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小学英语句子专项之：陈述句
一、什么是陈述句？
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实、表达一种看法或者描述一个状态的句子。它就像我们平时说话时“告诉别人一件事”，语气平稳，句末通常用句号“.”。
比如：
I like apples.（我喜欢苹果——陈述事实）
The sky is blue.（天空是蓝色的——描述状态）
This book is interesting.（这本书很有趣——表达看法）
二、陈述句的基本结构
小学阶段的陈述句主要有两种核心结构，我们可以根据“主语”后面的动词类型来区分：
1. 结构一：主语 + be动词 + 其他
be动词家族：am, is, are（根据主语的人称和数变化，口诀：我用am，你用are，is连着他、她、它；单数用is，复数用are）
例句：
I am a student.（我是一名学生。主语：I；be动词：am；表语：a student）
You are tall.（你很高。主语：You；be动词：are；表语：tall）
He is Tom.（他是汤姆。主语：He；be动词：is；表语：Tom）
The cats are cute.（这些猫很可爱。主语：The cats；be动词：are；表语：cute）
We are in the classroom.（我们在教室里。主语：We；be动词：are；表语：in the classroom）
2. 结构二：主语 + 实义动词 + 其他
实义动词：表示具体动作或状态的动词，比如like（喜欢）、run（跑）、eat（吃）、have（有）等。
注意：当主语是“第三人称单数”（他he、她she、它it、单个人名/事物）时，实义动词要加“s”或“es”！
例句：
I eat breakfast every morning.（我每天早上吃早餐。主语：I；实义动词：eat；宾语：breakfast）
She likes dogs.（她喜欢狗。主语：She（第三人称单数）；实义动词：likes（加s）；宾语：dogs）
They play football after school.（他们放学后踢足球。主语：They；实义动词：play；宾语：football）
The bird sings well.（这只鸟唱歌很好听。主语：The bird（第三人称单数）；实义动词：sings（加s）；状语：well）
三、陈述句的分类：肯定句和否定句
1. 肯定句：直接陈述事实，没有“不”的意思
例：He is a teacher.（他是一名老师。） / We watch TV at night.（我们晚上看电视。）
2. 否定句：在肯定句基础上加上“不”，表示“不是”“不做”
否定句变否定的关键看动词类型：
be动词的否定：在be动词（am/is/are）后面加not，可缩写（isn't = is not；aren't = are not；am not 不能缩写）。
例：He is not a teacher. → He isn't a teacher.（他不是一名老师。）
They are not happy. → They aren't happy.（他们不高兴。）
实义动词的否定：要加“助动词do/does + not”，实义动词变回原形！（主语是第三人称单数用does，其他用do），可缩写（don't = do not；doesn't = does not）。
例：I eat breakfast. → I don't eat breakfast.（我不吃早餐。）
She likes dogs. → She doesn't like dogs.（她不喜欢狗。注意：likes变回原形like）
四、小口诀总结
陈述事实用陈述，句末句号不能忘。 be动am/is/are，随主变化要记牢。 实义动词表动作，三单之后要加s/es。 变否定有技巧，be后加not就挺好； 实义动词别着急，do/does not来帮忙，动词原形要跟上。
第二部分：练习题巩固
一、基础题：判断句子是否为陈述句，对的打“√”，错的打“×”
1.Do you like pears （ ）
2.She is my sister.（ ）
3.What color is it （ ）
4.We go to school on Mondays.（ ）
5.How beautiful the flower is!（ ）
二、基础题：用be动词（am/is/are）填空
1.I ______ a pupil.
2.This ______ a red pen.
3.They ______ my good friends.
4.My mother ______ a doctor.
5.We ______ in the park now.
三、基础题：用括号内实义动词的正确形式填空
1.I ______ (like) bananas very much.
2.He ______ (play) basketball every afternoon.
3.They ______ (go) to the zoo on Sundays.
4.The cat ______ (eat) fish every day.
5.We ______ (read) books in the library.
四、提升题：将下列肯定句改为否定句
1.He is a driver. → ________________________
2.We are in the classroom. → ________________________
3.I like ice cream. → ________________________
4.She plays the piano. → ________________________
5.They watch TV in the evening. → ________________________
综合练习
一 单项选择
（ ）1. I'm sorry I haven't ______ glue.
A. any B. some C. a
（ ）2. Shall ______ go to the cinema
A. you B. they C. we
（ ）3. Mum is sad. She ______ her cat.
A. can find B. finds C. can’t find
（ ）4. When I was ten months old, I ______.
A. could sing B. couldn’t eat C. couldn’t run
（ ）5. Peter can’t swim. I can’t swim ______.
A. too B. either C. also
（ ）6. Sara doesn’t like meat. She ______ eats beef.
A. always B. never C. often
（ ）7. I ______ by car. Tom ______ by bus.
A. go; goes B. goes; go C. goes; goes
（ ）8. I need to buy some salt. There is ______ in the jar.
A. a little B. little C. few
（ ）9. Frank ______ a good swimmer. He ______ swim well.
A. is; can’t B. isn’t; can C. is; can
（ ）10. They have a pet. We have a pet ______.
A. either B. too C. also
（ ）11. Where’s my bag This ______ mine.
A. is B. isn’t C. doesn’t
（ ）12. It ______ snows in Sanya.
A. doesn’t B. never C. usually
（ ）13. My son is eleven months old, but he still cannot walk ______ talk.
A. and B. or C. but
（ ）14. I ______ a cat. I ______ a dog.
A. drew; didn’t draw B. wasn’t draw; drew C. drew; wasn’t draw
（ ）15. Jim likes coffee very much. He ______ has a cup of coffee in the morning.
A. sometimes B. never C. always
（ ）16. I have ______ to tell you.
A. nothing important B. anything important C. nobody important
（ ）17. The sign says “______ photos”.
A. Don’t B. No C. Can’t
（ ）18. You are sick. You ______ go to work.
A. shouldn’t B. must C. should
（ ）19. Look at the dark clouds. It ______ rain.
A. won’t B. isn’t going to C. is going to
（ ）20. I didn’t see ______ in the park. I was afraid then.
anybody B. nobody C. somebody
二 将下列肯定句改成否定句
21.There were some fruit trees on the hill.
________________________________________________________
22. Kathy has breakfast in the coffee shop.
________________________________________________________
23. We will go to Paris next year.
________________________________________________________
24. Steven can speak English very well.
________________________________________________________
25. Susan went to the library yesterday afternoon.
________________________________________________________
26. We always have a video call before sleep.
________________________________________________________
27. George has a beautiful house.
________________________________________________________
28. You should do something or say something.
________________________________________________________
29. There is some jam in the bottle.
________________________________________________________
30. Mary wants to be a scientist in the future.
________________________________________________________
31. The boy read an English story this morning.
________________________________________________________
32. Dad is planting a tree in the yard.
________________________________________________________
33. My son calls me on the phone every night.
________________________________________________________
34. We are going to have a picnic.
________________________________________________________
35. The cat climbed the tree quickly.
________________________________________________________
三 将下列否定句改成肯定句
36. You shouldn’t take medicine before a meal.
________________________________________________________
37. There isn’t any butter or cream in the fridge.
________________________________________________________
38. You can’t drink or eat in the bathroom.
________________________________________________________
39. It wasn’t very hot last summer.
________________________________________________________
40. Miss Lin didn’t plant an apple tree in her garden.
________________________________________________________
41. I’m not good at talking with people.
________________________________________________________
42. We didn’t see your dog five minutes ago.
________________________________________________________
43. The train won’t arrive in five minutes.
________________________________________________________
44. We aren’t going to have a picnic this Wednesday.
________________________________________________________
45. The temperature won’t be high.
________________________________________________________
46. Sally doesn’t do any housework at home.
________________________________________________________
47. Sam isn’t the tallest boy of the three.
________________________________________________________
48. It wasn’t a foggy day the day before yesterday.
________________________________________________________
49. Pam hasn’t a little sister.
________________________________________________________
50.The bus driver doesn’t work for eight hours a day.
________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、判断陈述句
1. × 2. √ 3. × 4. √ 5. ×
二、be动词填空
1. am 2. is 3. are 4. is 5. are
三、实义动词填空
1. like 2. plays 3. go 4. eats 5. read
四、肯定句变否定句
1. He isn't a driver. / He is not a driver.
2. We aren't in the classroom. / We are not in the classroom.
3. I don't like ice cream.
4. She doesn't play the piano.
5. They don't watch TV in the evening.
综合练习
一 单项选择
A
C
C
C
B
B
A
B
C
B
B
B
B
A
C
A
B
A
C
A
二 将下列肯定句改成否定句
21 There weren't any fruit trees on the hill. 一般过去时 there be 句型否定 1. were 变否定式 weren't；2. some 变 any（否定句中）
22 Kathy doesn't have breakfast in the coffee shop. 一般现在时实义动词否定 1. 主语 Kathy 是第三人称单数，加助动词 doesn't；2. 实义动词 has 变回原形 have
23 We won't go to Paris next year. / We will not go to Paris next year. 一般将来时 will 否定 will 变否定式 won't（缩写）或 will not（完整形式），动词 go 保持原形
24 Steven can't speak English very well. / Steven cannot speak English very well. 情态动词 can 否定 can 变否定式 can't（缩写）或 cannot（完整形式），动词 speak 保持原形
25 Susan didn't go to the library yesterday afternoon. 一般过去时实义动词否定 1. 加助动词 didn't；2. 实义动词 went 变回原形 go
26 We don't always have a video call before sleep. 一般现在时实义动词否定（含频度副词） 1. 主语 we 是第一人称，加助动词 don't；2. 频度副词 always 放在 don't 之后、实义动词 have 之前；3. have 保持原形
27 George doesn't have a beautiful house. 一般现在时实义动词否定（have 表 “拥有”） 1. 主语 George 是第三人称单数，加助动词 doesn't；2. 实义动词 has 变回原形 have
28 You shouldn't do anything or say anything. 情态动词 should 否定 + 不定代词 1. should 变否定式 shouldn't；2. something 变 anything（否定句中）；3. 并列连词 or 保持不变（否定句中连接并列成分）
29 There isn't any jam in the bottle. 一般现在时 there be 句型否定 1. is 变否定式 isn't；2. some 变 any（否定句中）；3. jam 是不可数名词，be 动词仍用 isn't
30 Mary doesn't want to be a scientist in the future. 一般现在时实义动词否定（want to do 结构） 1. 主语 Mary 是第三人称单数，加助动词 doesn't；2. 实义动词 want 变回原形，to be 结构保持不变
31 The boy didn't read an English story this morning. 一般过去时实义动词否定（read 为过去式） 1. 加助动词 didn't；2. 实义动词 read（过去式）变回原形 read（拼写不变，发音不同）
32 Dad isn't planting a tree in the yard. 现在进行时否定 is 变否定式 isn't，现在分词 planting 保持不变
33 My son doesn't call me on the phone every night. 一般现在时实义动词否定（含频度副词） 1. 主语 my son 是第三人称单数，加助动词 doesn't；2. 实义动词 call 保持原形；3. 频度副词 every night 位置不变
34 We aren't going to have a picnic. / We are not going to have a picnic. 一般将来时 be going to 否定 are 变否定式 aren't（缩写）或 are not（完整形式），going to 结构保持不变
35 The cat didn't climb the tree quickly.
三 将下列否定句改成肯定句
36 You should take medicine before a meal. 情态动词 should 的否定变肯定 去掉否定词 not，should 后接动词原形保持不变
37 There is some butter and cream in the fridge. there be 句型否定变肯定 + 不定代词 / 连词 1. isn't 变回 is；2. any 变 some（肯定句中）；3. 否定句中的 or 变肯定句中的 and
38 You can drink and eat in the bathroom. 情态动词 can 的否定变肯定 + 连词 1. can't 变回 can；2. 否定句中的 or 变肯定句中的 and，动词保持原形
39 It was very hot last summer. 一般过去时 be 动词否定变肯定 wasn't 变回 was，其他成分不变
40 Miss Lin planted an apple tree in her garden. 一般过去时实义动词否定变肯定 去掉助动词 didn't，实义动词 plant 变回过去式 planted
41 I’m good at talking with people. 现在进行时（表状态）否定变肯定 去掉 not，am 后接形容词短语保持不变
42 We saw your dog five minutes ago. 一般过去时实义动词否定变肯定 去掉助动词 didn't，实义动词 see 变回过去式 saw
43 The train will arrive in five minutes. 一般将来时 will 否定变肯定 won't 变回 will，动词 arrive 保持原形
44 We are going to have a picnic this Wednesday. 一般将来时 be going to 否定变肯定 aren't 变回 are，going to 结构及后面动词保持不变
45 The temperature will be high. 一般将来时 will 否定变肯定 won't 变回 will，be 动词及形容词保持不变
46 Sally does some housework at home. 一般现在时实义动词否定变肯定 + 不定代词 1. 去掉助动词 doesn't，实义动词 do 变回第三人称单数 does；2. any 变 some（肯定句中）
47 Sam is the tallest boy of the three. 形容词最高级的否定变肯定 isn't 变回 is，最高级结构 the tallest 保持不变
48 It was a foggy day the day before yesterday. 一般过去时 be 动词否定变肯定 wasn't 变回 was，名词短语 a foggy day 保持不变
49 Pam has a little sister. 一般现在时 have（表拥有）否定变肯定 hasn't（否定式）变回 has（肯定式），名词短语保持不变
50 The bus driver works for eight hours a day.

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