资源简介

初中英语语法中考专项复习——名词
名词中考核心考点总览
考点1：可数名词与不可数名词的识别与使用 考点2：名词复数形式的变化规则 考点3：名词所有格的构成与使用 考点4：名词作定语的用法 考点5：集合名词的主谓一致 考点6：不可数名词的量词搭配
二、名词考点系统讲解
考点1：可数名词与不可数名词 中考要求： 能在语境中正确判断名词是否可数 掌握常见不可数名词清单 掌握不可数名词的数量表达方法 可数名词特征： 1. 有单复数形式 2. 可与a/an、数词连用 3. 可用many、few修饰 不可数名词特征： 1. 无复数形式 2. 不能与a/an直接连用 3. 可用much、little修饰 中考高频不可数名词分类记忆表： 类别例词（中考必考）常考搭配液体类water, milk, tea, juice, coffeea cup of tea, two glasses of water物质类bread, rice, meat, fish, paper, wooda piece of bread, a bowl of rice抽象类advice, information, news, work, homeworka piece of advice, some information学科类maths, physics, Chinese, Englishgood at maths, study English自然类weather, rain, snow, windbad weather, heavy rain集合类furniture, luggage, equipmenta piece of furniture
中考真题再现： 例1： ______ is important for students to get enough sleep. A. It B. That C. This D. They 答案：A 解析：sleep为不可数名词，用it指代。 例2： Could you give me some ______ on how to learn English well A. advice B. advices C. suggestion D. suggestions 答案：A 解析：advice不可数，不能用复数；suggestion可数，应用some suggestions。
考点2：名词复数形式 中考要求： 掌握规则变化的所有类型 熟记常见不规则名词复数 区分单复数同形名词 规则变化速记口诀： 一般直接加s， s/x/sh/ch加es。 辅音加y变ies， f/fe变ves要记清。 o结尾有生命加es， 无生命加s不会错。 不规则变化分类记忆： 类型变化规则例词元音变化a→e, oo→eeman→men, foot→feet词尾变化加-en/renchild→children, ox→oxen单复同形形式不变sheep, deer, fish外来词保留原形phenomenon→phenomena
易错点提醒： photo/piano：直接加s（元音结尾，无生命） potato/tomato：加es（有生命） German：加s（专有名词） fish：单复同形，但表种类时可用fishes
中考真题再现： 例3： There are many ______ in the zoo. A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkies D. monkeyes 答案：B 解析：辅音+y结尾，直接加s。 例4： I saw three ______ swimming in the river. A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. sheeves 答案：B 解析：sheep单复同形。
考点3：名词所有格 中考要求： 掌握's所有格的构成规则 掌握of所有格的使用场景 理解双重所有格的含义 具体规则： 1. 单数名词：加's my sister's book today's newspaper（时间） 2. 复数名词以s结尾：加' the teachers' office the girls' dresses 3. 复数名词不以s结尾：加's children's toys women's clothes 4. 并列名词： Lily and Lucy's room（共同拥有） Lily's and Lucy's rooms（各自拥有） of所有格使用场景： 1. 无生命物体：the door of the room 2. 表内容：a map of China 3. 表材质：a ring of gold
中考真题再现： 例5： This is ______ bedroom. They share it. A. Tom and Jerry's B. Tom's and Jerry's C. Toms and Jerry D. Tom and Jerrys' 答案：A 解析：两人共用一间，只在最后名词加's。 例6： We need to read ______ newspaper to know what's happening. A. today B. todays C. today's D. todays' 答案：C 解析：时间名词可用's所有格。
考点4：名词作定语 中考要求： 掌握名词作定语用单数的规则 了解特殊情况 基本规则：名词作定语通常用单数形式 a shoe shop（√） a shoes shop（×） 特殊情况： 1. man/woman随其后名词变化： a man teacher → two men teachers a woman doctor → three women doctors 2. sports/clothes等固定用复数： a sports meeting a clothes shop
中考真题再现： 例7： There are two ______ in our school. A. language labs B. languages lab C. language lab D. languages labs 答案：A 解析：名词作定语用单数，中心词用复数。
考点5：集合名词主谓一致 中考要求： 根据语境判断集合名词的单复数 常见集合名词： family, class, team, group, crowd, audience 判断方法： 强调整体 → 单数 My family is a happy one. 强调成员 → 复数 My family are watching TV.
中考真题再现： 例8： Our class ______ going to have a picnic next week. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：class作为整体，用单数。
考点6：不可数名词的量词搭配 中考要求： 掌握常见不可数名词的修饰词 修饰不可数名词的量词： a piece of paper/news/advice a bottle of water/milk a cup of tea/coffee a bowl of rice/soup 修饰词区别： much/little + 不可数 many/few + 可数复数 a lot of/lots of/plenty of + 两者皆可
中考真题再现： 例9： Would you like ______ coffee A. some B. any C. many D. few 答案：A 解析：coffee不可数，表请求用some。
三、名词易错点考前速查
易错点错误示例正确形式记忆技巧advice加smany advicesmuch advice"建议"不可数people加smany peoplesmany peoplepeople本身就是复数所有格位置the book's of TomTom's book有生命在前名词作定语复数two shoes shopstwo shoe shops定语用单数fish复数three fishesthree fish单复同形
四、名词中考模拟
一、单项选择 1. 可数/不可数识别 — Could you pass me ______ I want to write something down. A. two papers B. two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D. two pieces of papers 2. 不规则复数 There are three ______ and two ______ playing in the park. A. childs; sheeps B. children; sheeps C. children; sheep D. childs; sheep 3. 所有格（共同拥有） This is ______ bedroom. They are twins and share the room. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy's and Lily C. Lucy and Lily's D. Lucy's and Lily's 4. 不可数名词量词搭配 I'd like ______, please. It's so hot today. A. two bottle of water B. two bottles of waters C. two bottles of water D. two bottle of waters 5. 名词作定语 My uncle works in a ______ factory. A. shoes B. shoe C. shoe's D. shoes' 6. 集合名词主谓一致 Our class ______ 45 students, and the class ______ having a meeting now. A. has; is B. have; are C. has; are D. have; is 7. 所有格（时间名词） ______ newspaper says there will be a heavy rain tomorrow. A. Today B. Todays C. Today's D. Todays' 8. 复数规则变化（以o结尾） Mom bought some ______ and ______ at the market. A. tomatoes; potatoes B. tomatos; potatos C. tomatoes; potatos D. tomatos; potatoes 9. 不可数名词修饰词 We don't have ______ for so many people. We need to buy more. A. enough bread B. enough breads C. bread enough D. breads enough 10. 所有格（并列名词各自拥有） These are ______ rooms. One is big and the other is small. A. Tom and Jerry B. Tom's and Jerry C. Tom and Jerry's D. Tom's and Jerry's 11. 复数不规则变化（元音变化） The ______ are eating ______ under the tree. A. goose; leaves B. geese; leafs C. geese; leaves D. goose; leafs 12. 不可数名词（抽象类） The teacher gave us ______ on how to prepare for the exam. A. some good advice B. some good advices C. a good advice D. many good advices 13. 复数规则变化（辅音+y） There are many ______ in the sky on a fine day. A. butterflys B. butterflies C. butterflyes D. butterfly 14. 所有格（无生命） The window ______ is broken. We need to repair it. A. of the room B. the room's C. of room D. room's 15. 综合考察 — How much ______ do you need — Two ______, please. A. milk; bottle B. milks; bottles C. milk; bottles D. milks; bottle 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16. How many ______ (student) are there in your class 17. These ______ (knife) are very sharp. Be careful. 18. I have two ______ (sister-in-law). They are both doctors. 19. Could you give me some ______ (information) about the tour 20. The ______ (child) ______ (toy) are all over the floor. 21. There are many ______ (German) visiting our city this month. 22. We need three ______ (box) of ______ (match) for the camping trip. 23. This is ______ (Mary and Jane) mother. She is very kind. 24. There ______ (be) a lot of ______ (furniture) in the old house. 25. He is one of my best ______ (friend). 三、改错题 找出每句中的一处错误并改正： 26. There are many sheeps on the farm. 错误：______ 改正：______ 27. I need two piece of papers to write the letter. 错误：______ 改正：______ 28. This is Toms and Marys house. 错误：______ 改正：______ 29. The teacher gave us many good advices. 错误：______ 改正：______ 30. There are three womans waiting for you outside. 错误：______ 改正：______
测试答案及解析 一、单项选择 1. C paper不可数，用piece of表示数量 2. C child→children, sheep单复同形 3. C 两人共用，只在最后加's 4. C water不可数，bottle可数 5. B 名词作定语用单数 6. C class表示整体用单数，表示成员用复数 7. C 时间名词用's所有格 8. A tomato, potato有生命，加es 9. A bread不可数，enough前置 10. D 各自拥有，各自加's 11. C goose→geese, leaf→leaves 12. A advice不可数 13. B 辅音+y→ies 14. A 无生命用of所有格 15. C milk不可数，bottle可数 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16. students 17. knives 18. sisters-in-law 19. information 20. children's, toys 21. Germans 22. boxes, matches 23. Mary and Jane's 24. is, furniture 25. friends 三、改错题 26. sheeps → sheep 27. piece of papers → pieces of paper 28. Toms and Marys → Tom and Mary's 29. advices → advice 30. womans → women

展开更多......

收起↑