资源简介

(共50张PPT)
Attributive Clause
定语从句
1. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
2. They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
3. My bike was old and shaky did the job.
4. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place _______________you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
5. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 　 　 opened in 1759.
6. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
and
or
but
where
that/which
What
At the New Year's Eve gala staged by Bilibili, a short-video sharing platform popular with young people, celebrity virtual idol Luo Tianyi performed five songs in 10 minutes appeared alongside real-life dancers to celebrate the 10th anniversary of her debut. The show attracted more than 1.4 billion views.
and
1.(2023·孝感高考模拟)Apart from that, the decorated resumes do little help to find a job _________________ most HR managers pay more attention to skills.
2. (2021·全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky ____________ did the job.
3. (2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100－kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ____________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
4. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my son’s life，”said Mrs. Brown.“I don’t know ____________ to thank him.”
5.(全国Ⅲ卷)Over time, ____________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
并列连词or从属连词：
because
but
who
how
as/when
Keys in conjuctions:
1.定： 定连词
2. 分： 区分并列/从属连词
3. 析：由 确定从句类型
4.特：注意连词使用的特殊情况（符号，固定搭配）
两谓一连
完整性
设空位置
The Little Prince
小王子，小说就是以他命名的，是一个神秘可爱的孩子。
他住在被称作B-612小星球，是那个小星球唯一居民。
小王子离别自己的星球和所爱的玫瑰花开始宇宙旅行，
最后来到了地球，在撒哈拉沙漠，小王子遇到小说的叙述者飞行员，并和他成了好朋友。
小说的叙述者是个飞行员，飞行员因飞机故障迫降在撒哈拉大沙漠，在那里遇见了小王子。
小王子在沙漠见到狐狸。聪明的狐狸要求小王子驯养他，
虽然狐狸在两者中显得更有知识，他使小王子明白什么是生活的本质。
不懂爱情且略有“矫情”的花儿。她的内心爱慕、依赖、渴望着小王子，
但是自身性格的缺陷却使她不能完全表达自己对小王子的情谊，导致小王子出走。
但在离开的日子里，小王子内心一直存在着花儿。
蛇是小王子在地球遇到的第一个人物;
也是他最终咬了小王子，把小王子送回天堂。
The simple tale tells the story of a child, the little prince, who travels the universe gaining wisdom. The novella (短篇故事) has been translated into hundreds of languages and has sold some 200 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling books in publishing history.
The little prince is written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.This small book contains a fairy tale, a story about many things. First of all, Innocence of Childhood and love. The prince loves his roses, but felt disappointed by something the rose said. As doubt grows, he decides to explore other planet. The little prince discovers that his rose is not the only one of its kind, there are thousands of them in a garden, but then he realizes that his rose is special "because it is she that I have watered; because it is she that I have put under the glass globe; because it is she that I have sheltered behind the screen" .
安托万德圣埃克苏佩里(AntoinedeSaint-Exupéry,1900-1944) 法国文学史上最神奇的作家(他同时是个飞行员,参加过两次世界大战),与伏尔泰、卢梭、雨果同入先贤祠。其经典代表作《小王子》。.
Plot Summary
The narrator introduces himself as a man who learned when he was a child that adults lack imagination and understanding. He is now a pilot who has crash-landed in a desert. He encounters a small boy who asks him for a drawing of a sheep, and the narrator followed. The narrator, who calls the child the little prince, learns that the boy comes from a very small planet, which the narrator believes to be asteroid（行星） B-612. Over the course of the next few days, the little prince tells the narrator about his life. On his asteroid-planet, which is no bigger than a house, the prince spends his time pulling up baobab seedlings, lest they grow big enough to engulf(吞没） the tiny planet. One day a rose grows on the planet, and the prince loves her with all his heart. However, her vanity（虚荣心） and demands become too much for the prince, and he leaves.
Appreciate and Observe
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。汉语翻译中中常用，“......的”表示。
The novel which come out in 1837 was a big hit .
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词
关系词：1.连接从句；2.替代先行词；
主句
I know the girl.
The girl wears a white coat.
I know the girl who/that wears a white coat.
关系词
先行词
一、定语从句的概念
定语从句三要素：
1.先行词
2.关系词
3.关系词在从句中作成分
1. God helps those who help themselves.
2. Everything is ready, and all that we need is an east wind.
3.Don’t expect people to do things which you would not do yourself.
Enjoy some proverbs, and try to translate them.
自助者天助也。
万事俱备，只欠东风。
己所不欲，勿施于人。
4. True friendship is like sound health ,the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.
5. A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.
前人栽树，后人乘凉，社会才有进步。
Enjoy some proverbs, and try to translate them.
真正的友谊就像健康一样，失掉了才觉得宝贵。
Some strong-willed person subjected to the test of time parting showed admirable obedience and fortitude.
一些意志坚定的人会在经受生离死别考验时表现出令人羡慕的顺从与刚毅。
He was the greatest critical novelist in the 19th century. He wrote 14 novels and many other short stories in his lifetime ,among which Oliver Twist I like best. His style was realistic and humors .He gave us a vivid picture of life of ordinary people. His works shows sympathy for the poor.
Charles Dickens
1) Charles Dickens is a famous English critical realism novelist, ______ creates some of the world's memorable fictional characters, one of ________ is Oliver Twist.
who
whom
2) This is a world-famous film _______ is adapted from a well-known novel, _______ name is Oliver Twist written by Charles Dickens.
that
whose
3) The boy suffered poor treatment in a workhouse. This was the reason _____ he made up his mind to go to London.
why
4) In London he met a local pickpockets gang, ______ there was a powerful crime leader called Fagin.
where
5) Oliver was trapped into the darkness and he was always dreaming about peaceful days, ______ he could be loved and respected, ______ came true eventually.
when
which
费金
奥利弗
布朗洛
梅丽
南希
赛克斯
偷盗团伙首领，书中常称他为“犹太人”
孤儿，温柔、
坚韧、善良
热心的绅士，正直善良，一直在帮助奥利弗
邪恶的罪犯，无恶不作，差一点就让奥利弗遭受枪杀。
犯罪团伙中的一员，但良心并未泯灭，冒着生命危险搭救奥利弗，最后却被自己最心爱的男人残忍杀害
梅丽太太的养女，热情善良，不顾一切地帮助奥利弗
同伙
同伙
深爱
残忍杀害
搭救
亲姨妈
教唆儿童偷盗
奥利弗父亲生前的挚友
帮助与收留
人物关系
Character relationship
Part Ⅰ—Introduction of main characters
1) Oliver Twist, the hero of the novel, was a pity boy, ______ was born in a workhouse. He was treated cruelly there, ______ was the norm for poor children. Then he escaped to London and met a thief gang __________ forced him to work for them. During the process, he suffered plenty of pain ___________ made him terrible. Fortunately, he was taken in and looked after by a kind person __________ was his father's friend. Although Oliver experienced a great deal of hardship, he kept his kindness and innocence_________ was rare and commendable.
who
which
that/who
that/which
that/who
that/which
that,who,whom指人，在从句中充当宾语；
that,which指物，在从句中充当宾语；
非限制性定语从句中，在从句中充当主语，指人用who，指物用which
2) Fagin ______________ others considered to be the most controversial figure of the novel, was a crime leader. One the one hand, he had a great affection for money ____________ he was greedy for. On the other hand, he provided a place for orphans and took good care of them, among ______ were Bates and Sikes. In Oliver's opinion, he was a warm-hearted man in some way, because of ________ Oliver made a prayer for him when he was sentenced to death.
that/who/whom
that/which
whom
which
that,who指人，在从句中充当主语，且不可省略；
that,which指物，在从句中充当主语，且不可省略；
介词后面，指人用whom，指物用which
3) Nancy was a woman ___________ worked for Fagin and tried to help Oliver, ______ led to her death. She was passionate, caring and loved Sikes, _______ behaviors were cruel. At last, Sikes killed himself.4) Mr. Brownlow was a gentleman __________ took Oliver in and discovered his true parentage.5) Monks was Oliver's elder brother ___________ was eager to own the possessions _______ ownership should belong to Oliver according to their father's will.
that/who
which
whose
that/who
that/who
whose
关系代词 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语
whose 人或物（关系） 定语
关系代词在定语从句中做宾语可以省略
Summary
1.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place___________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
3.【2022·全国新I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4.【2022·浙江】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _______ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
5.【2021·全国新高考II卷】I decided that if I learned of a company_______ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
链接高考
that/which
whose
that
that/which
who/that
2.她是上帝派来让你遇见的那个天使。
她是上帝派来的天使。 _____________________
你遇见那个上帝派来的天使。_____________________
合并为：She is the heaven-sent angel (that) you met.
【合句练习】
She is the heaven-sent angel.
You meet the heaven-sent-angel.
1. 他就是我正在寻找的那个人
他就是那个人。 ___________________________
我正在寻找的人。 ________________________
He is the man.
I am looking for the man.
合并为：He is the man who I am looking for.
【合句练习】
2.我想要一个窗户朝南的房间。
我想要一个房间 ___________________________
房间的窗户朝南。 ____________________________
I would like a room.
The window of room faces south.
合并为：I'd like a room whose window faces south.
【合句练习】
1. (2020·广东佛山七校联考)Drink it，_____you will think quicker, move more swiftly and even see more clearly.
2. (2023杭州二中5月仿真)People are wondering what happened to Ma Sichun. In a video, she publicly admitted that she has been suffering from depression ______hadn't realized that it was a disease.
3. Richard traveled in disguise was recognized and caught before reaching Vienna.
4. During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing
arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
5. （2020全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interesting to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so __________ the familiar near side.
6. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
and
but
but
and
than
that
并列连词和从句连词：1. 两谓一连 2. 完整性为根本 3. 是否省略主语（代入法）
1. 在桌上的那盏灯是我父亲买的。
那盏灯是我爸爸买的。 ______________________________
那盏灯在桌上。 ___________________________
The lamp was bought by my father.
The lamp was on the desk.
合并为：The lamp which was on the desk was bought by my father.
【合句练习】
2.那个你刚碰到的男人被叫做Tom。
那个男人被叫做Tom。___________________________
你刚碰到的男人。___________________________
The man is called Tom.
You met the man just now.
合并为：The man (whom) you met just now is called Tom.
【合句练习】
1. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
他有一个朋友。 _______________________
他朋友爸爸是医生。 ________________________
He has a friend.
His friend's father is a doctor.
合并为：He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
【合句练习】
练习：将下列两个句子合并成定语从句。
1.The man is our teacher. The man is talking with my parents.
2.This is the river. The river runs through the forest.
3.The children are in the same class. Their parents are working in the big city.
4.This is the factory. The roof of the factory is broken
5.The book is interesting. I like the book very much.
The book which/that I like very much is interesting
The man who is talking with my parents is our teacher.
This is the river that/which runs through the forest.
The children whose parents are working in the big city are in the same class.
This is the factory whose roof is broken.
Part Ⅱ—Description of a typical scene
1) Among other public buildings, the worst building was called workhouse ________ ______________________________ (可怜的奥利弗就出生在这里).2) Darkness enveloped the terrible place_______________________________
在这里奥利弗吃不饱穿不暖).
in which the pitiful Oliver was born
where the pitiful Oliver couldn’t live well
1. where指地点，在从句中充当地点状语；
★指地点时，关系副词where=介词+关系代词which
3) Oliver and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months _________________________________________(在那个时间里他们仅仅只被提供一小碗粥). They were so hungry and all of them were looking forward to the occasions of great public rejoicing (欢庆）_______________________________________ _____________________ (在那个时候他们还会额外分得2.25盎司的面包).4) At last they got so voracious （贪吃）and wild with hunger. So, the reason _____________ ___________________________ (为什么奥利弗要走上前多要一点的原因) was obvious.
5)The master aimed a blow at Oliver’s head with ladle and he also didn’t know the reason___________________________________ (奥利弗竟然敢要更多的原因).
when they were given a small bowl of porringer
when they had two ounces and a quarter of bread besides
for which Oliver went forward to ask for more
for which Oliver dared to ask for more
3. why指原因，在从句中充当原因状语；
★指原因时，关系副词why=for+关系代词which
技巧2：介词的选用原则
1. 根据定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来决定。如：
(1) This is the book which I spent 8 yuan.
(2) Have you found the book which I paid 5 dollars
spend money on sth.为固定搭配
pay money for sth.为固定搭配
on
for
介词选什么？解题的关键在哪里？
2. 根据定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
(1) Can you explain to me how to use these idioms
which I’m not sure？
be sure about sth.对...有把握
sb. be familiar with sth. 对...感到熟悉
sth. be familiar to sb.
about
with
(2) We suppose that the meanings of these underwater sounds are similar to those which we are familiar on land.
3. 介词与定语从句中的先行词构成的固定搭配。如：
to
in
on
on + the day
in + the year
to the/a degree “在某种程度上”
(2) I will never forget the year____which my son went to college.
(3) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree____which they can be controlled on purpose.(重庆卷)
(1) I will never forget the day____which I joined the army.
常考固定搭配
spend… on 在...方面花费 pay for 为...而付钱
talk with/to/about 与...交谈/谈论 give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
be sure about 确信 live in 居住
argue about 争论 learn from 向...学习
turn to 转向/致力于 be similar to 与……相似
refer to 指的是 shake hands with 与...握手
be married to 与...结婚 be famous for 因...而著名
come from 来自 send sth. to sb. 发送到
be interested in… 对……感兴趣 search for 搜索……
关系词 先行词 在从句中充当成分
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
Summary
链接高考
1.【2023全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,_________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
2【2021·天津】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
3.【2021·天津】 In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
4.【2020·全国I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth
5.Many young people, most of _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
where
where
when
where
whom
Part Ⅲ — Comments from readers
1) All the characters ________which are portrayed in the novel represent different social classes.
2) I am absorbed in the great story, thinking this is the best novel _____I’ve read and it is the first moment ______ I’d like to enjoy again and again.
3)While reading the novel, I am impressed with Oliver’s innocence--the very thing ________ he owned all the time although he was forced to commit crimes. There was nothing could change his kindness.
4) I appreciate the inspiring things and kind persons_______ I meet in the novel, that have taught me to face difficulties bravely.
that
that
that
that
that
先行词是all , much, nothing等不定代词或被不定代词所修饰；
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰；
先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰；
先行词有人又有物
定语从句三步解体法：
一、先找出主句；
二、确定先行词
三、判断关系词在从句中作的成分
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
that(主语/宾语), who(主语/宾语), whom(宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语、宾语), which(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
关系词在从句中做状语时，连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词
跟踪达标训练
一、单句语法填空
1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014　　　　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running
reduced the risk of heart disease.2. [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing programme 　　____——gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers… 3. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] But Sarah, 　　　　has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 4.(2015·江苏卷)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
5. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　　　I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
which/that
which/that
who
as
when
6. (2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ___ helps them keep fit.7. (2018·天津卷)Kate, ___ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.8. (2018·江苏卷)Self driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.9. (2017·北京卷)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.10.(2017·天津卷)My eldest son, ___ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
which
whose
where
that
whose
练习：将下列两个句子合并成定语从句。
1.The man is our teacher. The man is talking with my parents.
2.This is the river. The river runs through the forest.
3.The children are in the same class. Their parents are working in the big city.
4.This is the factory. The roof of the factory is broken
5.The book is interesting. I like the book very much.
The book which/that I like very much is interesting
The man who is talking with my parents is our teacher.
This is the river that/which runs through the forest.
The children whose parents are working in the big city are in the same class.
This is the factory whose roof is broken.
1.（2023上海卷英语真题作文）我很高兴得知我们学校正在组织以“快乐童年”为主题的英语节，每个学生都被邀请提供他们生活中的一件物品来展出。
I'm glad to know that our school is organizing an English festival with the theme “Happy Childhood’, where each student is invited to provide an item from their life to be exhibited.
2.（2023年全国甲卷试题）孔子的一生给我们提供了宝贵的经验。他强调自我修养，尊重长辈，追求知识，在我们这个快节奏，互联互通的世界里，这是一盏指路明灯。他的教诲提醒我们正直，慈悲和社会责任的重要性。
Confucius’s life offers valuable lessons. He stressed the self-cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced and interconnected world. His teachings remind us of the importance of integrity, compassion, and social responsibility.
（
二、翻译
1. 定语从句写内心独白，通过描写母亲的变化来表达自己的感情The last thing I needed was criticism from my mother. What had happened to the mother who used to snuggle up to me on the sofa, loving me with complete acceptance, and who thought everything I did was wonderful 我最不需要的是母亲的批评。曾经和我一起蜷缩在沙发上，完全接受和爱我，认为我所做的一切都是美好的母亲去哪了？
二、背诵
2.Parents always think, “I’ll create family time next Saturday.” But you don’t always have to do big things to fill children’s hearts. In fact, the simple act of being present means the world to little hearts. Look at that face! Those are the eyes of a little one who received nothing. And everything. 父母总是想，“下周六我会创造家庭时间。但你并不总是需要做大事来填满孩子的心。事实上，在场的简单行为对小心脏来说意味着世界。看看那张脸！那有一双小孩的一无所获的眼睛，又仿佛什么都有了。
3. That experience was one of the most impressive of my lifetime and one I will certainly cherish forever. 那段经历是我一生中最令人印象深刻的经历之一，我肯定会永远珍惜它。
4.At that moment, I realized how important it is to give a bit of care to those in need.在那一刻，我意识到给那些需要的人一点关心是多么地重要。
5.I have learned from watching my mom that if I don’t have the courage to try, even if the chances of failure are slim, I will never insist. The opportunities I have are without bounds because my mother showed me how to live beyond limits. 我从我妈妈身上学到，如果我没有勇气去尝试，即使失败的机会很小，我也永远不会坚持。我拥有的机会是无限的，因为我的母亲教会了我如何超越极限。

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