资源简介

强化训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·郴州市一模)
The buildings in which we live, work and shop shape our experiences. The construction and maintenance of these buildings also require significant resources.So a growing number of architects are trying to design buildings while keeping both sustainability and quality of life in mind. The term “green building” can refer to one of these structures or to the process of constructing them.
Any structure is considered a green building if it fits certain criteria. Most of these criteria have to do with environmental concerns, especially those related to climate change. For example, green buildings are made of sustainable materials and use water and energy efficiently as well as renewable energy sources. Green building advocates do care about the humans involved, though; one of the criteria is that the building will improve its occupants' quality of life.
Sometimes a single feature contributes to more than one criterion. For example, many green buildings have large windows, which save energy on lighting. But natural light also has health benefits for humans, such as increasing vitamin D production, improving sleep and reducing seasonal depression. These windows thus kill two birds with one stone, saving energy and keeping people fit.
The construction process for a green building should also have minimal environmental impact. This means it should be energy efficient, avoid pollution and minimize waste.
A commercial building in Hong Kong, includes numerous features that employ new technology to improve its occupants' well being. For example, they cool the building using chilled beams rather than air vents, and then eliminate uncomfortable drafts. In addition to conventional air filters, they also used a paint that purifies the air, improving air quality in the building beyond what a filter could do alone.
It's just one of the many green building projects carried out by the World Green Building Council. It is an organization with branches all over the world that collaborates with businesses, organizations and governments to encourage green buildings. Its website lists numerous examples of green buildings and highlights some of the features that made them successful. These buildings include residences, office buildings and more.
语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑的定义、特点及其推广。
1．What are the characteristics of the green building
A．It should be built in the woods.
B．The essential colour of the building is green.
C．It is environmentally friendly while supporting quality life.
D．The maintenance of this building doesn't consume natural resources.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, green buildings are made of sustainable materials and use water and energy efficiently as well as renewable energy sources. Green building advocates do care about the humans involved, though; one of the criteria is that the building will improve its occupants' quality of life.(例如，绿色建筑由可持续材料制成，有效利用水和能源以及可再生能源。然而，绿色建筑倡导者确实关心与之相关的人类；其中一个标准是该建筑将提高居住者的生活质量。)”可知，绿色建筑的特点是环保的，同时支持高质量的生活。故选C项。
2．What are the advantages of using large windows in buildings from the passage
A．They are energy efficient and good for health.
B．The buildings with large windows are more beautiful.
C．They are good for cutting the cost of building the house.
D．The occupants can have a better view with large windows.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, many green buildings have large windows, which save energy on lighting. But natural light also has health benefits for humans, such as increasing vitamin D production, improving sleep and reducing seasonal depression. These windows thus kill two birds with one stone, saving energy and keeping people fit.(例如，许多绿色建筑都有大窗户，这样可以节省照明能源。但自然光对人类健康也有好处，比如增加维生素D的产生，改善睡眠，减少季节性抑郁症。因此，这些窗户一举两得，既节约能源，又使人保持健康。)”可知，在建筑物中使用大窗户的优势是既节能又有益健康。故选A项。
3．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Cause. B．Activate.
C．Prevent. D．Remove.
解析：D　词句猜测题。画线词句前文“A commercial building in Hong Kong, includes numerous features that employ new technology to improve its occupants' well being. For example, they cool the building using chilled beams rather than air vents(香港的一座商业建筑，包括许多采用新技术来改善居住者福祉的功能。例如，他们使用冷梁而不是通风口来冷却建筑物，)”说明为了改善居住者的福祉，他们使用冷梁而不是通风口来冷却建筑物来改善空气，从而推知画线词句“and then eliminate uncomfortable drafts.(然后eliminate不舒服的气流。)”其中画线词应为“消除”的意思，与D项“移除，去除”同义。故选D项。
4．What does the World Green Building Council do to promote green buildings
A．It sets strict regulations for construction companies.
B．It certifies green buildings based on a single criterion.
C.It cooperates with many groups to foster green building.
D．It provides financial support for building green buildings.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It's just one of the many green building projects carried out by the World Green Building Council. It is an organization with branches all over the world that collaborates with businesses, organizations and governments to encourage green buildings. Its website lists numerous examples of green buildings and highlights some of the features that made them successful. These buildings include residences, office buildings and more.(这只是世界绿色建筑委员会开展的众多绿色建筑项目之一。它是一个分支机构遍布世界各地的组织，与企业、组织和政府合作，鼓励绿色建筑。)”可知，世界绿色建筑委员会通过与许多团体合作来推广绿色建筑。故选C项。
B
(2025·宁德五校期中)
US and Canadian researchers recently calculated the total amount of the worlds groundwater and estimated that it is equal to a lake 180 metres deep covering the entire Earth. This makes groundwater the largest active freshwater resource on the planet. The team also investigated its age. How did they do this
Humans introduced a convenient time signature on the Earth when we started testing atomic (原子的) weapons. This leaves a time stamp which can be found in water, rocks and living organisms. By seeing if radioactivity (放射性) from atomic bomb testing was present in the groundwater, the researchers could estimate that about 6% of this groundwater is younger than 50 years old. If this water was spread evenly over the continents, then there is just three metres depth of modern groundwater spread equally over the continents.
It could be argued that if we use only this modern groundwater, then this is sustainable, as we know that it has been replaced or recharged (被补充) by natural processes over the last 50 years. But how quickly groundwater recharges changes over time.
Water has to reach the inside of rocks, either now or in the past. This means that the amount of rainfall has to be more than the amount of water evaporating (蒸发) from the land surface, and more than the amount of water used by all the plants. When this occurs, fresh water can recharge the groundwater from either water “leaking” from the beds of rivers or from rainwater that passes through the soil.
In many parts of the world we know that groundwater recharge varies due to natural climate variability such as El Nino. Groundwater recharge will also change with global warming.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下水成为地球上最大的活跃淡水资源的现象以及地下水的可持续性。
5．How did the researchers estimate the age of the groundwater
A．By analyzing its chemical composition.
B．By testing atomic bomb.
C．By examining its freshness.
D．By finding its time stamp.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Humans introduced a convenient time signature on the Earth when we started testing atomic (原子的) weapons. This leaves a time stamp which can be found in water, rocks and living organisms. By seeing if radioactivity (放射性) from atomic bomb testing was present in the groundwater, the researchers could estimate that about 6% of this groundwater is younger than 50 years old. (人类在开始测试原子武器时，在地球上引入了一个方便的时间标记。这一时间戳可以在水、岩石和生物体中找到。通过检测地下水中是否存在来自核试验的放射性物质，研究人员可以估计大约6%的地下水年龄小于50岁。)”可知，研究人员通过找出核弹测试所留下的时间戳来估算地下水的年龄。故选D。
6．What do people think of the supply of “modern” groundwater
A．It's limited. B．It's fresh.
C．It's vital. D．It's abundant.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“If this water was spread evenly over the continents, then there is just three metres depth of ‘modern’ groundwater spread equally over the continents. (如果这些水平均分布在各大洲，那么只有3米深的‘现代’地下水平均分布在各大洲。)”可知，人们认为这种“现代”地下水是有限的。故选A项。
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Water evaporating.
B．Water leaking from river beds.
C．Water getting into rocks.
D．Water being used by all the plants.
解析：C　词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Water has to reach the inside of rocks, either now or in the past. This means that the amount of rainfall has to be more than the amount of water evaporating (蒸发) from the land surface, and more than the amount of water used by all the plants. When this occurs, fresh water can recharge the groundwater from either water “leaking” from the beds of rivers or from rainwater that passes through the soil. (无论是现在还是过去，水都必须进入岩石内部。这意味着降雨量必须大于从陆地表面蒸发的水量，并且大于所有植物使用的水量。当这种情况发生时，淡水可以从河床‘泄漏’的水或通过土壤的雨水中补充地下水。)”可知，this指代上文提到的水进入岩石。A.Water evaporating水蒸发；B.Water leaking from river beds河床漏水；C.Water getting into rocks水渗入岩石；D.Water being used by all the plants水被所有植物使用。故选C项。
8．What are the last three paragraphs mainly talking about
A．Groundwater sustainability.
B．Climate variability.
C．Groundwater exploration.
D．Global warming.
解析：A　主旨大意题。通读最后三段，尤其是根据倒数第三段中“It could be argued that if we use only this modern groundwater, then this is sustainable, as we know that it has been replaced or recharged (被补充) by natural processes over the last 50 years. (有人可能会说，如果我们只使用这种现代地下水，那么这是可持续的，因为我们知道，在过去的50年里，它已经被自然过程所取代或补充)”和倒数第二段中“When this occurs, fresh water can recharge the groundwater from either water ‘leaking’ from the beds of rivers or from rainwater that passes through the soil. (当这种情况发生时，淡水可以从河床‘泄漏’的水或通过土壤的雨水中补充地下水)”以及最后一段中“Groundwater recharge will also change with global warming. (地下水补给也将随着全球变暖而改变)”可知，最后三段主要讲地下水的可持续性。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·深圳市一调)
Natalie and Callie, both 13 years old, started raising monarch butterflies for fun in 2020.
But after realizing the monarch is an endangered species, their 1. soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 2. since the early 1990s, due to habitat 3. and widespread use of chemicals, which made the milkweeds(马利筋草) the monarchs 4. for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national non profit group to plant a native garden 5. for the monarchs.The garden grew organic milkweeds that 6. and kept the butterflies.To help 7. the locals to sustain the monarch population, they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town, but it 8. a lot.To cover the expense, they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their 9. milkweeds for people to plant.Although the fundraising days were 10. ， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people's support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their 11. of taking care of butterflies, but they are not 12. with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of 13. to guarantee a safe environment for the monarchs，” said Natalie.In the award ceremony, their teacher Brian 14. ， “I am so proud of them for their constant 15. ．”
语篇导读：文章讲述了两个13岁的女孩纳塔莉和考利从养帝王蝶的业余爱好到致力于保护帝王蝶的故事，她们的项目最终获奖且受到好评。
1．A.dream B．hobby
C．career D．decision
解析：B　根据上文“for fun”可知，起初她们养帝王蝶是为了好玩，即养帝王蝶是她们的业余爱好，后来才变成了她们的任务。hobby意为“业余爱好”，符合语境。dream梦想；career事业；decision决定。故选B。
2．A.doubled B．aged
C．declined D．exploded
解析：C　根据第二段中的“the monarch is an endangered species”和下文的“widespread use of chemicals... their main diet dangerous to eat”可知，帝王蝶已经是濒危物种，数量应该是减少了的。decline意为“减少，下降”，符合语境。double(使)加倍；age变老；explode爆炸。故选C。
3．A.management B．assessment
C．selection D．destruction
解析：D　设空处与and后的名词短语“widespread use of chemicals”并列；再结合第二段提到帝王蝶是濒危物种并结合选项可知，此处指由于栖息地的破坏和化学物质的广泛使用，帝王蝶的数量已经下降。destruction 意为“破坏”，符合语境。management管理；assessment评估；selection选择。故选D。
4．A.relied on B．kept off
C．broke down D．gave away
解析：A　根据本句的“the milkweeds(马利筋草) the monarchs 4 for their main diet”可知，该空是定语从句的谓语，从句修饰先行词the milkweeds；再根据diet 可知，此处指帝王蝶所依赖的主要食物马利筋草。rely on 意为“依赖”，符合语境。keep off(使)让开；break down使分解；give away捐赠。故选A。
5．A.partly B．secretly
C．rarely D．specially
解析：D　根据下文的“The garden grew organic milkweeds”可知，这个本土花园种植帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，由此可得出这是专门为帝王蝶种植的本土花园。specially意为“尤其，专门地”，符合语境。partly 部分地；secretly秘密地；rarely很少。故选D。
6．A.attracted B．protected
C．monitored D．trapped
解析：A　本空位于that引导的定语从句中。根据上文及“and kept the butterflies”可知，设空处与kept是并列关系，此处应是指吸引并饲养帝王蝶。attract意为“吸引”，符合语境。protect保护；monitor监视；trap使落入险境。故选A。
7．A.employ B．educate
C．force D．limit
解析：B　根据下文的“they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library”可知，她们举办关于帝王蝶的展览的目的是教育当地人保护帝王蝶，呼应下文的“They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town”。educate 意为“教育”，符合语境。employ雇用；force迫使；limit限制。故选B。
8．A.meant B．cost
C．changed D．hurt
解析：B　根据上文中的“but”可知，此处与上一分句是转折关系，表示张贴教育标识有困难；再根据下文中的“To cover the expense”可知是费用太高。cost意为“花费”，符合语境。mean 意味着；change改变；hurt伤害。故选B。
9．A.dry B．medical
C．healthy D．wild
解析：C　根据第三段最后的“dangerous”和第四段第二句中的“organic”可知，此处应表示把健康的马利筋草卖给人们。healthy意为“健康的”，符合语境。dry干燥的；medical医学的；wild野生的。故选C。
10．A.pleasing B．light
C．long D．disappointing
解析：C　根据空前的“Although”和下文的“finally succeeded in earning enough money”可知，此处应该是指募捐的日子很漫长(辛苦)。long 意为“漫长的”，符合语境。pleasing令人愉悦的；light明亮的； disappointing令人失望的。故选C。
11．A.project B．concept
C．schedule D．assignment
解析：A　上文提到她们与一个全国性的非营利组织合作，采取行动保护帝王蝶。由此可知，她们获得银河奖，是因为她们保护蝴蝶的这个项目。project意为“项目”，符合语境。concept概念；schedule计划；assignment任务。故选A。
12．A.concerned B．connected
C．finished D．occupied
解析：C　根据空后的“Our next step is to cut down on...”可知，她们的行动还未结束。finish意为“完成”，符合语境。concern担忧；connect连接；occupy占据。故选C。
13．A.chemicals B.time
C．funds D．energy
解析：A　根据文章第三段中的“widespread use of chemicals, which made the milkweeds(马利筋草) the monarchs 4 for their main diet dangerous to eat”以及下文“to guarantee a safe environment”可知，因化学物质的广泛使用帝王蝶的生存环境不安全，所以要减少化学品的使用，以保证帝王蝶拥有安全的环境。chemical 意为“化学制品”，符合语境。time时间；fund基金；energy精力。故选A。
14．A.quoted B．continued
C．replied D．commented
解析：D　根据下文的“I am so proud of them”可知，这是老师布莱恩评论的话语。comment意为“评论”，符合语境。quote引用；continue继续；reply回答。故选D。
15．A.donations B．support
C．patience D．efforts
解析：D　根据上文语境可知，二人为了保护帝王蝶不仅给帝王蝶种食物，进行保护帝王蝶的宣传活动，还筹钱来实现目标；由此可推出老师为她们不断的努力感到骄傲。effort意为“努力”，符合语境。donation捐赠；support支持；patience耐心。故选D。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·昆明市摸底)
It was a sunny day this April, and I was flying with my boy off to Carnavon in my light aircraft to see a solar eclipse(日食).Looking out of the window, I was deeply absorbed in the picturesque scenery below.My son Jacob, 15, who was enthusiastic about flying, was in high spirits.
After 25 years in the mining industry, I'd quit my job to pursue a career in flying.Getting my commercial pilot license in September 2022, I believed this was my calling.
Jacob was a passionate flyer, who always enjoyed the flights with me.“What does this button do？” “How does it work？” “What is the function？” There were so many questions he'd ask curiously.I wonder if he'll be a pilot some day.
Watching the eclipse through our solar goggles (护目镜), we both were in amazement.After a bite of lunch, I did all my checks and refueled the plane before flying us back.
Flying back into the air, I headed toward Jandakot Airport, which was right near our house.
More than half way, I spotted some smoke in the air.Realizing we were flying over Lancelin where there'd been some nearby bush fires, I didn't think there was anything to panic about.Traveling south, we took in the lovely coastline.“This is beautiful！” Jacob exclaimed.
At around 5 p．m., just about five minutes to our destination, the engine suddenly decreased rapidly.Glancing over at my boy, I thought, “This is bad.” As I tried to bring the engine back to life, it worked only for a millisecond (毫秒), and then died again.“Okay mate, we've had an engine failure，” I said calmly to Jacob.The plane was dropping and we went from 1，800 feet to 1，500 in just 20 seconds.
Looking forward, I could see Jandakot Airport about 15 kilometers ahead.“We aren't going to make it，” I told myself.We only had another 60 seconds before making the decision.Looking down at Leighton Beach north of Fremantle below, I saw crowds of people on the beach.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
But thankfully there were not many in the water behind the waves.
　　On the beach, I hugged my boy, thrilled.
【写作提示】
故事人物 作者、作者的儿子雅各布、沙滩上的人群
故事梗概 作者是一位飞行爱好者，并取得了商业飞行资格证，在一次带着儿子看完日食的返程飞行中，飞机引擎突然失灵。
续写要点 第一段：1.儿子帮助作者降落飞机；2.作者把飞机降落在海里；3.二人一起游上岸。 第二段：1.二人成功得救；2.作者继续保持对飞行的热情。
参考范文：
But thankfully there were not many in the water behind the waves.I turned the plane 180 degrees, with the nose as high as I could, so we wouldn't be turned over when we hit the water.“Dad, should I unlock the door？” Jacob asked, as the aircraft quickly neared the ocean.“Yes！”I yelled out.Then the plane violently hit the water and came to a sudden stop.I couldn't believe that, in just two minutes from the engine failing, we'd landed into the sea! We unfastened our safety belts, managed to get out and swam toward the shore.
On the beach, I hugged my boy, thrilled.I couldn't have done it without him—my cool, calm boy who helped me land the plane safely.Kind strangers wrapped us both in towels and blankets before medical, workers checked us over.Returning home, I was very upset that my beloved plane had fully sunk to the bottom of the sea.Just three days after the incident, I had a training flight again.Up in the air, I didn't feel frightened at all, but so calm in my happy place above the clouds.The plane going down was a low, but I'll always reach for the sky.

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