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初中英语语法中考专项复习——代词
代词中考核心考点总览
考点1：人称代词的主格与宾格 考点2：物主代词形容词性与名词性 考点3：反身代词的3大用法 考点4：指示代词this/that/these/those的用法区别 考点5：不定代词some/any/no/every系列 考点6：疑问代词与关系代词的区别
二、代词考点系统讲解
考点1：人称代词的主格与宾格 中考要求： 能在句子中正确判断使用主格还是宾格 掌握并列主语/宾语中的人称代词顺序 理解it的特殊用法（形式主语、形式宾语、指代天气/时间等） 主格与宾格对比表： 人称主格宾格主要句法功能第一人称单数Ime主格作主语，宾格作宾语第二人称单数youyou主宾同形第三人称单数he/she/ithim/her/it注意性别区分第一人称复数weus注意与单数区别第二人称复数youyou主宾同形第三人称复数theythem可指代复数人或事物
使用规则口诀： 主格用在动词前，作主语时莫用宾。 宾格跟在动词后，介词后面也要宾。 it用法要记清，天气时间形式主。 特殊情况： 1. 并列主语/宾语顺序： 单数：you, he/she, I You, he and I are good friends. 复数：we, you, they 承担责任时：I放在前面 I and he broke the window. 2. it的特殊用法： 指代天气：It is raining. 指代时间：It's 8 o'clock. 形式主语：It is important to learn English. 形式宾语：I find it difficult to finish the work.
中考真题再现： 例1： ______ and my sister both like singing. A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 答案：A 解析：作主语用主格I。 例2： The teacher asked ______ to clean the classroom. A. he and I B. him and me C. his and my D. him and I 答案：B 解析：asked后接宾语，用宾格him and me。
考点2：物主代词形容词性与名词性 中考要求： 区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法 掌握物主代词在句子中的位置 理解双重所有格结构 物主代词对比表： 人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词例句第一人称单数mymineThis is my book. = This book is mine.第二人称单数youryoursIs this your pen = Is this pen yours 第三人称单数his/her/itshis/hers/itsThat's his bag. = That bag is his.第一人称复数ouroursThese are our rooms. = These rooms are ours.第二人称复数youryoursAre these your keys = Are these keys yours 第三人称复数theirtheirsThose are their bikes. = Those bikes are theirs.
使用规则： 形容词性物主代词：后必须接名词 This is her desk. × This is her.（错误） 名词性物主代词：后不能接名词，相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词" This desk is hers. = This desk is her desk. 双重所有格：a/an/this/that/some/any/no+名词+of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine（我的一个朋友） that book of hers（她的那本书）
中考真题再现： 例3： This isn't ______ book. ______ is on the desk. A. my; My B. mine; My C. my; Mine D. mine; Mine 答案：C 解析：第一空后接名词book用形容词性my；第二空后无名词用名词性mine。 例4： — Is this your pencil — No, it's not ______. It's ______. A. my; her B. mine; hers C. my; hers D. mine; her 答案：B 解析：两个空后都无名词，用名词性物主代词。
考点3：反身代词的3大用法 中考要求： 掌握反身代词的构成 理解反身代词的3种主要用法 熟记常用反身代词动词搭配 反身代词构成表： 人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves
大用法口诀： 宾语同位表语用，动作回射主自身。 强调"亲自""本人"时，反身代词来帮忙。 固定搭配要牢记，自学自娱用反身。 具体用法： 1. 作宾语（动作回射主语自身）： He taught himself English.（他自学英语） 常用动词：teach, hurt, cut, dress, enjoy, help 2. 作同位语（强调"亲自、本人"）： I myself did the work.（我亲自做的） You'd better ask the teacher herself.（你最好问老师本人） 3. 作表语（表示状态）： She is not herself today.（她今天不太对劲） Just be yourself.（做你自己） 固定搭配： help oneself to... 随便吃... enjoy oneself 玩得开心 teach oneself 自学 by oneself 独自 for oneself 为自己
中考真题再现： 例5： The boy is too young to dress ______. A. him B. his C. himself D. he 答案：C 解析：dress oneself表示"自己穿衣服"。 例6： Help ______ to some fish, children. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves 答案：D 解析：children是复数，用yourselves。
考点4：指示代词this/that/these/those 中考要求： 掌握指示代词的单复数对应 理解this/that在时间和空间上的区别 了解that/those代替前面名词的用法 指示代词对应表： 单数复数用法thisthese时间/空间上较近thatthose时间/空间上较远
具体用法： 1. 空间距离： This is my book.（这本书在我手中或附近） That is your book.（那本书在远处） 2. 时间距离： I'm busy these days.（这几天，近期） I was in Beijing that year.（那一年，过去） 3. 电话用语： This is Tom speaking.（打电话时说自己） Is that Mary （打电话时间对方） 4. 代替前面提到的名词（避免重复）： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.（that代替weather） The books on this shelf are more interesting than those on that shelf.（those代替books）
中考真题再现： 例7： The population of China is larger than ______ of Japan. A. this B. that C. these D. those 答案：B 解析：that代替单数名词population。 例8： — Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith — Sorry, he isn't in. ______ is Mrs. Smith speaking. A. This B. That C. It D. She 答案：A 解析：打电话时说自己用This is...。
考点5：不定代词some/any/no/every系列 中考要求： 掌握some/any的基本区别 理解复合不定代词的用法 掌握不定代词的定语后置规则 some/any用法对比表： 词肯定句否定句疑问句特殊疑问句some ××表示请求/邀请any× 表示任何
复合不定代词构成与用法： 组合指人指物指地点some-someone/somebodysomethingsomewhereany-anyone/anybodyanythinganywhereno-no one/nobodynothingnowhereevery-everyone/everybodyeverythingeverywhere
使用规则： 1. 定语后置原则： something important（重要的事情） anyone else（其他任何人） nothing wrong（没错） 2. 作主语时视为单数： Everyone is here. Something is wrong with my computer. 3. 否定句用any系列： I don't have any books. There isn't anyone in the room. 4. 表示请求/邀请用some： Would you like some tea （希望得到肯定回答） Can I have some water （请求）
中考真题再现： 例9： Is there ______ wrong with your watch A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 答案：B 解析：疑问句中用anything。 例10： There's ______ with my bike. It doesn't work. A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. something wrong D. wrong something 答案：C 解析：肯定句中用something，定语wrong后置。
考点6：疑问代词与关系代词 中考要求： 区分疑问代词和关系代词的用法 掌握who/whom/whose的区别 理解关系代词that/which/who的用法 疑问代词功能表： 疑问代词功能例句what询问事物What is this who询问人（主格）Who is he whom询问人（宾格）Whom did you see whose询问所有关系Whose book is this which询问选择Which do you prefer
关系代词用法表： 关系代词先行词在从句中成分例句who人主语The man who is speaking is my teacher.whom人宾语The girl whom you met is my sister.whose人/物定语This is the boy whose father is a doctor.which物主语/宾语The book which is on the table is mine.that人/物主语/宾语I like the music that he plays.
特别提醒： 1. who/whom区别： Who called you （who作主语） Whom did you call （whom作宾语，口语中可用who代替） 2. that/which区别： 先行词是不定代词时用that All that glitters is not gold. 非限制性定语从句用which He has a car, which is very expensive.
中考真题再现： 例11： The girl ______ is singing is my classmate. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 答案：A 解析：先行词girl是人，在从句中作主语用who。 例12： This is the house ______ I lived ten years ago. A. which B. that C. where D. what 答案：C 解析：先行词house是地点，用where引导定语从句。
三、代词易错点考前速查
易错点错误示例正确形式记忆技巧主宾格混淆I and him are friends.He and I are friends.并列主语都用主格物主代词误用This is mine book.This is my book.后接名词用形容词性反身代词遗漏He taught him English.He taught himself English.动作回射自身用反身指示代词单复this booksthese booksthis配单数，these配复数some/any混用Do you have some water Do you have any water 一般疑问句用any定语后置错误important somethingsomething important定语放复合不定代词后who/whom不分Whom is speaking Who is speaking 作主语用who
四、代词中考模拟
一、单项选择 1. 人称代词（主格） ______ and Tom are going to the cinema tonight. A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 2. 人称代词（宾格） The teacher asked ______ to answer the question. A. she and I B. her and me C. hers and me D. her and I 3. 物主代词（形容词性） This is ______ classroom. We study here every day. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 4. 物主代词（名词性） — Whose bike is this — It's ______. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 5. 反身代词（作宾语） The little girl can dress ______ now. A. her B. she C. herself D. hers 6. 反身代词（作同位语） You should do the homework ______. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 7. 指示代词（单数近指） ______ book on the desk is very interesting. A. This B. That C. These D. Those 8. 指示代词（复数远指） Look at ______ birds in the tree! A. this B. that C. these D. those 9. 不定代词（some/any） Would you like ______ coffee A. some B. any C. many D. few 10. 不定代词（复合不定代词） Is there ______ in the room A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone 11. 不定代词（定语后置） I have ______ to tell you. A. important something B. something important C. anything important D. important anything 12. 疑问代词（询问人） ______ is the man over there A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whose 13. 疑问代词（询问所有关系） ______ bag is this It's so beautiful. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whose 14. 关系代词（先行词是人） The boy ______ is playing basketball is my brother. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15. it的特殊用法 ______ is said that he will come tomorrow. A. This B. That C. It D. He 二、用适当的代词填空 16. Let ______ (we) go and help ______ (they). 17. This isn't ______ (I) book. ______ (I) is in the bag. 18. The students enjoyed ______ (they) at the summer camp. 19. ______ (this) apples are sweet, but ______ (that) are sour. 20. There is ______ (something/anything) wrong with my computer. It doesn't work. 21. Would you like ______ (some/any) tea 22. He is the man ______ (who/whom) I met yesterday. 23. The weather here is better than ______ (that/those) in Beijing. 24. Help ______ (you) to some fish, Tom. 25. ______ (It/That) is important to learn a foreign language. 三、改错题26. Me and my sister both like swimming. → ______ 27. This is mine pen, not your. → ______ 28. There is important nothing in the report. → ______ 29. Would you like any milk → ______ 30. The book who is on the table is mine. → ______
测试答案及解析 一、单项选择 1. A 作主语用主格I 2. B asked后接宾语，用宾格her and me 3. C 后接名词classroom用形容词性物主代词our 4. B 后无名词用名词性物主代词mine 5. C dress oneself表示自己穿衣服 6. C 强调"亲自"用反身代词yourself 7. A book单数且近指用this 8. D birds复数且远指用those 9. A 表示请求用some 10. B 疑问句中用anyone 11. B something important定语后置 12. B 询问人用who 13. D 询问所有关系用whose 14. A 先行词boy是人，在从句中作主语用who 15. C It作形式主语 二、用适当的代词填空 16. us; them 17. my; Mine 18. themselves 19. These; those 20. something 21. some 22. whom 23. that 24. yourself 25. It 三、改错题 26. Me and my sister → My sister and I 27. mine pen → my pen; your → yours 28. important nothing → nothing important 29. any milk → some milk 30. who is → which is（或that is）

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