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英语 选择性必修 第四册[WY]
第四单元检测卷
时间：120分钟　满分：150分
较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比10%)
题型 听力 阅读 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 应用文写作 读后续写
A B C D
难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★★
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
扫一扫·听录音
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
M：We didn't find Tom attending the meeting. W：No one had told him about there being a meeting the following day. M：Oh, I had thought he overslept.
1．Why didn't Tom attend the meeting
A．Because he was lazy.
B．Because he got up late.
C．Because he hadn't been informed of it.
答案：C
Text 2
M：What exactly are you looking for W：I'm looking for a book with the 19th century European paintings in it. M：Is it the book on your left, the one with the yellow cover W：Yeah, this is the book I want. Thanks a lot.
2．What does the woman want
A．European paintings. B．A book.
C．A yellow coat.
答案：B
Text 3
W：Good afternoon, I'm Roseanne, your flight attendant.Welcome aboard! M：Hello. I've got seat A8. I hope it's by a window so that I can see the view.
3．Where did this conversation most probably take place
A．On a train. B．On a plane.
C．On a bus.
答案：B
Text 4
M：Do you sell jogging shoes, madam W：Yes, we do. They're on special this week at $19.95 a pair or two pairs for $35.
4．How much is one pair of jogging shoes
A．$17.50. B．$19.95.
C．$35.
答案：B
Text 5
M：How come you always make me do things I don't want to W：What do you mean M：Well, for instance, you always force me to eat steaks, pork chops and chicken, day in and day out. All I want is vegetables and fruits from now on.
5．What does the man want to eat
A．Steaks.
B．Pork chops and chicken.
C．Vegetables and fruits.
答案：C
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Text 6
W：Good evening, sir. Welcome to our restaurant. M：Good evening. I have booked a table for two. My name is Patrick Briggs. W：Yes, Mr Briggs. We've chosen a window table for you. M：It's quite good. Thank you. W：You're welcome, sir. This separate room has a very good view of this city, especially at night. M：That's wonderful. But by the way, this room is near the band platform. I really don't like the music being played right beside me. W：Oh, don't worry, sir. The sound of the music is quite soft. It won't bring you any inconvenience. If you don't like it, I'll find another table for you. Is that OK, Sir M：That's great.You really give good service indeed.
6．Where is the table
A．In the middle of the restaurant.
B．On the band platform.
C．Near a window.
答案：C
7．What is the man worried about
A．Much noise from the street.
B．Loud music from the band.
C．Bad service of the restaurant.
答案：B
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
Text 7
W：If that man gives me any more letters to type, I'll scream. He's given me ten already today, and there'll be more when I get back from coffee break. I'll be here till midnight. M：Calm down, Franny. He can't make you stay after five. Finish what you can, and leave the rest for Mary. W：But they're important letters, Joe. They should go out tonight. M：That's not your worry. If they're important, he should have given them to you earlier.
8．Where are the two speakers
A．At home. B．In a shop.
C．In the office.
答案：C
9．What is the man's advice
A．Finishing her job earlier.
B．Leaving the task to others.
C．Asking others for help.
答案：B
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
Text 8
M：Amy, what's your favourite sport W：Er, it's hard to say. I loved swimming when I was in primary school. But I like running best at the moment. M：You run very fast, don't you W：Yes, but not the fastest in my class. Lily runs much faster than me. M：Really W：Yes. Lily runs the fastest of all. What about you, Mike What do you like M：You like running, but I like jumping, both the high jump and the long jump. W：Did you take part in the sports meet last year M：Yes. I took part in both the high jump and the long jump, and I won first prize in the long jump last year. W：You are also going to take part in the long jump this year, right M：Yes, and I'll try to make a better record. W：Good luck!
10．What is the woman interested in now
A．Running. B．Jumping.
C．Swimming.
答案：A
11．Who runs the fastest
A．Amy. B．Lily.
C．Mike.
答案：B
12．What is mentioned about Lily
A．She swims fast.
B．She will take part in the long jump.
C．She is in the same class with Amy.
答案：C
13．When did the man win first prize in the long jump
A．Last week. B．Last month.
C．Last year.
答案：C
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
Text 9
W：Excuse me, I think my friend and I are lost. I'm wondering if you can help us. M：I'll try. What are you looking for W：We're trying to find the park that has the free concert today. M：Which park W：We thought it was the park downtown, but we just came from there. No concert. M：Do you know the name of the park that has the free concert W：No, but we have a leaflet with the concert details. M：Well, it says: “Concert by the Lake”， so it's probably at the lake shore park. W：I'm not sure if we want to risk getting lost again. M：I understand but I'm pretty sure the concert is there. It's the only park in the lake area. W：Is it easy to find M：Very easy. You just hop on the bus across the street and it takes you right to the park. Even if the concert isn't there, it has a wonderful boardwalk. I'm sure you'll enjoy. W：Well, that doesn't sound too bad. I think it's worth the risk. Thank you! M：You're welcome and good luck!
14．What is the woman trying to find
A．The theatre. B．The park.
C．The lake.
答案：B
15．What does the woman show the man
A．A leaflet. B．A book.
C．A map.
答案：A
16．What does the woman want to do
A．Have a wonderful boardwalk.
B．Listen to a concert.
C．Enjoy the scenery of the lake.
答案：B
17．How will the woman go there
A．By car. B．On foot.
C．By bus.
答案：C
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
Text 10
Listen carefully, everyone. There will be a school trip to Hilltop Castle tomorrow. It's a really interesting place, and I'm sure you'll enjoy going there. We're getting group tickets, so instead of the usual price of $6, you only have to pay $3 to visit the castle. And the bus is free. Now, don't forget that we're going on March 4th. Mrs Philips, the school secretary, is away this week, so take your money to Mr Gifford. He works in the office, too. I'm afraid you'll have to get up early that day because you have to be at school at 7：30 am. The　bus is leaving at 7：45 am. and I want you all to be at school 15 minutes before that. At the castle, I'll give you a piece of paper with questions on it and a pen to fill it out with. You should try to answer all the questions on it. And one last thing; the castle doesn't have a café or a restaurant, so you'll probably get hungry. Don't forget to bring a lunch!
18．How much is a group ticket to the castle
A．$3. B．$4.
C．$6.
答案：A
19．Who should the students give money to
A．Mr Hill. B．Mrs Philips.
C．Mr Gifford.
答案：C
20．What should the students take with them
A．A lunch. B．A pen.
C．A piece of paper.
答案：A
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A study by the Institute for Employment Studies found that older learners reported higher life enjoyment and greater confidence. The following apps will help you to learn something new.
1.Quizlet
Whether you're brushing up on a language, gardening knowledge and cooking techniques, or getting to grips with your favourite literature classics, the online learning platform, Quizlet, gives you access to over 300 million different study sets on almost any subject you can imagine—for free.
Whether you are learning a skill yourself or helping your child or grandchild revise their school work, Quizlet is a great study platform for mastering any subject.
2.Babbel
As well as being a great skill to show off on holiday, learning a new language can have profound effects on the way you approach problem solving and might even give you a leg up in your career.
With classes designed to be 10－15 minutes long, Babbel encourages learning in short, yet achievable, bursts. So this summer, whether you're on the beach soaking up some sun, or simply relaxing at home, why not give language learning a try
3.Blinkist
Blinkist is the perfect app to assist you this summer, providing the key highlights from non fiction books in both audio and text form.
Whether you want to start a new business, improve your management skills, or achieve a better work/life balance, micro learning app Blinkist takes key ideas from non fiction texts and transforms them into easy－to－consume 15－minute digests.
4.Remente
Stress is something that most of us face on a daily basis—be it at work or at home—and continual worry and stress can be harmful to our health.
Today, there are tools that can help you, like the mental health app Remente. Whether the aim is to improve mental wellbeing, stress or personal or professional relationships, Remente guides a user through every step in order to make their goals a reality.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款能帮助学习新东西的应用程序。
21．In which app can almost everything be learned
A．Quizlet. B．Babbel.
C．Blinkist. D．Remente.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Quizlet部分中的“the online learning platform, Quizlet, gives you access to over 300 million different study sets on almost any subject you can imagine—for free”可知，Quizlet这款APP可以帮助你学到几乎一切知识。故选A。
22．What can you find in Blinkist
A．Science fiction in audio forms.
B．Short stories by famous authors.
C．The best part of a news article.
D．A complete version of a best seller.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据Blinkist部分中的“micro learning app Blinkist takes key ideas from non fiction texts”可推知，Blinkist这款APP可以提取新闻文章中最精彩的部分。故选C。
23．If you're stressed with your new business, you can choose ________．
A．Babbel & Quizlet
B．Remente & Quizlet
C．Blinkist & Babbel
D．Blinkist & Remente
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Blinkist 部分中的“achieve a better work/life balance”可知，Blinkist这款APP可以帮助你平衡生活和工作；根据Remente部分中的“Whether the aim is to improve mental wellbeing, stress or personal or professional relationships”可知，Remente这款APP可以帮助缓解压力。故选D。
B
I came across an image recently of a distance runner with a message that told readers to persevere (坚持) at all costs. It reminded me of a conversation I had. My colleague's teaching assistant was asking for my advice. He wanted to know when to quit something. He described how he'd been playing an online game with people for some time. It hadn't been very fun lately, but there was always that small chance of a reward (upgraded equipment, etc.).
I inquired further about his relationship with the players and his gains from the game. I then discussed the sunk cost dilemma, a concept I studied in advanced school due to its personal impact. In high school, I applied to five universities, planning to choose the cheapest one. SUU offered the best scholarship, and after paying a $100 commitment fee, I heard back from another school with an even better scholarship. Despite the new offer, I stayed committed to SUU, believing that switching schools, even if it meant acknowledging the “wasted” $100, would have been the wiser financial choice.
A rational (理性的) decision maker is not ruled by past investments, but weighs future outcomes. I didn't focus on future outcomes when weighing colleges. I focused on the money I sunk into SUU. Rather than evaluating future career options, I focused on the fact that I'd already taken elementary education courses.
I'm not the only one that's fallen__prey__to this. I wear clothes I dislike simply because I spent money on them (and that money won't come back). Unhealthy relationships last because of the invested time (leading to more unhappy years). However, time, effort, or money that you've invested doesn't mean you should continue. Society often stresses perseverance—never quit, never give up, don't waste. However, only you know your right path. Walking away can be the toughest choice. You might realize a path you're on is no longer the right one or never was.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述个人经历和身边的例子讨论了沉没成本谬误对决策的影响，并强调了决策时应当关注未来的收益而非过去的投入，应理性地考虑放弃，而不是盲目地坚持。
24．Why does the author introduce a distance runner's image at first
A．To make a contrast.
B．To give a definition.
C．To draw a conclusion.
D．To illustrate a theory.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I came across an image recently ... to persevere (坚持) at all costs.(最近，我看到了一张长跑运动员的照片，上面写着一句话，告诉读者要不惜一切代价坚持下去。)”并结合下文可推知，作者引用跑步者的形象及“坚持到底”的信息是为了与文章中讨论的主题形成对比，即有时放弃是更合理的选择。故选A。
25．What is the common characteristic of a rational decision maker
A．Following suit as most people.
B．Taking elementary education.
C．Valuing the development in future.
D．Overlooking past investments.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A rational (理性的) decision maker ... but weighs future outcomes.”可知，理性的决策者不会被过去的投资所左右，而是会权衡未来的结果，即重视未来的发展。故选C。
26．What does the underlined idiom “fallen prey to” mean in the last paragraph
A．Get benefits from. B．Be harmed by.
C．Be interested in. D．Get rid of.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“I wear clothes ... (and that money won't come back)．(我穿我不喜欢的衣服只是因为我花钱买的(而且这些钱不会再回来了)。)”可知，作者因为已经为衣服花了钱(这些钱无法收回)，所以即使不喜欢这些衣服也还在穿，这表明作者受到了已经投入的钱的“伤害”。由此可推知，fall prey to指的是受到某种事情的伤害。故选B。
27．Which is the best title of the text
A．Perseverance is a virtue
B．The chosen path is the toughest
C．Cut your losses for your winners
D．Walking away means losing all
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Society often stresses perseverance ... the right one or never was.(社会经常强调坚持不懈——永不放弃，永不言弃，不要浪费。然而，只有你自己知道正确的道路。离开可能是最艰难的选择。你可能会意识到你所走的道路不再是正确的，或者从来就不是正确的。)”可知，文章通过讲述作者个人的经历以及对沉没成本谬误的讨论，指出了在合适的时候割舍损失的智慧，而不应盲目坚持。因此，C项(及时割舍损失是明智的)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal.
This hit__home__for__me as I was sitting with my 2 year old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What's up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
There's one notable gap in my new media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an Internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2 year old grandson sees it on his tablet.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在春节期间，给孙子买了本儿童纸质读物，孙子误以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。作者由此意识到当今社会人们把多媒体阅读当作日常，并谈了自己对这种现象的体会和感想。
28．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Provided shelter for me.
B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me.
D．Worked quite well on me.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容以及画线部分后文“as I was sitting with my 2 year old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday”可知，作者作为记者，生活在讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。画线部分意为“我很清楚”。故选B。
29．Why did the kid poke the storybook
A．He took it for a tablet computer.
B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.
D．He wanted to read it by himself.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was actually a stranger to books ... thought my storybook was like that.”可知，孩子戳故事书是因为把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
30．What does the author think of himself
A．Socially ambitious.
B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.
D．Digitally competent.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking ... built websites.”可知，作者可能老了，但作者编辑视频、制作音频、用移动支付，甚至建立了网站。由此可推知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
31．What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A．He lacks experience in his job.
B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department.
D．He often interviews Internet stars.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio(我很少在镜头前待着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者很少上电视。故选B。
D
Despite earning more than $100，000 in household income, many people feel that they are living month to month and that a loss of employment or sudden medical emergency could easily move them from the upper middle class to low income earners.This feeling of being on the “edge” of poverty, despite these levels of income, seems a bit ridiculous but it really comes down to easy credit, misunderstanding of their incomes and peer (同辈) group pressures.
Even in today's tough economy, for those with six figure incomes credit is easy to come by. Credit companies may have cut back offerings to those in lower income brackets (等级) due to the recent credit card reforms, but there seems to be little or no effect on high income earners. Their being able to get credit without difficulty gives them a false sense of security that makes them spend way more than their incomes can afford. That's why they accumulate credit card debt faster than average.
Many higher income earners feel like they are making lots of money now, and believe that they will continue to make big money. This may reduce their feeling that they need to watch their money carefully now. Hand in hand with that, many of them probably believe that they are making more money than they really are—or said another way, the money they make will go farther than it really does.
Meanwhile, many young professionals who are earning good incomes don't come from particularly privileged backgrounds, and their reference point may be that they are making twice (or more) than their parents were—so they spend like that as well. They don't take account of the effect of inflation (通货膨胀), which means that the cost of living is much higher than that in their parents' generation. Further, the more you earn, the more you pay in tax. Rather than focusing on after tax incomes, many high income earners only look at the top figures. A $100，000 income before tax is only about $70，000 after tax.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就高收入人群仍然觉得自己贫穷的现象进行了说明，指出信贷容易获得以及对自己的收入的误解是其感觉自己仍然贫穷的原因。
32．What causes some people to spend beyond their income according to the text
A．The effect of inflation.
B．Easy availability of credit.
C．The good economic climate.
D．Their privileged backgrounds.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their being able to ... their incomes can afford.”可知，人们能够轻易获得信贷，这导致他们超额支出消费。故选B。
33．What does the author intend to remind young professionals about in the end
A．They should focus on their top line figures.
B．They need to look ahead rather than look back.
C．They actually don't earn as much as they think.
D．They should form good personal financial habits.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They don't take account of ... in their parents' generation.”可知，年轻一代人并未意识到他们的高收入有通货膨胀的因素，他们的实际收入其实并没有想象中的那么高。故选C。
34．Who is the text centered on
A．The upper middle class.
B．The lower income group.
C．People living in poverty.
D．People getting into debt.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“that a loss of employment ... low income earners(失业或突发的医疗紧急情况很容易使他们从中上阶层变成低收入者)”，第三段中的“Many higher income earners”以及第四段中的“Meanwhile, many young professionals who are earning good incomes”可推知，文章针对的是中高收入人群。故选A。
35．Which of the following might be discussed in the next paragraph
A．Effects of peer group pressures.
B．Ways to keep financial stability.
C．Harm of poor money management.
D．Tips on reducing the risk of poverty.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“This feeling of ... peer (同辈) group pressures.”可知，第二至四段主要讲述中高收入人群容易受到信贷以及他们的消费观的影响。由此可推知，文章接下来会说明同辈群体压力带来的影响。故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ancient Rome was one of the world's most powerful empires more than 2，000 years ago. Romans' ideas about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today.
The Colosseum in Rome was built during the phase of the Roman Empire, in the first century AD. __36__ It is a popular tourist attraction today.
Italy, located in southern Europe, is shaped like a boot. Italy is well known for its designers, who create cars, handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in demand for their style and fine workmanship. Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than that in the past. __37__ Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too. __38__ The southern part does not offer many manufacturing jobs, so it is not very prosperous.
Italy is a member of the European Union, an organization of joint countries for better trade. The currency, or money they use is called “euro”. __39__ Food and good meals are important to Italians. Popular foods include pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there. Many families still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. __40__ Families spend a lot of time together.
A．Italy has several islands off the coast.
B．The country used to depend on agriculture.
C．Mountains cover about three fourths of the country.
D．The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
E．The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.
F．It could seat about 50，000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.
G．While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighborhood markets.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利及其首都罗马在经济和文化方面的一些特点。
36．答案：F
解析：根据上文“The Colosseum in Rome was built during the phase of the Roman Empire, in the first century AD.”可知，上文介绍了罗马斗兽场的始建年代，F项(它可以容纳大约5万人看动物和人之间的争斗。)承接上文。F项中的“It”指代上文的“The Colosseum”。故选F。
37．答案：B
解析：根据上文“Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than that in the past.”和下文“Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income.”可知，上文讲述了意大利现在的经济比以前强大了，下文讲述的是意大利现在收入的主要来源，B项(这个国家过去依赖农业。)说明其过去的经济情况，且与下文形成对比。故选B。
38．答案：E
解析：根据下文“The southern part does not offer many manufacturing jobs, so it is not very prosperous.”可知，下文介绍的是意大利南部的情况，与之对应的应该是北部的经济特点。E项(这个国家的北部是主要的制造业中心。)符合语境。故选E。
39．答案：G
解析：根据下文“Food and good meals are important to Italians. Popular foods include pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there.”可知，此处主要介绍意大利人的日常生活。G项(虽然有一些超市，但许多人在小型的社区市场购物。)符合语境。故选G。
40．答案：D
解析：根据下文“Families spend a lot of time together.”可知，在意大利，家庭成员花很多时间在一起。D项(家庭对意大利人的生活方式非常重要。)引出下文。故选D。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
From the top of Mount Qomolangma to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, plastic continues to pollute our environment, and it poses a significant threat to all life forms on Earth. __41__ knowing the ecological, eco toxicological, and economic effects of plastic pollution, we have not been able to forbid the use of plastic products. Now, __42__ the invention of a 17 year old girl, we finally have a much better alternative. This plastic like material is made from prawn shells (虾壳), and it divides 1.5 million times faster than most of __43__ plastic products we use today.
She extracted the carbohydrate called “chitin” from the shells and used chemical change to turn it into chitosan (基糖). She then mixed it with an insoluble protein called “fibroin”， which is found in silk cocoons. Using the __44__ of these two organic materials, Arora created a plastic like material that __45__ completely within just 33 days. Moreover, this plastic __46__ nitrogen (氮) when dividing, which is why it can be used as mulch or plant fertilizer.
In the 2018 Broken Hill Proprietary company (BHP) Billiton Foundation Science and Engineering Awards, Arora was awarded the Innovator to Market Award. She also gained international __47__ through the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Thousands of __48__ students from over 81 nations participated in the competition, and Arora came in fourth for her creativity. She also won a comprehensive __49__ to one of the best universities in the United States.
The 17 year old, now a student of medicine, is on a search to __50__ the usage of traditional plastic. She has produced the final prototype of her product, and it is ready to be produced commercially. However, before that happens, she has to __51__ legal formalities (合法手续) such as patenting. She is also talking to supermarkets and __52__ them to use her biodegradable plastic, which is insoluble, durable, and transparent. It can be used for all kinds of packaging, and the producing cost of the product is also __53__ than most biodegradable products.
An __54__ young woman, Angelina Arora wants to make a difference in the world, and she wants to encourage other young people, especially young women, to __55__ their passion and make a positive difference however they can. Thus, women are now getting stronger and stronger.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁女孩Arora (奥罗拉)发明了一种易降解的类似塑料的材料，非常环保，并且她鼓励其他年轻人做出积极的改变。
41．A.Without B．Besides
C．Except D．Despite
答案：D
解析：句意：尽管我们知道塑料污染有着生态、生态毒理学和经济的影响，但我们还是不能禁止使用塑料产品。故选D。
42．A.but for B．other than
C．thanks to D．rather than
答案：C
解析：but for 要不是；other than 除了……之外；thanks to 多亏；幸亏；rather than 而不是。根据下文“we finally have a much better alternative”可知，多亏了一个17岁女孩的发明，我们终于有了更好的替代物。故选C。
43．A.commercial B．comprehensive
C．contrary D．constant
答案：A
解析：句意：这种类似塑料的材料是由虾壳制成的，它的分解速度比我们今天使用的大多数商业塑料产品快150万倍。commercial 商业的；comprehensive 全面的；contrary 相反的；constant 不断的。故选A。
44．A.similarity B．distinction
C．combination D．contact
答案：C
解析：similarity 相似性；distinction 差别；combination 结合；contact 联系。根据下文“Arora created a plastic like material”可知，Arora创造了一种类似塑料的材料，所以Arora要先结合两种有机材料。故选C。
45．A.breaks down B．takes down
C．puts down D．sets down
答案：A
解析：句意：利用这两种有机材料的结合，Arora创造了一种类似塑料的材料，在33天内可以完全分解。break down 分解；take down 记下；put down 放下；set down 放置；写下。故选A。
46．A.reduces B．releases
C．stores D．increases
答案：B
解析：reduce 减少；release 释放；store 储存；increase 增加。根据下文“nitrogen (氮) when dividing”可知，当塑料分解时，它会释放氮气。故选B。
47．A.disapproval B．ability
C．recognition D．profit
答案：C
解析：句意：她还通过英特尔国际科学与工程博览会获得了国际认可。故选C。
48．A.courageous B．brilliant
C．generous D．honest
答案：B
解析：句意：来自超过81个国家的数千名杰出的学生参加了比赛，Arora因为她的创造力排名第四。courageous 勇敢的；brilliant 杰出的；generous 慷慨的；honest 诚实的。故选B。
49．A.scholarship B．medal
C．admiration D．election
答案：A
解析：根据下文“now a student of medicine”可知，她获得了该大学的综合奖学金。故选A。
50．A.require B．remain
C．remove D．reflect
答案：C
解析：根据上文“forbid the use of plastic products”可知，此处指除去传统塑料的使用。故选C。
51．A.see through B．go through
C．pass through D．get through
答案：B
解析：句意：然而，在此之前，她必须取得合法手续，如专利申请。see through 识破：go through (法律、协议、决定等)获得通过；pass through 穿过；通过；get through 完成。故选B。
52．A.forbidding B．allowing
C．forcing D．urging
答案：D
解析：根据下文“them to use her biodegradable plastic”可知，因为要推广她的新的环保产品，所以她要对他们进行劝说。故选D。
53．A.clearer B．higher
C．cheaper D．lower
答案：D
解析：根据上文“which is insoluble, durable, and transparent”可知，这种塑料有很多优点，所以生产成本低于其他产品也是优点之一。故选D。
54．A.innocent B．inspiring
C．independent D．interesting
答案：B
解析：根据上文“Now, __42__ the invention of a 17 year old girl, we finally have a much better alternative.”可知，此处指她是一个鼓舞人心的年轻女性。故选B。
55．A.follow B．oppose
C．destroy D．damage
答案：A
解析：句意：作为一个鼓舞人心的年轻女性，Angelina Arora想要改变世界，她想要鼓励其他年轻人，尤其是年轻女性，追随她们的热情，尽其所能做出积极的改变。故选A。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Qingming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, is believed to have a history of about 2，500 years. Over centuries, Chinese people __56__ (develop) colorful traditions, the most important of __57__ is honoring ancestors.
Besides burning paper money, in some regions, firecrackers are also set off while sweeping tombs to inform their ancestors of the family's __58__ (present) and drive away evil spirits. Although these customs are deeply rooted in traditional culture, it is important in modern society __59__ (abandon) old practices, observe civilized rituals and reduce carbon emission.
__60__ (fortunate), many places have issued proposals for civilized tomb sweeping, not only advocating for citizens to strengthen their safety awareness but also __61__ particular providing various civilized tomb sweeping methods for citizens to refer to.
Examples include encouraging __62__ use of fresh flowers and tree planting memorials instead of burning paper money. Promoting simple funeral practices, __63__ (simplify) funeral ceremonies, and supporting eco burials as well as visiting red education bases to learn about the heroic deeds of revolutionary martyrs (烈士) __64__ (be) also other preferable options.
Understanding the essence of the Qingming Festival itself is far __65__ (essential) than pursuing traditional forms. Civilized and low carbon tomb sweeping will be more in line with the essence of cherishing memories and respecting life.
56．______　57.______　58.______　59.______　60．______　61.______　62.______　63.______　64．______　65.______
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清明节的传统祭扫活动以及现代社会提倡的更文明的祭扫方式。
56．答案：have developed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Over centuries可知，应用现在完成时，主语Chinese people为复数，助动词应用have。故填have developed。
57．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处是“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是traditions，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
58．答案：presence
解析：考查词性转换。名词所有格后应用名词presence，不可数。故填presence。
59．答案：to abandon
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这些习俗深深植根于传统文化，但在现代社会，摒弃旧习、遵守文明仪式、减少碳排放是很重要的。固定句型it is important to do sth意为“做某事是重要的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to abandon。
60．答案：Fortunately
解析：考查词性转换。句意：幸运的是，许多地方都出台了文明扫墓的建议，不仅倡导市民加强安全意识，而且特别提供了各种文明扫墓的方法供市民参考。设空处应用副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运的是”，应用fortunately。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。
61．答案：in
解析：考查介词。固定短语in particular意为“尤其”。故填in。
62．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。根据后文的介词短语 of fresh flowers作定语可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
63．答案：simplifying
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：推广简葬、简化丧葬仪式，支持生态墓葬，参观红色教育基地，了解革命烈士的英雄事迹，也是更好的选择。根据and可知，此处和其他动名词短语并列作主语，应用动名词。故填simplifying。
64．答案：are
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是四个并列的动名词短语，be动词应用复数，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。
65．答案：more essential
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据设空后的than可知，应用形容词的比较级，作表语。故填more essential。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是宁夏育才中学的李华，你的朋友李雷给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的 APP，用这个软件共享书籍，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的书籍，给出理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Li Lei，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Li Lei，
Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing books, I feel truly proud of your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my books on your app. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, it will be wonderful for me to learn that someone can share my happiness of reading my books. Additionally, sharing books may pave the way for a good friendship based on our common interest. What's more, your app will make reading available to more disadvantaged students, who can read a wide range of books without actually spending any money.
To summarize, sharing my books on your app benefits both others and me. It will be very popular among the students.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During my first year as a middle school math teacher, I designed and tried a classroom money system to motivate and engage my students. Each day, students who came to class well prepared earned a salary of 25 “royal” dollars. From the salary earned, the students paid monthly rent on their chairs and taxes on their classroom materials. My goals for the program were to help students learn the importance of financial management while promoting positive classroom behavior.
I gave students daily opportunities to earn additional salary such as 10 dollars for catching my errors, 50 dollars for good mathematical arguments, and 100 dollars for outdoing an assessment. Students put any money they earned in our class bank. As the banker, I maintained the accounts and informed students of dangerously low balances. After all, students knew what happened when they didn't have the money to pay rent, and none wanted to lose his or her chair. After the students paid their rent, taxes and any fines, they could spend their remaining money on class auction (拍卖) items like snacks and school supplies.
My system worked beautifully and the students were fully engaged. They soon realized that use of inappropriate language or coming late to class was not financially beneficial.
Three weeks into school Mayra met me at the door with a question.
“How much would it cost to buy my chair？”
“Buy your chair？”
“Well, if I could buy my chair, I won't have to pay you rent each month. Then I'll have more money to spend at the auction.”
“If you prefer to save your money and purchase your chair, you can buy it for 600 dollars.”
“So if I sit on the floor for twenty more days, I'll have enough money to buy my chair？”
“Absolutely！”
She and several of her tablemates began to gather their materials and returned to the floor of our classroom. I thought to myself, “This won't last long.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I certainly underestimated the resolve of my students.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Two weeks later, Mayra arrived at my door announcing, “Today, I can buy my chair！”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在所教班级设计了一个教室金融体系，帮助学生们学习金融管理技能的同时，培养良好的班级纪律。一天，Mayra(玛拉)决定攒钱买椅子。为什么作者说低估了学生们的决心？两周后，Mayra得到椅子了吗？
[精彩范文]
I certainly underestimated the resolve of my students. Mayra made a simple cushion from the collected materials. I think it's just a temporary pleasure. She would abandon eventually, after all it was uncomfortable to sit on the floor for twenty more days, even with a cushion. However, she lasted not only the hour, but the following days, which made me surprised.
Two weeks later, Mayra arrived at my door announcing, “Today, I can buy my chair！” With no direction from me, she had recorded each deposit she had made. I gave my congratulations to her. She proudly took her “bought” seat at her table. At the end of class, Mayra came to me with another question, “Now, can I save more money and buy Jose's chair, and then charge him higher rent？” I laughed. Clearly, my goal of improving financial management had been met by at least one of my students and I'm sure those skills will serve her well in the future.
1(共111张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第四单元检测卷
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
第四部分
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
3
4
第一部分
时间：120分钟 　 满分：150分
较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比10%)
题型 听力 阅读 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 应用文写作 读后
续写
A B C D
难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★★★
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
1．Why didn't Tom attend the meeting
A．Because he was lazy.
B．Because he got up late.
C．Because he hadn't been informed of it.
M：We didn't find Tom attending the meeting.
W：No one had told him about there being a meeting the following day.
M：Oh, I had thought he overslept.
Text 2
2．What does the woman want
A．European paintings. B．A book.
C．A yellow coat.
M：What exactly are you looking for
W：I'm looking for a book with the 19th century European paintings in it.
M：Is it the book on your left, the one with the yellow cover
W：Yeah, this is the book I want. Thanks a lot.
Text 3
3．Where did this conversation most probably take place
A．On a train. B．On a plane.
C．On a bus.
W：Good afternoon, I'm Roseanne, your flight attendant.Welcome aboard!
M：Hello. I've got seat A8. I hope it's by a window so that I can see the view.
Text 4
4．How much is one pair of jogging shoes
A．$17.50. B．$19.95.
C．$35.
M：Do you sell jogging shoes, madam
W：Yes, we do. They're on special this week at $19.95 a pair or two pairs for $35.
Text 5
5．What does the man want to eat
A．Steaks.
B．Pork chops and chicken.
C．Vegetables and fruits.
M：How come you always make me do things I don't want to
W：What do you mean
M：Well, for instance, you always force me to eat steaks, pork chops and chicken, day in and day out. All I want is vegetables and fruits from now on.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Text 6
W：Good evening, sir. Welcome to our restaurant.
M：Good evening. I have booked a table for two. My name is Patrick Briggs.
W：Yes, Mr Briggs. We've chosen a window table for you.
M：It's quite good. Thank you.
W：You're welcome, sir. This separate room has a very good view of this city, especially at night.
M：That's wonderful. But by the way, this room is near the band platform. I really don't like the music being played right beside me.
W：Oh, don't worry, sir. The sound of the music is quite soft. It won't bring you any inconvenience. If you don't like it, I'll find another table for you. Is that OK, Sir
M：That's great.You really give good service indeed
6．Where is the table
A．In the middle of the restaurant.
B．On the band platform.
C．Near a window.
7．What is the man worried about
A．Much noise from the street.
B．Loud music from the band.
C．Bad service of the restaurant.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
Text 7
W：If that man gives me any more letters to type, I'll scream. He's given me ten already today, and there'll be more when I get back from coffee break. I'll be here till midnight.
M：Calm down, Franny. He can't make you stay after five. Finish what you can, and leave the rest for Mary.
W：But they're important letters, Joe. They should go out tonight.
M：That's not your worry. If they're important, he should have given them to you earlier.
8．Where are the two speakers
A．At home. B．In a shop.
C．In the office.
9．What is the man's advice
A．Finishing her job earlier.
B．Leaving the task to others.
C．Asking others for help.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
Text 8
M：Amy, what's your favourite sport
W：Er, it's hard to say. I loved swimming when I was in primary school. But I like running best at the moment.
M：You run very fast, don't you
W：Yes, but not the fastest in my class. Lily runs much faster than me.
M：Really
W：Yes. Lily runs the fastest of all. What about you, Mike What do you like
M：You like running, but I like jumping, both the high jump and the long jump.
W：Did you take part in the sports meet last year
M：Yes. I took part in both the high jump and the long jump, and I won first prize in the long jump last year.
W：You are also going to take part in the long jump this year, right
M：Yes, and I'll try to make a better record.
W：Good luck!
10．What is the woman interested in now
A．Running. B．Jumping.
C．Swimming.
11．Who runs the fastest
A．Amy. B．Lily.
C．Mike.
12．What is mentioned about Lily
A．She swims fast.
B．She will take part in the long jump.
C．She is in the same class with Amy.
13．When did the man win first prize in the long jump
A．Last week. B．Last month.
C．Last year.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
Text 9
W：Excuse me, I think my friend and I are lost. I'm wondering if you can help us.
M：I'll try. What are you looking for
W：We're trying to find the park that has the free concert today.
M：Which park
W：We thought it was the park downtown, but we just came from there. No concert.
M：Do you know the name of the park that has the free concert
W：No, but we have a leaflet with the concert details.
M：Well, it says: “Concert by the Lake”， so it's probably at the lake shore park.
W：I'm not sure if we want to risk getting lost again.
M：I understand but I'm pretty sure the concert is there. It's the only park in the lake area.
W：Is it easy to find
M：Very easy. You just hop on the bus across the street and it takes you right to the park. Even if the concert isn't there, it has a wonderful boardwalk. I'm sure you'll enjoy.
W：Well, that doesn't sound too bad. I think it's worth the risk. Thank you!
M：You're welcome and good luck!
14．What is the woman trying to find
A．The theatre. B．The park.
C．The lake.
15．What does the woman show the man
A．A leaflet. B．A book.
C．A map.
16．What does the woman want to do
A．Have a wonderful boardwalk.
B．Listen to a concert.
C．Enjoy the scenery of the lake.
17．How will the woman go there
A．By car. B．On foot.
C．By bus.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
Text 10
Listen carefully, everyone. There will be a school trip to Hilltop Castle tomorrow. It's a really interesting place, and I'm sure you'll enjoy going there. We're getting group tickets, so instead of the usual price of $6, you only have to pay $3 to visit the castle. And the bus is free. Now, don't forget that we're going on March 4th. Mrs Philips, the school secretary, is away this week, so take your money to Mr Gifford. He works in the office, too. I'm afraid you'll have to get up early that day because you have to be at school at
7：30 am. The　bus is leaving at 7：45 am. and I want you all to be at school 15 minutes before that. At the castle, I'll give you a piece of paper with questions on it and a pen to fill it out with. You should try to answer all the questions on it. And one last thing; the castle doesn't have a café or a restaurant, so you'll probably get hungry. Don't forget to bring a lunch!
18．How much is a group ticket to the castle
A．$3. B．$4.
C．$6.
19．Who should the students give money to
A．Mr Hill. B．Mrs Philips.
C．Mr Gifford.
20．What should the students take with them
A．A lunch. B．A pen.
C．A piece of paper.
第二部分
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A study by the Institute for Employment Studies found that older learners reported higher life enjoyment and greater confidence. The following apps will help you to learn something new.
1.Quizlet
Whether you're brushing up on a language, gardening knowledge and cooking techniques, or getting to grips with your favourite literature classics, the online learning platform, Quizlet, gives you access to over 300 million different study sets on almost any subject you can imagine—for free.
Whether you are learning a skill yourself or helping your child or grandchild revise their school work, Quizlet is a great study platform for mastering any subject.
2.Babbel
As well as being a great skill to show off on holiday, learning a new language can have profound effects on the way you approach problem solving and might even give you a leg up in your career.
With classes designed to be 10－15 minutes long, Babbel encourages learning in short, yet achievable, bursts. So this summer, whether you're on the beach soaking up some sun, or simply relaxing at home, why not give language learning a try
3.Blinkist
Blinkist is the perfect app to assist you this summer, providing the key highlights from non fiction books in both audio and text form.
Whether you want to start a new business, improve your management skills, or achieve a better work/life balance, micro learning app Blinkist takes key ideas from non fiction texts and transforms them into easy－to－consume 15－minute digests.
4.Remente
Stress is something that most of us face on a daily basis—be it at work or at home—and continual worry and stress can be harmful to our health.
Today, there are tools that can help you, like the mental health app Remente. Whether the aim is to improve mental wellbeing, stress or personal or professional relationships, Remente guides a user through every step in order to make their goals a reality.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款能帮助学习新东西的应用程序。
21．In which app can almost everything be learned
A．Quizlet. B．Babbel.
C．Blinkist. D．Remente.
解析：细节理解题。根据Quizlet部分中的“the online learning platform, Quizlet, gives you access to over 300 million different study sets on almost any subject you can imagine—for free”可知，Quizlet这款APP可以帮助你学到几乎一切知识。故选A。
22．What can you find in Blinkist
A．Science fiction in audio forms.
B．Short stories by famous authors.
C．The best part of a news article.
D．A complete version of a best seller.
解析：推理判断题。根据Blinkist部分中的“micro learning app Blinkist takes key ideas from non fiction texts”可推知，Blinkist这款APP可以提取新闻文章中最精彩的部分。故选C。
23．If you're stressed with your new business, you can choose ________．
A．Babbel & Quizlet
B．Remente & Quizlet
C．Blinkist & Babbel
D．Blinkist & Remente
解析：细节理解题。根据Blinkist 部分中的“achieve a better work/life balance”可知，Blinkist这款APP可以帮助你平衡生活和工作；根据Remente部分中的“Whether the aim is to improve mental wellbeing, stress or personal or professional relationships”可知，Remente这款APP可以帮助缓解压力。故选D。
B
I came across an image recently of a distance runner with a message that told readers to persevere (坚持) at all costs. It reminded me of a conversation I had. My colleague's teaching assistant was asking for my advice. He wanted to know when to quit something. He described how he'd been playing an online game with people for some time. It hadn't been very fun lately, but there was always that small chance of a reward (upgraded equipment, etc.).
I inquired further about his relationship with the players and his gains from the game. I then discussed the sunk cost dilemma, a concept I studied in advanced school due to its personal impact. In high school, I applied to five universities, planning to choose the cheapest one. SUU offered the best scholarship, and after paying a $100 commitment fee, I heard back from another school with an even better scholarship. Despite the new offer, I stayed committed to SUU, believing that switching schools, even if it meant acknowledging the “wasted” $100, would have been the wiser financial choice.
A rational (理性的) decision maker is not ruled by past investments, but weighs future outcomes. I didn't focus on future outcomes when weighing colleges. I focused on the money I sunk into SUU. Rather than evaluating future career options, I focused on the fact that I'd already taken elementary education courses.
I'm not the only one that's fallen__prey__to this. I wear clothes I dislike simply because I spent money on them (and that money won't come back). Unhealthy relationships last because of the invested time (leading to more unhappy years). However, time, effort, or money that you've invested doesn't mean you should continue. Society often stresses perseverance—never quit, never give up, don't waste. However, only you know your right path. Walking away can be the toughest choice. You might realize a path you're on is no longer the right one or never was.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述个人经历和身边的例子讨论了沉没成本谬误对决策的影响，并强调了决策时应当关注未来的收益而非过去的投入，应理性地考虑放弃，而不是盲目地坚持。
24．Why does the author introduce a distance runner's image at first
A．To make a contrast. B．To give a definition.
C．To draw a conclusion. D．To illustrate a theory.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I came across an image recently ... to persevere (坚持) at all costs.(最近，我看到了一张长跑运动员的照片，上面写着一句话，告诉读者要不惜一切代价坚持下去。)”并结合下文可推知，作者引用跑步者的形象及“坚持到底”的信息是为了与文章中讨论的主题形成对比，即有时放弃是更合理的选择。故选A。
25．What is the common characteristic of a rational decision maker
A．Following suit as most people.
B．Taking elementary education.
C．Valuing the development in future.
D．Overlooking past investments.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A rational (理性的) decision maker ... but weighs future outcomes.”可知，理性的决策者不会被过去的投资所左右，而是会权衡未来的结果，即重视未来的发展。故选C。
26．What does the underlined idiom “fallen prey to” mean in the last paragraph
A．Get benefits from. B．Be harmed by.
C．Be interested in. D．Get rid of.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“I wear clothes ... (and that money won‘t come back)．(我穿我不喜欢的衣服只是因为我花钱买的(而且这些钱不会再回来了)。)”可知，作者因为已经为衣服花了钱(这些钱无法收回)，所以即使不喜欢这些衣服也还在穿，这表明作者受到了已经投入的钱的“伤害”。由此可推知，fall prey to指的是受到某种事情的伤害。故选B。
27．Which is the best title of the text
A．Perseverance is a virtue B．The chosen path is the toughest
C．Cut your losses for your winners D．Walking away means losing all
解析：标题判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Society often stresses perseverance ... the right one or never was.(社会经常强调坚持不懈——永不放弃，永不言弃，不要浪费。然而，只有你自己知道正确的道路。离开可能是最艰难的选择。你可能会意识到你所走的道路不再是正确的，或者从来就不是正确的。)”可知，文章通过讲述作者个人的经历以及对沉没成本谬误的讨论，指出了在合适的时候割舍损失的智慧，而不应盲目坚持。因此，C项(及时割舍损失是明智的)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal.
This hit__home__for__me as I was sitting with my 2 year old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What's up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
There's one notable gap in my new media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在春节期间，给孙子买了本儿童纸质读物，孙子误以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。作者由此意识到当今社会人们把多媒体阅读当作日常，并谈了自己对这种现象的体会和感想。
Anyway, grandpa is now an Internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2 year old grandson sees it on his tablet.
28．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容以及画线部分后文“as I was sitting with my 2 year old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday”可知，作者作为记者，生活在讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。画线部分意为“我很清楚”。故选B。
29．Why did the kid poke the storybook
A．He took it for a tablet computer.
B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.
D．He wanted to read it by himself.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was actually a stranger to books ... thought my storybook was like that.”可知，孩子戳故事书是因为把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
30．What does the author think of himself
A．Socially ambitious. B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent. D．Digitally competent.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking ... built websites.”可知，作者可能老了，但作者编辑视频、制作音频、用移动支付，甚至建立了网站。由此可推知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
31．What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A．He lacks experience in his job.
B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department.
D．He often interviews Internet stars.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio(我很少在镜头前待着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者很少上电视。故选B。
D
Despite earning more than $100，000 in household income, many people feel that they are living month to month and that a loss of employment or sudden medical emergency could easily move them from the upper middle class to low income earners.This feeling of being on the “edge” of poverty, despite these levels of income, seems a bit ridiculous but it really comes down to easy credit, misunderstanding of their incomes and peer (同辈) group pressures.
Even in today's tough economy, for those with six figure incomes credit is easy to come by. Credit companies may have cut back offerings to those in lower income brackets (等级) due to the recent credit card reforms, but there seems to be little or no effect on high income earners. Their being able to get credit without difficulty gives them a false sense of security that makes them spend way more than their incomes can afford. That's why they accumulate credit card debt faster than average.
Many higher income earners feel like they are making lots of money now, and believe that they will continue to make big money. This may reduce their feeling that they need to watch their money carefully now. Hand in hand with that, many of them probably believe that they are making more money than they really are—or said another way, the money they make will go farther than it really does.
Meanwhile, many young professionals who are earning good incomes don't come from particularly privileged backgrounds, and their reference point may be that they are making twice (or more) than their parents were—so they spend like that as well. They don't take account of the effect of inflation (通货膨胀), which means that the cost of living is much higher than that in their parents' generation. Further, the more you earn, the more you pay in tax. Rather than focusing on after tax incomes, many high income earners only look at the top figures. A $100，000 income before tax is only about $70，000 after tax.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就高收入人群仍然觉得自己贫穷的现象进行了说明，指出信贷容易获得以及对自己的收入的误解是其感觉自己仍然贫穷的原因。
32．What causes some people to spend beyond their income according to the text
A．The effect of inflation.
B．Easy availability of credit.
C．The good economic climate.
D．Their privileged backgrounds.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their being able to ... their incomes can afford.”可知，人们能够轻易获得信贷，这导致他们超额支出消费。故选B。
33．What does the author intend to remind young professionals about in the end
A．They should focus on their top line figures.
B．They need to look ahead rather than look back.
C．They actually don't earn as much as they think.
D．They should form good personal financial habits.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They don't take account of ... in their parents' generation.”可知，年轻一代人并未意识到他们的高收入有通货膨胀的因素，他们的实际收入其实并没有想象中的那么高。故选C。
34．Who is the text centered on
A．The upper middle class. B．The lower income group.
C．People living in poverty. D．People getting into debt.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“that a loss of employment ... low income earners(失业或突发的医疗紧急情况很容易使他们从中上阶层变成低收入者)”，第三段中的“Many higher income earners”以及第四段中的“Meanwhile, many young professionals who are earning good incomes”可推知，文章针对的是中高收入人群。故选A。
35．Which of the following might be discussed in the next paragraph
A．Effects of peer group pressures.
B．Ways to keep financial stability.
C．Harm of poor money management.
D．Tips on reducing the risk of poverty.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“This feeling of ... peer (同辈) group pressures.”可知，第二至四段主要讲述中高收入人群容易受到信贷以及他们的消费观的影响。由此可推知，文章接下来会说明同辈群体压力带来的影响。故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ancient Rome was one of the world's most powerful empires more than 2，000 years ago. Romans' ideas about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today.
The Colosseum in Rome was built during the phase of the Roman Empire, in the first century AD. __36__ It is a popular tourist attraction today.
Italy, located in southern Europe, is shaped like a boot. Italy is well known for its designers, who create cars, handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in demand for their style and fine workmanship. Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than that in the past. __37__ Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too. __38__ The southern part does not offer many manufacturing jobs, so it is not very prosperous.
Italy is a member of the European Union, an organization of joint countries for better trade. The currency, or money they use is called “euro”. __39__ Food and good meals are important to Italians. Popular foods include pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there. Many families still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. __40__ Families spend a lot of time together.
A．Italy has several islands off the coast.
B．The country used to depend on agriculture.
C．Mountains cover about three fourths of the country.
D．The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
E．The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.
F．It could seat about 50，000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.
G．While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighborhood markets.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利及其首都罗马在经济和文化方面的一些特点。
36．答案：F
解析：根据上文“The Colosseum in Rome was built during the phase of the Roman Empire, in the first century AD.”可知，上文介绍了罗马斗兽场的始建年代，F项(它可以容纳大约5万人看动物和人之间的争斗。)承接上文。F项中的“It”指代上文的“The Colosseum”。故选F。
37．答案：B
解析：根据上文“Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than that in the past.”和下文“Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income.”可知，上文讲述了意大利现在的经济比以前强大了，下文讲述的是意大利现在收入的主要来源，B项(这个国家过去依赖农业。)说明其过去的经济情况，且与下文形成对比。故选B。
38．答案：E
解析：根据下文“The southern part does not offer many manufacturing jobs, so it is not very prosperous.”可知，下文介绍的是意大利南部的情况，与之对应的应该是北部的经济特点。E项(这个国家的北部是主要的制造业中心。)符合语境。故选E。
39．答案：G
解析：根据下文“Food and good meals are important to Italians. Popular foods include pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there.”可知，此处主要介绍意大利人的日常生活。G项(虽然有一些超市，但许多人在小型的社区市场购物。)符合语境。故选G。
40．答案：D
解析：根据下文“Families spend a lot of time together.”可知，在意大利，家庭成员花很多时间在一起。D项(家庭对意大利人的生活方式非常重要。)引出下文。故选D。
第三部分
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
From the top of Mount Qomolangma to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, plastic continues to pollute our environment, and it poses a significant threat to all life forms on Earth. __41__ knowing the ecological, eco toxicological, and economic effects of plastic pollution, we have not been able to forbid the use of plastic products. Now, __42__ the invention of a 17 year old girl, we finally have a much better alternative. This plastic like material is made from prawn shells (虾壳), and it divides 1.5 million times faster than most of __43__ plastic products we use today.
She extracted the carbohydrate called “chitin” from the shells and used chemical change to turn it into chitosan (基糖). She then mixed it with an insoluble protein called “fibroin”， which is found in silk cocoons. Using the __44__ of these two organic materials, Arora created a plastic like material that __45__ completely within just 33 days. Moreover, this plastic __46__ nitrogen (氮) when dividing, which is why it can be used as mulch or plant fertilizer.
In the 2018 Broken Hill Proprietary company (BHP) Billiton Foundation Science and Engineering Awards, Arora was awarded the Innovator to Market Award. She also gained international __47__ through the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Thousands of __48__ students from over 81 nations participated in the competition, and Arora came in fourth for her creativity. She also won a comprehensive __49__ to one of the best universities in the United States.
The 17 year old, now a student of medicine, is on a search to __50__ the usage of traditional plastic. She has produced the final prototype of her product, and it is ready to be produced commercially. However, before that happens, she has to __51__ legal formalities (合法手续) such as patenting. She is also talking to supermarkets and __52__ them to use her biodegradable plastic, which is insoluble, durable, and transparent. It can be used for all kinds of packaging, and the producing cost of the product is also __53__ than most biodegradable products.
An __54__ young woman, Angelina Arora wants to make a difference in the world, and she wants to encourage other young people, especially young women, to __55__ their passion and make a positive difference however they can. Thus, women are now getting stronger and stronger.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁女孩Arora (奥罗拉)发明了一种易降解的类似塑料的材料，非常环保，并且她鼓励其他年轻人做出积极的改变。
41．A.Without B．Besides
C．Except D．Despite
解析：句意：尽管我们知道塑料污染有着生态、生态毒理学和经济的影响，但我们还是不能禁止使用塑料产品。故选D。
42．A.but for B．other than
C．thanks to D．rather than
解析：but for 要不是；other than 除了……之外；thanks to 多亏；幸亏；rather than 而不是。根据下文“we finally have a much better alternative”可知，多亏了一个17岁女孩的发明，我们终于有了更好的替代物。故选C。
43．A.commercial B．comprehensive
C．contrary D．constant
解析：句意：这种类似塑料的材料是由虾壳制成的，它的分解速度比我们今天使用的大多数商业塑料产品快150万倍。commercial 商业的；comprehensive 全面的；contrary 相反的；constant 不断的。故选A。
44．A.similarity B．distinction
C．combination D．contact
解析：similarity 相似性；distinction 差别；combination 结合；contact 联系。根据下文“Arora created a plastic like material”可知，Arora创造了一种类似塑料的材料，所以Arora要先结合两种有机材料。故选C。
45．A.breaks down B．takes down
C．puts down D．sets down
解析：句意：利用这两种有机材料的结合，Arora创造了一种类似塑料的材料，在33天内可以完全分解。break down 分解；take down 记下；put down 放下；set down 放置；写下。故选A。
46．A.reduces B．releases
C．stores D．increases
解析： reduce 减少；release 释放；store 储存；increase 增加。根据下文“nitrogen (氮) when dividing”可知，当塑料分解时，它会释放氮气。故选B。
47．A.disapproval B．ability
C．recognition D．profit
解析：句意：她还通过英特尔国际科学与工程博览会获得了国际认可。故选C。
48．A.courageous B．brilliant
C．generous D．honest
解析：句意：来自超过81个国家的数千名杰出的学生参加了比赛，Arora因为她的创造力排名第四。courageous 勇敢的；brilliant 杰出的；generous 慷慨的；honest 诚实的。故选B。
49．A.scholarship B．medal
C．admiration D．election
解析：根据下文“now a student of medicine”可知，她获得了该大学的综合奖学金。故选A。
50．A.require B．remain
C．remove D．reflect
解析：根据上文“forbid the use of plastic products”可知，此处指除去传统塑料的使用。故选C。
51．A.see through B．go through
C．pass through D．get through
解析：句意：然而，在此之前，她必须取得合法手续，如专利申请。see through 识破：go through (法律、协议、决定等)获得通过；pass through 穿过；通过；get through 完成。故选B。
52．A.forbidding B．allowing
C．forcing D．urging
解析：根据下文“them to use her biodegradable plastic”可知，因为要推广她的新的环保产品，所以她要对他们进行劝说。故选D。
53．A.clearer B．higher
C．cheaper D．lower
解析：根据上文“which is insoluble, durable, and transparent”可知，这种塑料有很多优点，所以生产成本低于其他产品也是优点之一。故选D。
54．A.innocent B．inspiring
C．independent D．interesting
解析：根据上文“Now, __42__ the invention of a 17 year old girl, we finally have a much better alternative.”可知，此处指她是一个鼓舞人心的年轻女性。故选B。
55．A.follow B．oppose
C．destroy D．damage
解析：句意：作为一个鼓舞人心的年轻女性，Angelina Arora想要改变世界，她想要鼓励其他年轻人，尤其是年轻女性，追随她们的热情，尽其所能做出积极的改变。故选A。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Qingming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, is believed to have a history of about 2，500 years. Over centuries, Chinese people __56__ (develop) colorful traditions, the most important of __57__ is honoring ancestors.
Besides burning paper money, in some regions, firecrackers are also set off while sweeping tombs to inform their ancestors of the family's __58__ (present) and drive away evil spirits. Although these customs are deeply rooted in traditional culture, it is important in modern society __59__ (abandon) old practices, observe civilized rituals and reduce carbon emission.
__60__ (fortunate), many places have issued proposals for civilized tomb sweeping, not only advocating for citizens to strengthen their safety awareness but also __61__ particular providing various civilized tomb sweeping methods for citizens to refer to.
Examples include encouraging __62__ use of fresh flowers and tree planting memorials instead of burning paper money. Promoting simple funeral practices, __63__ (simplify) funeral ceremonies, and supporting eco burials as well as visiting red education bases to learn about the heroic deeds of revolutionary martyrs (烈士) __64__ (be) also other preferable options.
Understanding the essence of the Qingming Festival itself is far __65__ (essential) than pursuing traditional forms. Civilized and low carbon tomb sweeping will be more in line with the essence of cherishing memories and respecting life.
56.__________　57.________　58.________　59.________　60.________　
61.__________　62.________　63.________　64.________　65.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清明节的传统祭扫活动以及现代社会提倡的更文明的祭扫方式。
56．答案：have developed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Over centuries可知，应用现在完成时，主语Chinese people为复数，助动词应用have。故填have developed。
57．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处是“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是traditions，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
58．答案：presence
解析：考查词性转换。名词所有格后应用名词presence，不可数。故填presence。
59．答案：to abandon
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这些习俗深深植根于传统文化，但在现代社会，摒弃旧习、遵守文明仪式、减少碳排放是很重要的。固定句型it is important to do sth意为“做某事是重要的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to abandon。
60．答案：Fortunately
解析：考查词性转换。句意：幸运的是，许多地方都出台了文明扫墓的建议，不仅倡导市民加强安全意识，而且特别提供了各种文明扫墓的方法供市民参考。设空处应用副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运的是”，应用fortunately。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。
61．答案：in
解析：考查介词。固定短语in particular意为“尤其”。故填in。
62．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。根据后文的介词短语 of fresh flowers作定语可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
63．答案：simplifying
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：推广简葬、简化丧葬仪式，支持生态墓葬，参观红色教育基地，了解革命烈士的英雄事迹，也是更好的选择。根据and可知，此处和其他动名词短语并列作主语，应用动名词。故填simplifying。
64．答案：are
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是四个并列的动名词短语，be动词应用复数，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。
65．答案：more essential
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据设空后的than可知，应用形容词的比较级，作表语。故填more essential。
第四部分
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是宁夏育才中学的李华，你的朋友李雷给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的 APP，用这个软件共享书籍，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的书籍，给出理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Li Lei，
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Li Lei，
Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing books, I feel truly proud of your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my books on your app. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, it will be wonderful for me to learn that someone can share my happiness of reading my books. Additionally, sharing books may pave the way for a good friendship based on our common interest. What's more, your app will make reading available to more disadvantaged students, who can read a wide range of books without actually spending any money.
To summarize, sharing my books on your app benefits both others and me. It will be very popular among the students.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During my first year as a middle school math teacher, I designed and tried a classroom money system to motivate and engage my students. Each day, students who came to class well prepared earned a salary of 25 “royal” dollars. From the salary earned, the students paid monthly rent on their chairs and taxes on their classroom materials. My goals for the program were to help students learn the importance of financial management while promoting positive classroom behavior.
I gave students daily opportunities to earn additional salary such as 10 dollars for catching my errors, 50 dollars for good mathematical arguments, and 100 dollars for outdoing an assessment. Students put any money they earned in our class bank. As the banker, I maintained the accounts and informed students of dangerously low balances. After all, students knew what happened when they didn't have the money to pay rent, and none wanted to lose his or her chair. After the students paid their rent, taxes and any fines, they could spend their remaining money on class auction (拍卖) items like snacks and school supplies.
My system worked beautifully and the students were fully engaged. They soon realized that use of inappropriate language or coming late to class was not financially beneficial.
Three weeks into school Mayra met me at the door with a question.
“How much would it cost to buy my chair？”
“Buy your chair？”
“Well, if I could buy my chair, I won't have to pay you rent each month. Then I'll have more money to spend at the auction.”
“If you prefer to save your money and purchase your chair, you can buy it for 600 dollars.”
“So if I sit on the floor for twenty more days, I'll have enough money to buy my chair？”
“Absolutely！”
She and several of her tablemates began to gather their materials and returned to the floor of our classroom. I thought to myself, “This won't last long.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I certainly underestimated the resolve of my students.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Two weeks later, Mayra arrived at my door announcing, “Today, I can buy my chair！” ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在所教班级设计了一个教室金融体系，帮助学生们学习金融管理技能的同时，培养良好的班级纪律。一天，Mayra(玛拉)决定攒钱买椅子。为什么作者说低估了学生们的决心？两周后，Mayra得到椅子了吗？
[精彩范文]
I certainly underestimated the resolve of my students. Mayra made a simple cushion from the collected materials. I think it's just a temporary pleasure. She would abandon eventually, after all it was uncomfortable to sit on the floor for twenty more days, even with a cushion. However, she lasted not only the hour, but the following days, which made me surprised.
Two weeks later, Mayra arrived at my door announcing, “Today, I can buy my chair！” With no direction from me, she had recorded each deposit she had made. I gave my congratulations to her. She proudly took her “bought” seat at her table. At the end of class, Mayra came to me with another question, “Now, can I save more money and buy Jose's chair, and then charge him higher rent？” I laughed. Clearly, my goal of improving financial management had been met by at least one of my students and I'm sure those skills will serve her well in the future.

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