
目的
、结果、原因
d
oing
--
主动、时间、伴随
、
条件
、原因、结果
d
one
---
被动、完成
、
时间、条件
、
伴随、
原因、结果
)
二、做状语
(
eg.
let sb do:
让
sb
做
do-
做、做的全过程
to do
--
要做
d
oing
--
一直做、正在做
d
one
--
已经做、被做
\
已经被做
)
三、做补语
接宾语和宾语补足语动词有：
keep保持\find发现
一感(feel)
二听(hear、listen to)
四让(let、have、make\\get、leave)
四看(see、notice、watch、observe)
(
to do
----------
一次性的、将要做的
动作
(sb
’
s)
d
oing
--
习惯性、普遍性的
动作
d
one
--
感到
......
的
d
oing
--
令人感到
......
的
)
四、做表语
(
意念动词
)
(
to do
----------
一次性的、将要做的
动作
(sb
’
s)
d
oing
--
习惯性、普遍性的
动作
)
五、做主语
(
---
(sb
’
s)
d
oing
plan
to do
consider
d
oing
)
(
介
宾
)
(
动
宾
)六、做宾语
做定语
前置定语+被修饰的名词或代词
被修饰的名词或代词+后置定语
前置定语+被修饰的名词或代词+后置定语
She is looking for a room to live in.
她正在找一个住的地方。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有用来写字的笔。
He is not an easy man to get along with.
他不是一个容易去相处的人。
There is no man to take good care of.
没有人可以好好照顾。
She has nothing to worry about.
她没有要担心的事情。
She is the first(student) to come but the last(student) to go.
她是第一个来的(学生)， 但是是最后一个走的(学生)。
Is there anything exciting for tonight
今晚有什么令人兴奋的事情吗？
The man standing by the window is our English teacher.
站在窗边的那个人是我们的英语老师。
This is an interesting book.
这是一本有趣的书。
The broken cup is put on the table.
破碎的杯子被放在桌子上。
This is a book written by a famous American writer.
这是一本由著名美国作家所著的书。
We can see only the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
我们只能看到被阳光照亮的月球部分。
做状语
(一、) to do 做目的、结果、原因状语
(
为了
(
不
)
)(not) to do
in order (not) to do -----目的
so as (not) to do(不放句首)
so...as to do---------------如此....以致于
(
结果
)such...as to do-------------如此...以致于
enough...to do-------------足够...(以致于能够)去做
only to do(that+句子)----不料、想不到、结果却
too...to-----------------------太...以致于不能做...
I’m sorry\happy\glad\sad\frightened to do---------原因
(在表示人心理感受的形容词之后)
做...我感到抱歉的\开心的\伤心的\害怕的...
不定式的省略
--Would you like to come to my party
--I’d love to(come to your party).
Mary wanted to use my car, but I asked her not to(use my car).
They could do nothing but\except give in.(前有do后省to)
他们别无选择，只能屈服。
The enemy had no choice but\except to give in.
敌人别无选择，只能屈服。
)分词做状语
要点：非谓语动词的发出者(主语)就是谓语动词的发出者
(前后主语一致)
表伴随
They went home, singing and dancing.
他们唱着歌、跳着舞, 回家了
He sat there, reading.
他坐在那里, 看书。
Following the teacher, we went through the forest.
跟着老师，我们穿过了森林。
The teacher went into the room, followed by some students.
老师走进了房间，后面跟着一些学生。
表时间状语
Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.
走在街上，我遇到了一个朋友。
Hearing a noise, they stopped talking.
听到声音，他们停止了交谈。
When asked, the thief said he was wrong.
当被问及时，小偷说他错了。
On arriving in Paris, Charles was thrown into prison.
查尔斯一到巴黎就被投入了监狱。
Working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers.
在工厂工作时，我们从工人那里学到了很多。
表条件
Seen from the hill, the town looks very beautiful.
从山上望去，这个城镇看起来非常美丽。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果得到更多关注，这些树本可以长得更好。
Heated, liquid can be changed into gases.
加热后，液体可以变成气体。
Even if invited, I won’t go.
即使被邀请，我也不去。
Standing on the building, you can see the whole city.
站在大楼上，你可以看到整个城市。
表原因
Deeply moved, she couldn’t say a word.
她深受感动，一句话也说不出来。
Being sick, she had to stay at home.
她生病了，不得不待在家里。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
他被一场大雨淋湿了，浑身都湿透了。
Encouraged by the teacher, she decided to study hard.
在老师的鼓励下，她决定努力学习。
Not having studied his lesson very hard, she failed in the examinations.
由于(之前)他没有努力学习功课，考试不及格。
表结果
He got up late in the morning, missing the first bus.
他早上起晚了，错过了第一班公交车。
He dropped the glasses, breaking it into pieces.
他把眼镜掉了，摔成了碎片。
The glasses dropped onto the floor, broken into pieces.
眼镜掉到了地板上，碎成了碎片。
Football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
足球在80个国家被广泛开展，使其成为世界上最受欢迎的运动。
做补语
let \make sb\sth do: 让sb\sth做(被动由”do”变“to do’)
make onself done: 让sb自己被......
(make oneself heard\understood)
keep sb doing：让sb一直做
have sb\sth doing: 让sb\sth一直做
have sth done：让sth被做
get sb to do：让sb去做
leave sb\sth doing: 让sb\sth 一直做
leave sb to do: 留下sb去做
leave sth undone: 留下某事未做
leave sth to be done: 留下sth要被做
听到\看到 sb do: 全过程(被动由”do”变“to do’)
听到\看到 sb doing: 正在做
做主语
Fishing is a good way to relax ourselves.
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
It 做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to do或doing
It +be+名词+to do.----------------做某事是+名词。
It seems\appears +形容词+to do.----做某事似乎好像怎么样。
It takes (sb) +some time +to do.---做某事花(某人)多长时间。
It +be+形容词\名词 +for sb +to do.---对某人来说，做某事怎么样。
easy\hard\difficult\interesting\impossible
It +be+形容词 +of sb +to do.---做某事体现某人什么品性。
good\kind\nice\clever聪明的\foolish愚蠢的\right对的
It\There is no use\good doing.--------做某事没用\没好处。
做表语
His wish is to become an astronaut.
他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
My favorite sport is swimming.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
The game is interesting.
这个游戏很有趣。
He is interested in the game.
他对这个游戏感兴趣。
interested\\interesting\\interest：使感兴趣
bored\\boring\\bore：使无聊
excited\\exciting\\excite：使兴奋
delighted\\delighting\\delight：使开心
thrilled\\thrilling毛骨悚然的、惊心动魄的\\thrill：使非常兴奋、非常激动
amused\\amusing\\amuse：逗乐、使发笑
pleased\\pleasing宜人的\\please: 使快乐
satisfied\\satisfying\\satisfy：使满意
contented\\~~~\\content：使满意、满足
relaxed\\relaxing\\relax：使放松
encouraged\\encouraging\\encourage：(使有勇气)鼓励
surprised\\surprising\\surprise：使吃惊
amazed\\amazing\\amaze：使惊奇
astonished\\astonishing\\astonish: 使吃惊
shocked\\shocking\\shock：使震惊
confused\\confusing\\confuse：使混淆、使迷惑
puzzled\\puzzling\\puzzle: 使困惑
tired\\tiring\\tire：使疲倦
exhausted\\exhausting\\exhaust：使筋疲力尽
disappointed\\disappointing\\disappoint：使失望
depressed\\depressing\\depress：使压抑、抑郁
frustrated\\frustrating\\frustrate：使沮丧
annoyed\\annoying\\annoy：使恼怒
embarrassed\\embarrassing\\embarrass：使尴尬
frightened\\frightening\\fright：使害怕
scared\\scaring\\scare：使恐惧、吓怕
terrified\\terrifying\\terrify：使害怕、恐吓
overwhelmed\\overwhelming\\overwhelm：使受不了、使不知所措\压垮、压倒、制服
做宾语
介宾
介词后面接名词(短语)或动名词(doing)做宾语
.习惯于(get\be used to)旧方式的人的坚持(stick to)反对新事物， 这样导致(lead to)许多现身(devote sth to)科学的人谈到此事，总期待(look forward to)通过努力开始(get down to)改变它。
have difficulty\trouble\problems (in) doing sth
做......有困难\麻烦\问题
spend time\money (in)doing sth
花时间\金钱在做sth上
spend time\money on sth
花时间\金钱在sth
prevent\stop\prohibit\keep\protect......from doing
阻止......做(做不成)
be worth sth\doing sth: 值得sth\做sth
be worth to be done：值得去被做
be worthy of sth: 值得sth
be worthy of being done: 值得被做
动宾
afford负担得起 aim旨在做 appear(to be)似乎\好像是 agree同意 arrange安排 ask问、要求做 decide决定 bother打扰\麻烦做 care关心、在意 choose选择 come来 dare敢 demand要求 desire渴求、渴望 determine下决心 expect期待、预料 elect选举 endeavor努力 hope希望 fail失败 happen碰巧 help帮助 hesitate犹豫 learn学习、了解 long长期渴望 mean打算(意思是、意味着) manage设法做(管理) offer提供 plan计划 prepare准备 pretend假装 promise承诺、答应 refuse拒绝 seem似乎 tend打算 wait等待 wish希望、祝愿 undertake承担 + to do
consider考虑、认为 suggest建议、暗示 excuse打扰 admit承认 avoid避免 miss错过、想念 keep on继续、保持 practise练习 finish完成 enjoy享受 can’t help情不自禁 mind介意 allow允许、同意 permit允许、同意 escape逃离、逃跑 forbid禁止 risk冒险 imagine想象 + doing
decide know consider forget learn remember understand see wonder想知道、想了解 hear find out explain解释 + to do\\doing
try to do: 尽力做
try doing：尝试做
stop\go on to do ：停下来\继续去做(另一件事)
stop\go on doing ：停下来\继续做(正在做的事)
forget\remember\regret to do：忘记\记得\遗憾 要去做(还未发生的事)
forget\remember\regret doing：忘记\记得\遗憾(做过的事)
mean to do：打算做
mean doing: 意思是、意味着
find\think\make\consider it + adj. +(for sb) to do sth
Feel\deem(认为)\render(致使)\like\love\hate\appreciate(感激、欣赏)
take(接受)\see to(确保、负责)\have声称\count on、depend on(依靠、指望)
七： 独立主格结构里非谓语动词的用法
要点：
逻辑主语明确：必须有一个明确的名词或代词作为逻辑主语；
其本身不是一个完整的句子，它必须依附于一个主句。
Eg. Class over. The students rushed out.(×)
Class over, the students rushed out.(√)
Class is over. The students rushed out. (√)
名词的独立主格结构
Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天将去徒步旅行。
The problem having been solved, the meeting was over.
问题解决后，会议结束了。
His work finished, he went back home.
他完成工作后回家了。
The signal given, the race began.
信号发出，比赛开始了。
He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the food.
他提议去野餐，并表示由他自己来支付食物的费用。
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.
他坐在前排，嘴巴半张着。
The meeting over, everyone left the room.
会议结束后，大家都离开了房间。
The teacher came in, a book in his hand.
老师走了进来，手里拿着一本书。
With\without(否定)的复合独立主格结构里
With time going by, we all grew older.
随着时间的推移，我们都变老了。
He felt sleep with the lamp still burning.
他感到困倦，而灯还亮着。
The old man stood there, with his eyes looking at the sky.
老人站在那里，目光望着天空。
With all the homework finished, we can have a rest.
所有作业完成后，我们可以休息一下。
He was listening to music with his eyes closed.
他闭着眼睛听音乐。
The thief was brought in, with jis hands tied behind his back.
小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在身后。
With so much homework to do, I can’t go out.
作业这么多，我出不去。
The meeting ended with nothing to be decided.
会议最终没有任何决定可做。
He is the person with whom to discuss the matter.
他是可以讨论此事的人。
Don’t speak with your mouth full.
不要嘴里含着东西说话。
He went out with the light on.
他开着灯出去了。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着一本书走进来。
He left without a word said.
他一句话也没说就离开了。
八：状语从句引导词 + 非谓语动词的用法
While (I was) walking in the park, I met an old friend.
当我走在公园里时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
When (he was) sleeping, he had a strange dream.
当他睡觉时，他做了一个奇怪的梦。
As (he is) a beginner, he needs more practice.
作为初学者，他需要更多的练习。
If (it is) heated to a high temperature, water will turn into steam.
如果将水加热到高温，水就会变成蒸汽。
Unless (you are) invited, you cannot enter the room.
除非受到邀请，否则你不能进入房间。
He opened his mouth as if (he was going ) to say something.
他张开嘴，好像要说什么似的。

展开更多......

收起↑