资源简介

Part Ⅱ　Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________ v.使恼怒；使烦恼→________ adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的，使人讨厌的
2．________ v．适应，(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整，调节
3．________ n．意外事件，偶然因素→accidental adj.意外的，偶然的→accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地
4．________ adj.一定的；肯定的→surely adv.一定，必定→________ v．确保，保证
5．________ adj.复杂的→________ n．复杂性，错综复杂
6．________ v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评；批判，评论
7．________ v．使窘迫；使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪的→________ n．尴尬，难为情
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①tell the truth 说实话
②take the lead 带头
③have a hard time doing sth. 做某事有困难
④look down on 看不起
⑤be separated from 与……分开
⑥play a role 起作用
⑦settle down 安顿下来
⑧look on the bright side 看到光明的一面
1)annoyed adj.恼怒的；烦恼的)
(读后续写之情感描写)She was annoyed with me because I was late.她因为我迟到而生我的气。
I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.
我对他烦透了，因为他不停地打断我的话。
I bet she was annoyed at having to write it out again.
我敢说她对不得不把它重写一遍感到恼火。
[考点归纳]
(1)be/get annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth. 对某事恼火
be annoyed to do sth. 因做某事而恼火
(2)annoy vt. 使恼怒；使生气
annoying adj. 令人讨厌的；恼人的
(3)annoyance n. 恼怒；生气
(much) to one's annoyance＝to one's (great) annoyance令某人(极为)恼怒的是
[巧学助记]　I was annoyed at those annoying things because my mind was full of annoyances and those things were annoying me all the time.我因那些令人烦恼的事而生气，因为我的脑子里都是烦恼之事，那些事情一直在困扰着我。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Much to my ________ (annoy), he didn't concentrate his attention on English class.
②What is really ________ (annoy) is that we made the same mistake this time.
③I was annoyed ________ (find) that my teammate hadn't pulled his weight.
④Because he was annoyed at his colleagues' attitude to him, he would not help them out when their life was in a mess.(用非谓语动词改写)
→_______________________，he would not help them out when their life was in a mess.
2)adjust v．适应；(使)习惯；调节；整理(穿戴物))
(教材原句)When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当Riley搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新的环境。
(读后续写之动作描写)She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath, and walked into the room.
她整理了一下裙子，深吸一口气，走进了房间。
It was the culture that made it hard for him to adjust to the new surroundings in America.
正是这些文化使他很难适应美国的新环境。
She made a few minor adjustments to the machine.
她对这台机器作了一些小小的调整。
[考点归纳]
(1)adjust...to... 调整……以适应/适合……
adjust to (doing) sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；适应
make adjustment(s) to 对……作出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is amazed to find that the height of the chair is ________ (adjust).
②As far as I'm concerned, you have to help him adjust ________ the new school life as soon as possible.
③What made her annoyed was that her son refused to make adjustments ________ his plan.
④Kids need help to adjust to ______ (have) a new baby in the house.
⑤Rachel hoped that her sister would soon adjust ________ (she) to the university life.
3)forgive v．(forgave; forgiven)原谅，宽恕)
(教材原句)Try to forgive someone when they apologise.
当别人道歉时，尽量原谅他们。
Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore.
请原谅我不能陪伴你去书店。
In addition, it's best for you to forgive and forget.
此外，你最好还是不计前嫌。
He admitted he had done her wrong and asked for forgiveness.
他承认冤枉了她，并请求原谅。
[考点归纳]
(1)forgive sb. for (doing sth.) 原谅某人(做)某事
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅
ask/beg for forgiveness 请求原谅
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①I don't think I'll ever forgive David ________ the way he treats me.
②________ (forgive) by the whole class for what he did, Tony finally cheered up.
③Later, in the hospital, Henderson saw his friend. He apologised and asked for ________ (forgive).
④Excuse me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.
→________________ having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.
4)embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情)
(教材原句)It's not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others. This can cause embarrassment.
当着别人的面批评人是不对的。这会引起尴尬。
(读后续写之人物描写)Criticised by her teacher, she blushed with embarrassment.被老师批评后，她尴尬得脸红了。
Much to her embarrassment, she realised that everybody had been listening to her singing.
她意识到大家一直在听她唱歌，感到很不好意思。
It embarrassed her to meet strange men in the corridor at night.
夜里在走廊上遇见陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。
He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.
他尴尬地承认犯了个错。
[考点归纳]
(1)to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
(2)embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使困窘，使局促不安
(3)embarrassed adj. 尴尬的
be embarrassed about/at 对……感到尴尬
be embarrassed to do sth. 做某事感到尴尬
(4)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的，令人难堪的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①The young man was embarrassed ________ (admit) not pulling his weight.
②Ken gave me an ________ (embarrass) smile when I asked where he'd been.
③It was so ________ (embarrass) having to sing in public.
④What embarrassed her was that she let off steam in the presence of the guests.
→She let off steam in the presence of the guests, which _________________. (embarrassed)
→_____________________， she let off steam in the presence of the guests. (embarrassment)
5)by accident 偶然，意外地)
(教材原句)Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley's happy core memories with Joy.
Sadness想履行自己的职责，却意外地导致Riley失去了和Joy快乐的核心记忆。
(读后续写之主旨升华)Just remember that success in your life doesn't happen by accident/by chance; it's actually the result of your hard work.
切记你人生中的成功不是偶然发生，它实际上是你努力的结果。
[考点归纳]
by accident＝by chance 偶然地，意外地
by design＝on purpose 故意地；蓄意地
by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①She heard about the job ________ chance from someone she met at the party.
②If you joke with him, he'll think you're looking down on him ________ purpose/________ design.
③I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.
→I learned a few words of Greek ________________ when I was there last year.
过去分词作状语( ed as adverbial)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。
1．Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.
2．Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt.
3．Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
4．Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
[归纳填空]　①作状语的过去分词和句子的主语之间一般为________关系。
②过去分词短语作原因状语的是句________。
③过去分词短语作条4EF6状语的是句________。
④过去分词短语作时间状语的是句________。
精要点拨
一、过去分词作状语的功能
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Written in a hurry, the article concerning artificial intelligence was not good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇有关人工智能的文章不好。
二、过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语时，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式或伴随情况。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
状语 类型 例句
原因 状语 Encouraged by his teacher, the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher, he began to concentrate on class. 由于老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。
条件 状语 Given more time, we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time, we could help the injured man out. 如果多给我们点时间，我们会帮这个伤员摆脱困境。
让步 状语 Wounded seriously, the brave soldier didn't let out screams of pain. →Although he was wounded seriously, the brave soldier didn't let out screams of pain. 尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也未发出痛苦的叫声。
时间 状语 Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. →After they were discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。
方式 状语 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and he was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
伴随 状语 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly, followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。
三、过去分词作状语时的位置
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. (原因状语)
得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。
Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (方式状语)
这位老师被他的学生们围绕着走进了实验室。
四、过去分词作状语的注意事项
1．过去分词作状语时，前面可带有连词，如when、 while、 if、 though、 as if、 unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。
Unless constantly reminded, the teenagers easily let off steam online.
除非不断被提醒，否则这些青少年很容易在网上发泄情绪。
When asked why she came here, the girl held her breath and kept silent.
当被问到她为何来这儿时，那个女孩屏住呼吸，沉默不语。
He let out a cry as if bitten by a snake.
他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
2．过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语，这就构成独立主格结构。
The signal given, the bus started at once.
信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。(The signal given为独立主格结构， given的逻辑主语是The signal)
3．有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有： seated、 hidden、 lost/absorbed in、 dressed in、 concerned about等。
Concerned about his son's safety, he couldn't fall asleep.由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。
五、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
形式 与主语的关系 含义
过去分词 动宾关系 被动
现在分词 主谓关系 主动
Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.
从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We ________(批评) you because we wanted to help you, not in order to find fault with you.
2．Although it was an ________ (意外事件), we ensured that similar incidents did not happen again.
3．The player couldn't ________ (适应) to the training because of its complexity, so he gave up.
4．The head teacher criticized Richard, which made him very ________ (烦恼).
5．To my embarrassment, my parents have never ________ (原谅) me for my fault.
6．I feel it my ________ (责任) to pull my weight and help them out.
7．David was good at ________ (拳击) and was chosen as a boxer by accident.
8．He recognized his fault and ________ (确保) that he would never make the same mistake again.
9．________ (尴尬) is the feeling that you have when you are embarrassed.
10．There are two strategies to resolve that, but they will increase the ________ (复杂性) of the test.
Ⅱ.短语填空
look down on/upon, be prevented from, be annoyed with, adjust to, by accident, settle down, get along with, forgive...for..., criticize...for..., to one's embarrassment
1．You have to ____________ the new environment and get along well with your teammates.
2．____________， she couldn't remember the answer and was criticized by her teacher.
3．Jack was annoyed with Alice because she ____________ him.
4．As soon as they ____________， the travellers sent out a signal telling their parents not to be concerned about them.
5．—How ________ you ________ your boxing training
—Quite well. We are sure to win the match.
6．They __________ by the manager __________ failing to do their duties.
7．If your teacher criticizes you, you shouldn't ____________ him or her.
8．Can some accidents ____________ happening by human beings
9．To my further embarrassment, my girlfriend ____________ me ____________ my fault.
10．This fault occurred ____________. Therefore, we should not criticize him, but forgive him.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．—Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather
—No. Rain or shine, the match will be held as ________ (schedule).
2．________ (design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesn't take up much room.
3．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
4．________ (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong.
5．________ (give) another 10 days, we are sure to complete repairing the machine.
6．________ (fill) with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.
Ⅳ.用非谓语动词将下列复合句改为简单句
1．When they were asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.
→________________________________， the children all kept silent.
2．If we are united, we will make our life better.
→________， we will make our life better.
3．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.
→________________________ made by him, he works harder.
4．Although we were exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it.
→____________________， we went on with it.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（二）
Part Ⅱ　Using language
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．annoy; annoyed　2.adjust　3.accident　4.sure; ensure　5.complex; complexity　6.criticise　7.embarrass; embarrassment
要点精研·考点突破
1．①annoyance　②annoying　③to find　④Annoyed at his colleagues' attitude to him
2．①adjustable　②to　③to　④having　⑤herself
3．①for　②Forgiven　③forgiveness　④Forgive me for
4．①to admit　②embarrassed　③embarrassing　④made her embarrassed; To her embarrassment
5．①by　②on; by　③by accident
语法精讲·核心突破
[归纳填空]　①被动　②1　③2、3　④4
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．criticized　2.accident　3.adjust　4.annoyed　5.forgiven　6.duty　7.boxing　8.ensured　9.Embarrassment　plexity
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．adjust to　2.To her embarrassment　3.looked down on/upon
4．settled down　5.are；getting along with　6.were criticized; for　7.be annoyed with　8.be prevented from　9.forgave; for　10.by accident
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．scheduled　2.Designed　3.applied　4.Considered
5．Given　6.Filled
Ⅳ.用非谓语动词将下列复合句改为简单句
1．Asked who had broken the vase　2.United　3.Encouraged by the progress　4.Exhausted by the hard workUnit 1单元基础知识汇总
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
agony/' ɡ ni/n. 痛楚，苦难
agony aunt 知心阿姨
steam/sti m/n. 蒸汽，水蒸气
let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
loose/lu s/adj. 说话随便(轻率)的
lip/lIp/n. (嘴)唇
sink/sI k/v. 使(船)沉没
fault/f lt/n. 责任，过错
resolve/rI'z lv/v. 解决(问题、困难)
strategy/'str t d i/n. 计谋，策略；行动计划
signal/'sIɡn( )l/n. 信号；暗号
breath/breθ/n. 一口气
concern/k n's n/n. 忧虑，担心
annoyed/ 'n Id/adj. 恼怒的，烦恼的
adjust/ 'd st/v. 适应，(使)习惯
duty/'dju ti/n. 职责，义务；责任
accident/' ksId( )nt/n. 意外事件，偶然因素
core/k /adj. 核心的(课程、团体等)
ensure/In' /v. 确保，保证
complexity/k m'pleksIti/n. 复杂性，错综复杂
forgive/f 'ɡIv/v. 原谅，宽恕
criticise/'krItIsaIz/v. 批评，指责
embarrassment/Im'b r sm nt/n. 尴尬，难为情
boxing/'b ksI /n. 拳击(运动)
tangled/'t ɡ( )ld/adj. 纠结的；复杂的
web/web/n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
weave/wi v/v. 编，织
deceive/dI'si v/v. 欺骗
justify/'d stIfaI/v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
frank/fr k/adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
tear/t /n. 眼泪，泪水
latter/'l t /n. 后者
moreover/m r' v /adv. 此外，而且
independent/ nd 'pend nt/adj. 独立的
apart/ 'pɑ t/adv. 分离，分开
fence/fens/n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
本单元短语
1．fit in with 与某人相处融洽
2．turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
3．in a mess 杂乱不堪
4．help out 帮一把
5．let down 使失望，辜负
6．let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
7．concentrate on 集中注意力于
8．loose lips sink ships 祸从口出
9．pull one's weight 做好分内事，尽责
10．take a breath 吸一口气
11．by accident 偶然，意外地
12．calm down 平静下来
13．tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事
14．look down on/upon 轻视
15．take the lead 带头
16．to what extent 在多大程度上
17．hide...from... 对……隐瞒
18．in conclusion 总之
19．in advance 提前
20．consist of 由……组成
　
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ n. 责任；过错
2．________ v. 解决(问题，困难)
3．________ n. 计谋，策略；行动计划
4．________ n. 信号；暗号
5．________ n. 职责，义务；责任
6．________ v. 确保，保证
7．________ n. 拳击(运动)
8．________ v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
9．________ adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
10．________ n. 眼泪，泪水
11．________ n. 后者
12．________ adv. 此外，而且
13．________ adv. 分离，分开
14．________ n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
15．________ n. 一口气
16．________ n．忧虑，担心→________ adj.担心的→________ prep.关于
17．________ adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→________ v．使恼怒→________ n．恼怒；烦恼
18．________ v．适应，使(习惯)→________ n．适应
19．________ v．原谅，宽恕→________ n．原谅；宽恕
20．________ v．批评，指责→________ n．批评；指责
21．________ n．尴尬，难为情→________ v．使尴尬→________ adj.感到尴尬的→________ adj.令人尴尬的
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 帮一把
2．________________ 使失望；使辜负
3．________________ 发泄怒火；宣泄情绪
4．________________ 吸一口气
5．________________ 做好分内事；尽责
6．________________ 偶然；意外地
7．________________ 锻炼
8．________________ 轻视；瞧不起
9．________________ 从……逃跑
10．________________ 说谎
11．________________ 提前
12．________________ 安定；定居
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．v. ed形式作状语。
________________________， I told all this to my best friend.
对他的行为很失望，我就把这些告诉了我最好的朋友。
2．whatever引导的让步状语从句。
Filled with anger, you tend to say ______________________．
满腔怒火时，你想到什么就会说什么。
3．adj.短语作状语。
________________________， I can't concentrate on anything.
既尴尬又羞愧，我不能集中精力做任何事。
4．every time引导时间状语从句。
Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served ______________________．
或许你说“美味”的食物在你每次去的时候都会端上来。
5．the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语。
________________________ you are, ____________________ your life will be.
你越独立，你的生活就会越好。
温馨提示：请完成单元素养提升(一)
单元检测卷(一)
Unit 1　单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．fault　2.resolve　3.strategy　4.signal　5.duty　6.ensure
7．boxing　8.justify　9.frank　10.tear　11.latter
12．moreover　13.apart　14.fence　15.breath　16.concern; concerned; concerning　17.annoyed; annoy; annoyance
18．adjust; adjustment　19.forgive; forgiveness
20．criticise; criticism　21.embarrassment; embarrass; embarrassed; embarrassing
Ⅱ.短语
1．help out　2.let down　3.let off steam　4.take a breath　5.pull one's weight　6.by accident　7.work out　8.look down upon　9.run away from　10.tell a lie　11.in advance　12.settle down
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．Disappointed by his behaviour　2.whatever comes to your mind　3.Embarrassed and ashamed　4.every time you visit　5.The more independent; the betterPart Ⅳ　Writing an essay
Step Ⅰ　文本研读
Ⅰ.理清脉络：整体理解
Skim the passage and you will find it is a fable about ________________， through which we should know that there should be ____________________________．
Ⅱ.熟记下列重要短语
①get closer 靠得更近
②cause pain 引起痛苦
③the ideal distance 理想距离
④manage to do sth. 成功地设法做了某事
Step Ⅱ　知识点
1)apart adv.分离，分开)
(教材原句)As soon as they started to get closer, they hurt each other with their quills, so they had to move apart.
它们一开始靠近，就会用棘刺刺伤对方，所以它们不得不分开。
These two signatures are so similar that we can hardly tell them apart.
这两处签名非常相似，我们几乎不能把它们区分开来。
Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
除此之外，上下班途中也曾发生过各种各样的悲剧。
[考点归纳]
(1)apart from... 除……之外
(2)take apart 拆开
tell...apart 区分开……
set sb. apart 使某人与众不同
tear apart 撕开，拆散
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The twins were so alike that the teacher could not tell them ________．
②If you're ready to forgive me, then nothing can tear us ________， I promise.
③Linda likes being in red to set herself ________ from the other girls.
④除了以上原因，这也是我做一些志愿工作的好机会。
(应用文之申请信)____________________________， it is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
2)(教材原句)The more independent you are, the better your life will be.你越独立，你的生活就会越好。)
[句式解构]　“the＋比较级(＋主谓)，the＋比较级(＋主谓)”表示“越……，就越……”。
前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
The more, the better.多多益善。
The harder you study, the more progress you'll make.
你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
The weather is getting colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。
[考点归纳]
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The more you speak English, the ________ (good) your English will become.
②The ________ (high) you stand, the further you will see.
③你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。
________________ you practise, ________________ you can understand.
Step Ⅲ　Writing an essay
[文体介绍]
寓言是用比喻性的故事寄托意味深长的道理，给人以启示的文学体裁。寓言读后感属于议论文，写作时通常结合寓言阐述的道理，用生活中的例子加以佐证，从而得出相关结论。
[篇章结构]
(1)引入(introduction)——引入主题，写出简介或摘要；
(2)主体(body)——写出论点，并举出例证；
(3)结尾(ending)——总结评论主题的意义。
[话题词汇及句式]
1．话题词汇
教材词汇
(1)sociable adj. 合群的；好交际的
(2)boundary n. 边界，界限，分界线
(3)interpersonal relationships人际关系
(4)dilemma n. 进退两难的境地
(5)be adapted from 根据……改编
(6)in conclusion 最后，总之
其他词汇
(1)fable n. 寓言
(2)describe vt. 描述
(3)viewpoint n. 观点；看法
(4)point of view 观点
(5)in short/brief 简言之
(6)in a word 总之；简言之
(7)be deeply impressed with the story 对故事印象很深刻
(8)understand the truth behind it明白背后的真理
2．话题句式
(1)精彩开头
This fable describes a story between a wolf and a goat.这则寓言描述了一头狼和一只羊的故事。
The story about Mr Ye and the dragon goes like this.叶公好龙的故事是这样的。
We all know the story about the farmer and the snake.我们都知道农夫与蛇的故事。
(2)丰满主体
One of the main reasons for doing so is that we trust others so easily.
这样做的其中一个主要原因就是我们太容易相信别人。
No one can prove to us, to what extent, we can believe it.
没人可以给我们证明能在多大程度上相信它。
(3)余味结尾
In conclusion, I'd like to point out that we should never have pity on people who are as evil as the snake.
最后，我想指出我们决不要怜悯像蛇一样恶毒的人。
After reading it, I find every second in life is very precious.
读完后，我觉得人生的每分每秒都是宝贵的。
In conclusion, only when we keep a proper distance can we feel comfortable with each other and our friendship last long as well.
总之，只有我们保持适当的距离，我们才能感受到彼此相处舒适，我们的友谊才能持久。
[实践应用]
根据下面寓言，结合生活实例，写一篇读后感。
鸽子和蚂蚁
一只蚂蚁到河边饮水，却不幸掉入河中。一只鸽子看见，扔下一截树枝，将它救起。过了不久，蚂蚁看见猎人正在拿枪瞄准鸽子，就狠狠地朝他脚上咬了一口，没让他打中。鸽子非常感激蚂蚁，从此它们成了好朋友。
第一步　布局谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
完成句子
1．一些朋友被认为不重要。
Some friends ________________________．
2．他们能帮我们一把。
They can ________________________．
3．我们陷入困境。
We're ________________________．
4．他们需要帮助。
They ________________________ help.
5．(一句多译)我们应该尽我们所能帮助他们。
We should do ________________ to help them. (宾语从句)
→We should do ________________ to help them. (定语从句)
?句式升级
6．用who引导的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句合并句1、2和3。
________________________________________________________________________
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7．用when引导的时间状语从句合并句4和5。
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第三步　完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Part Ⅳ　Writing an essay
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ　文本研读
Ⅰ.理清脉络：整体理解
porcupine; boundaries in interpersonal relationships
Step Ⅱ　知识点
1．①apart　②apart　③apart　④Apart from the above reasons
2．①better　②higher　③The more; the better
Step Ⅲ　Writing an essay
第二步
1．are considered unimportant
2．help us out
3．in trouble
4．need/are in need of
5．what we can; all that we can
6．Some friends who are considered unimportant can help us out when we're in trouble.
7．When they are in need of help, we should do all that we can to help them.
第三步
The fable describes a story between an ant and a dove. The two became good friends by helping each other.
The fable teaches us that some friends who are considered unimportant can help us out when we're in trouble. So in our real life, we mustn't look down on others but treat them equally. When they are in need of help, we should do all that we can to help them. In return, they will spare no effort to help us.
In conclusion, only when we adopt such an attitude towards our friends can we make more friends.Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ n. 计谋，策略；行动计划
②________ n. 信号；暗号
③______ adj. 说话随便(轻率)的→loosely adv.不牢固地；不紧地→loosen v．变松；松开
④________ n．责任，过错→faulty adj.有毛病的；有缺点的→faultless adj.无错误的；完美无缺的
⑤________ n．一口气→breathe v．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
⑥________ n．忧虑，担心→concerned adj.忧虑的；有关的→concerning prep.关于
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①agony A．n.蒸汽，水蒸气
(　　)②steam B．n.(嘴)唇
(　　)③lip C．n.痛楚，苦难
(　　)④sink D．v.解决(问题，困难)
(　　)⑤resolve E．v.使(船)沉没
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 帮一把
2．________________ 使失望，辜负
3．________________ 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
4．________________ 祸从口出
5．________________ 吸一口气
6．________________ 做好分内事，尽责
7．________________ 对……痴迷
8．concentrate on ________________
9．calm down ________________
10．communicate with ________________
11．work out ________________
12．have a chat with ________________
13．apologise to sb. ________________
14．in a mess ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．形容词短语作状语
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都不能集中注意力。
________________， I can't concentrate on anything.
2．whatever引导宾语从句
满腔怒火时，你往往想到什么就说什么。
Filled with anger, you tend to say ________________________．
3．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但你想让事情过去。
Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and _______________， but that you want to move on.
4．过去分词作状语
通过这种方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会被修复的。
________________， your friendship will soon be repaired.
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
2．The main idea of the passage is that ________ was in an awkward situation, and ________ gave him ________ as to how to deal with his problems.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What problem caused Ben to write a letter for help
A．He was caught in an awkward situation after a basketball match.
B. His best friend let out Ben's secret to others.
C．Ben's basketball team lost an important match.
D．Ben had bad academic performance at school.
2．What does the word “loose” mean in the sentence “Loose lips sink ships.”？
A．Free.
B．Not exact.
C．Not strictly controlled.
D．Not firmly fastened.
3．What does Agony Aunt think of Ben's behaviour
A．Favorable. B．Opposed.
C．Understandable. D．Admirable.
4．What is the most important according to Agony Aunt
A．Knowing yourself clearly first.
B．Making a clear communication.
C．Saying your mind clearly in anger.
D．Giving other people a correct signal.
5．What is the main purpose of the second letter
A．To introduce how to repair friendship.
B．To propose the column Agony Aunt.
C．To give suggestions to Ben.
D．To present some ways to resolve conflicts.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] _______________________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] _______________________________________________________________
4.
[尝试翻译] ____________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
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________________________________________________________________________
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[词汇积累]
①agony/' ɡ ni/
n．痛楚，苦难
agony aunt知心阿姨
②help out 帮一把
③be crazy about 很喜欢
④pretty adv.相当地；非常
⑤let down 使失望，辜负
⑥point guard 控球后卫
⑦key adj.关键的
⑧steam/sti m/n.蒸汽，水蒸气
let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
⑨awkward adj.尴尬的
⑩be angry with sb.
生某人的气
embarrassed adj.尴尬的
ashamed adj.羞愧的
concentrate on
集中；专注于
saying n．谚语
loose /lu s/adj.控制不严的
lip/lIp/n.(嘴)唇
sink/sI k/v.使(船)沉没
loose lips sink ships
祸从口出
cause trouble
引起麻烦
be sure to do...
一定做……
feel hurt 感到伤心
fault/f lt/n.责任，过错
understandable adj.可理解的
[教材原文]
Absolute agony①！
Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.
Dear Agony Aunt，
I'm in a total mess here—hope you can help me out②！
I'm 17, and a member of our school basketball team.I'm crazy about③ basketball, and pretty④ good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.【1】 We played well, but I felt the team were let down⑤ by one member, our point guard⑥. The point guard is a key⑦ player, but it was like he wasn't even on the court! Disappointed by his behaviour【2】， I said all this to my best friend. I was just letting off steam⑧ really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said【3】．
【1】本句为主从复合句，主句中and连接两个并列的表语，从句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，在从句中又含有why引导的表语从句，而表语从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句。
【2】过去分词短语作原因状语。
【3】本句是由并列连词but连接构成的并列句，but前的分句中含有because引导的原因状语从句，but后的分句中含有what引导的宾语从句。
This is so totally awkward⑨. I'm really angry with⑩ my friend—what should I say to him And should I say anything at all to my teammate
__Embarrassed and ashamed 【4】， I can't concentrate on anything. Please help!
Ben
【4】形容词短语作状语。
Dear Ben，
There is an old American saying ， “Loose lips sink ships.” This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don't know so well, it'll cause all kinds of trouble 【5】．
【5】本句结构较为复杂，动词means后为that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句，在该条件状语从句中又含有who引导的定语从句，与if从句对应的主句是it'll cause all kinds of trouble。
The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend's. Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt —we should always be able to trust those closest to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can't.
But I have to say that it's partly your fault , isn't it You admit that you were “letting off steam”. It is understandable in that situation, but we should always think before we speak.
[课文译文]
绝对的痛苦！
我们的知心阿姨回答你的问题！
亲爱的知心阿姨：
我这里一团糟——希望你能帮助我！
我17岁，是学校篮球队的一员。我很喜欢篮球，也很擅长打篮球，这可能就是我们上次输了比赛时我很生气的原因。我们打得很好，但我觉得控球后卫让我们很失望。控球后卫是一名关键球员，但他的状态似乎不在球场上！我对他的行为感到失望，并把这一切都告诉了我最好的朋友。我真的只是发泄一下，因为我很生气，但后来我的朋友却把我说的话告诉了所有人。
这太尴尬了。我真的很生我朋友的气——我该对他说什么？另外，我应该对我的队友说些什么？
我现在既尴尬又羞愧，做什么都不能集中精力。请帮帮我吧！
本
亲爱的本：
美国有一句老话：“祸从口出。”它的意思是说，如果你对某件事说得太多，特别是对那些你不太了解的人说，这会引起各种麻烦。
此时的情况更糟，因为“口风不紧”的人是你最好的朋友。他这样对待你，你一定会感到伤心——我们总是信任最亲近的人，当我们发现自己无法信任时，会更加痛苦。
但我得说，(造成这种现状)在一定程度上是你的错，不是吗？你承认你在“发泄情绪”。在那种情况下是可以理解的，但我们应该三思而后行。
apologise to...
向……道歉
work together
合作；共事
communicate with...
和……交流
resolve/rI'z lv/v.
解决(问题、困难)
resolve conflicts
解决矛盾
have a chat with... 和……聊天
friendship n．友谊
strategy/'str t d i/
n．计谋，策略；行动计划
move on 往前走，前进
approach v．接近；接洽
behaviour n．行为
be filled with 充满
signal/'sIɡn( )l/n.信号；暗号
breath/breθ/n.一口气
take a deep breath 深呼吸
calm down 平静下来
pull one's weight
做好分内事，尽责
concern/k n's n/n.
忧虑，担心
as well as 也，又，还；和……一样
work out进展；完成；想出
Here's what you need to do. First, apologise to your teammate. If you ever want to win any more basketball games (and I'm sure you do！), you need to work together , and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts【6】. So have a chat with your teammate. Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking.
【6】该句整体上是由and连接构成的并列句，and前的分句中含有If引导的条件状语从句。
Then, talk to your friend. Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world, but sometimes it can be difficult. Again, your strategy is clear communication. Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on 【7】. Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
【7】本句为tell开头的祈使句，tell后含有两个宾语从句，一个是省略了连词that的you're angry...，另一个是but后的that从句。在第一个宾语从句中repeating...和making...并列作介词for的宾语，what引导的宾语从句作动词repeat的宾语。
Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, think about your own behaviour . Don't say too much when you're angry! Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind【8】. This gives people the wrong signal . Take a deep breath , calm down , and always remember: think first, speak later. If you feel oneyou’re your teammates isn't pulling their weight , then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach【9】．
【8】Filled with anger为过去分词短语作状语，主句中say后为whatever引导的宾语从句。
【9】本句整体上为主从复合句，从句为If引导的条件状语从句，主句是raise开头的祈使句。在If从句中又含有省略了that的宾语从句：one of your teammates...。
If you think about other people's feelings as well as your own, you'll soon find everything works out 【10】．
Good luck !
Agony Aunt
【10】If引导条件状语从句，主句中含有省略了that的宾语从句：everything works out。,　　现在你需要这么做。首先，向你的队友道歉。如果你们还想赢得更多的篮球比赛(我相信你们会赢！)，你们需要合作，这意味着双方要明明白白地沟通，解决产生的冲突。所以和你的队友聊聊。直接真诚地告诉他你说的话欠思考。
然后，和你的朋友谈谈。友谊应该是世界上最伟大的事情之一，但有时维持友谊可能是困难的。同样，你的策略是明白的沟通。告诉你的朋友你对他很生气，因为他向别人重复了你说的话，使得情况更糟，但是你还想继续和他保持友谊。这样处理的话，你们的友谊很快就会被修复。
第三，也许是最重要的，想想自己的行为。生气的时候不要说话太多！心里充满了愤怒，往往会脑子里有什么就说什么。这向人们发出错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，永远记住：先想后说。如果你觉得队友没有尽到责任，那么就向你的团队教练以专业的方式提出你的担心。
如果你既考虑自己的感受，也考虑别人的感受，你很快就会发现一切顺利。
祝你好运！
知心阿姨
1)signal n．信号；暗号　vt.& vi.发信号)
(教材原句)This gives people the wrong signal.
这向人们发出错误的信号。
The soldier sent out a signal the moment he found the enemies.
一发现敌人，士兵就把信号发了出去。
The judge signalled to a police officer and the man was led away.
法官向一名警察示意，于是那个人就被带走了。
[考点归纳]
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to) sb. that... 示意某人……
(2)give a signal (to sb.) (向某人)发信号
send out a signal 发出信号
[图片助记]　
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning ________ (signal) that we really have changed our planet.
②She signalled to us not ________ (find) fault with his appearance.
③当你过十字路口时，你应该注意交通信号灯。
(应用文之建议信)When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the ____．
2)breath n．一口气)
(教材原句)Take a deep breath, calm down, and always remember: think first, speak later.
深呼吸，冷静下来，永远记住：先想后说。
(读后续写之神态描写)Tired and out of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
累得上气不接下气，安迪和鲁比最先到达了泰山山顶。
(应用文之环境保护)People are very concerned about the quality of the air they breathe.
人们很担心他们所呼吸的空气的质量。
[考点归纳]
(1)take one's breath away 令某人惊叹
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
take a breath 吸一口气
out of breath 上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
lose one's breath 喘不上气来
(2)breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我爬完了这些楼梯后，上气不接下气。
I'm ______________________ after climbing up all the stairs.
②树木有助于净化空气，释放出可供我们呼吸的氧气。
Trees help keep the air clean and they make oxygen that __________________________．
③医生告诉她深吸一口气然后将气呼出。
The doctor told her to ________ deeply and then ________．
④从顶上眺望，景色美得令人窒息。
The view from the top will ________________．
3)concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n. 忧虑，担心；关注；(利害)关系)
(教材原句)If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight, then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
如果你觉得队友没有尽到责任，那么就向你的团队教练以专业的方式提出你的担忧。
If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, don't miss this excellent opportunity!
你如果对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心我们学校的未来，就不要错过这次好机会！
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
(应用文之演讲稿)I appreciate everyone's concern and help at this difficult time.
在此困难时刻，我感激每个人的关心和帮助。
[考点归纳]
(1)show concern for/about 对……表示关心/担心
with concern 关切地
(2)concerned adj. 关切的；担心的
be concerned about/for 关心；为……担心
be concerned with 牵涉；与……有关
as far as...be concerned 关于；就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及
[一言助记]　Jane's latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment. As far as I am concerned, the topic is excellent. In the documentary the concerned parents are concerned about the matter which may be concerning their children.
简最近的一部纪录片是关于年轻人失业问题的。以我之见，这个主题棒极了。在纪录片中忧心忡忡的家长担心可能与他们孩子有关的事情。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Fortunately, I came to know Professor Smith, who showed concern ________ my study.
②(应用文之介绍信)I'd like to share with you some information ________ (concern) Chinese table manners.
③As far as I'm ________ (concern), what the parents think is right, but what they do is wrong.
④我关心哪一部分最吸引外国朋友以便让它更受欢迎。
________________ which section attracts foreign friends most so that it can gain much popularity.
4)help out 帮一把；帮助(某人)克服困难)
(教材原句)I'm in a total mess here—hope you can help me out!
我现在完全是一团糟——希望您能帮我！
(应用文之感谢信)Whenever I get into trouble, my English teacher always helps me out.
无论何时我陷入麻烦，我的英语老师总是帮我摆脱困境。
[考点归纳]
(1)help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮(某人)做某事
can't help to do sth. 不能帮着做某事
(2)can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 不得不做某事
(3)help oneself (to sth.) 自取；自用
(4)help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I am not working here—I am just helping ________．
②While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
③Sometimes, in order to succeed, we can't help but ________ (face) failure bravely and learn from it.
④A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us ________ (keep) healthy both physically and mentally.
⑤Make yourself at home and help ________ (you).
5)let down 使失望，辜负)
(教材原句)We played well, but I felt the team were let down by one member, our point guard.
我们打得很好，但我觉得控球后卫让我们很失望。
(应该文之鼓励信)I'm confident your efforts finally won't let your parents down.
我相信你的努力最终不会让你的父母失望。
It remains unknown who let out the secret.
目前尚不清楚是谁泄露了秘密。
[考点归纳]
let alone 更不用说
let sb. alone 不打扰某人；别管某人
let out 发出(叫声)；把(衣服)加宽；泄露
let go of 放手，松手
let off stream 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When I met with difficulty, he didn't help me out, which let me ________．
②There isn't enough room for us, let ________ any guests.
③I was just letting ________ steam really, because I was so angry.
④He's such a big mouth that he will let all your secrets ________．
6(教材原句) Embarrassed and ashamed,I can't concentrate on anything.
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都不能集中注意力
[句式解构]　Embarrassed and ashamed是形容词短语作状语，说明主语的状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
(读后续写之情感描写)Surprised and pleased, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
又惊又喜，托尼站起来接受了奖品。
(读后续写之动作描写)His legs collapsed, his mind went blank, and he fell to the ground, unconscious.
他的腿一软，脑子一片空白，倒在地上，失去了知觉。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①Seriously ________ (injure), some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
②________ (concern) about the exam result, she can hardly fall asleep lying in bed.
③________ (frighten), she asked me to go with her.
④(应用文之邀请信)I am convinced that you like paper cutting, so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→________________________， I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
7)(教材原句)Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can't.他这样对待你，你一定会感到伤心——我们总是信任最亲近的人，当我们发现自己无法信任时，会更加痛苦。)
[句式解构]　过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。主语是过去分词动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开。
Seen from the top of the hill (＝When it is seen from the top of the hill), the school looks like a big garden.
从山顶上看，这个学校像个大花园。
Given more attention (＝If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.
如果多注意一些，这场大火本来能避免的。
Encouraged (＝As she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.
由于受到老师鼓励，这个女孩非常高兴。
Left (＝Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.
尽管被单独留在家里，但是珍妮一点儿都不害怕。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (lose) in thought, he almost knocked into the big tree in front of him.
②Time, ________ (use) correctly, is money in the bank.
③________ (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
④Some people argue that roads, once ________ (build), should be free.
8)(教材原句)Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind．,满腔怒火时，你想到什么就会说什么。)
[句式解构]　(1)句中whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的宾语从句，whatever相当于anything that。whatever除了引导名词性从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
(2)whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；而however/wherever/whenever一般只引导让步状语从句。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.(宾语从句)
人们普遍认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
(应用文之人物介绍)Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.(让步状语从句)
无论她走到哪里，都有成群的人等着见她。
[即学即练]　选词填空(whatever/
whichever/however/whoever)/一句多译
①I hope that ________ will happen in the future, I still can remain optimistic and strive for my own dream persistently through thick and thin.
②________ rich one may be, there is always something one wants.
③________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship.
④Everyone is equal before the law, and ________ breaks the law should be punished.
⑤无论你说什么，我再也不相信你了。
________________________________________________________________________，
I won't believe you any longer.
＝________________________________________________________________________，
I won't believe you any longer.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In an electric power plant the heat converts water into high pressure ________ (蒸汽).
2．Use a locker to store your things. Wear ________ (宽松的) and comfortable clothing.
3．As the outside of the star ________ (下沉) toward the centre, the star gets smaller and smaller.
4．They must follow it without other choices, even though the ________ (错误) was his.
5．I've ________ (决定) to put those people I love before everything from now on.
6．If your ________ (策略) succeeds, you will make great progress in your study.
7．Within a couple of days, brains learn to ignore the ________ (信号) from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
8．By mile 17, I became out of ________ (呼气) and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
9．You can also share your ________ (担忧) with others and find ways to promote environmental education.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ship would ________ (sink) with all on board but for the captain.
2．________ (disappoint) by the plot of the movie, the audience got up and left before the end of the show.
3．If you invest wisely, you are sure ________ (make) a great fortune in the near future.
4．Customers may ask for a refund if the goods are ________ (fault).
5．As is known to all, traffic ________ (signal) tell drivers and pedestrians when to stop and go.
6．We should remember this saying: loose ________ (lip) sink ships.
7．We must find a way ________ (resolve) these problems before it's too late.
8．We each need to pull our ________ (weigh) by cleaning the dishes, taking out the garbage and paying the bills.
9．We have been concerned ________ you since you returned to your country for sick leave.
10．They are discussing those ________ (strategy) so as to choose the best one.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．你知道为什么很难快乐吗？因为你很难放下那些令你悲伤的事情。
Do you know why it's hard to be happy Because you ________________________ the things that make you sad.
2．她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。
She ________________________ everything was all right.
3．完美的主人就是那种不惜一切代价避免客人尴尬的人。
The perfect host is the one who saves his guest from embarrassment ________________．
4．又惊又怕，汤姆从房间里跑了出去。
________________________________， Tom ran out of the room.
5．当史密斯先生宣读考试结果时，我们都屏息静听。
We ________________________ to listen while Mr Smith announced the results of the exam.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（一）
Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①strategy　②signal　③loose　④fault　⑤breath　⑥concern
2．①C　②A　③B　④E　⑤D
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．help out　2.let down　3.let off steam　4.loose lips sink ships　5.take a breath　6.pull one's weight　7.be crazy about　8.集中精力于　9.使安静，使冷静　10.和……交流　11.(问题)逐渐解决，(复杂情况)逐渐化解　12.和……闲谈
13．向某人道歉　14.陷入困境；一团糟
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．Embarrassed and ashamed
2．whatever comes to your mind
3．making the situation worse
4．Approached this way
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①teammate　②performance　③embarrassed　④ashamed
⑤the point guard　⑥think　⑦speak
2．Ben; Agony Aunt; suggestions/advice
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．A　2.C　3.C　4.A　5.C
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．我酷爱打篮球，打得也很好，也许正因为如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。
2．我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。
3．意思是说如果你对某件事谈论得过多，尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈论，会招来各种各样的麻烦。
4．告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但你想让事情就此过去。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
(1)I'm crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
(2)We played well, but I felt the team were let down by one member, our point guard.
(3)Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.
(4)I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said.
(5)Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything.
要点精研·考点突破
1．①signals　②to find　③traffic signals
2．①out of breath　②we can breathe　③breathe in; breathe out　④take your breath away
3．①for/about　②concerning　③concerned　④I'm concerned about
4．①out　②being persuaded　③face　④(to) keep　⑤yourself
5．①down　②alone　③off　④out
6．①injured　②Concerned　③Frightened　④Convinced that you like paper cutting
7．①Lost　②used　③Offered　④built
8．①whatever　②However　③Whichever　④whoever
⑤No matter what you say; Whatever you say
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．steam　2.loose　3.sinks　4.fault　5.resolved　6.strategy
7．signals　8.breath　9.concerns
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．have sunk　2.Disappointed　3.to make　4.faulty
5．signals　6.lips　7.to resolve　8.weight　9.about/for
10．strategies
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．find it hard to let go of
2．signalled the other girls that
3．whatever the cost
4．Surprised and afraid
5．held our breathPart Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ n. 眼泪，泪水
②________ adv. 此外，而且
③________ adj.公正的；正直的；正义的→________ v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→justice n．正义；公正；正直
④________ adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地；坦诚地
⑤________ adj.晚的，迟的　adv.晚地，迟地→________ n．后者→lately adv.最近，不久前→later adj.晚些的，迟些的 adv.后来；之后→latest adj.最近的，最新的；最晚的
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①tangled A．n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
(　　)②web B．v.编，织
(　　)③weave C．v.欺骗
(　　)④deceive D．adj.纠结的；复杂的
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 撒谎
2．________________ 保护……免受……
3．________________ 说实话
4．________________ 在何种程度上
5．________________ 事实上，实际上
6．ask for one's advice ________________
7．go back to ________________
8．in advance ________________
9．find out ________________
10．hide...from... ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．过去分词作状语
沃尔特·司各特两百多年前写下的这些诗句，至今仍是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的摘录之一。
_____________________________， these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most wellknown excerpts of Scottish poetry.
2．that引导同位语从句
或许我们会这样安慰自己，我们说的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”：即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎言。
Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge _______________： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
3．even if引导让步状语从句
或者如果一个朋友问我们对他的新发型有什么看法时，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，我们仍会说“棒极了！”。
Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It's great！”，___________．
4．so that引导目的状语从句
停下来考虑一下，也许你的朋友想要你的一些坦率的评论，以便他们可以改进。
Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you ________________________．
5．every time引导时间状语从句
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访的时候都出现在餐桌上。
Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served ________________________．
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
2．The main idea of the passage is ________________________ of telling white lies.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B．To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C. To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D．To analyze why people like telling white lies.
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．Being honest means you are valuable.
B．We tell lies so as to protect others.
C．Honest men say they never tell lies.
D．White lies have a kind original intention.
3．In which example is a white lie used to give encouragement
A．Your haircut looks good.
B．The meal you cooked is delicious.
C．You sing a wonderful song.
D．My day is fine. Don't worry.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．All the white lies are good for our life.
B．All the white lies are bad for our life.
C．Sometimes a white lie has a result we can't know in advance.
D．If we tell a white lie, we will lose our best friends.
5．What is the author's attitude towards “telling white lies”？
A．Approving. B．Disapproving.
C．Cautious. D．Neutral.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the passage and find the sentences containing quotes.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①excerpt n．摘录；节选
②tangled
/'t ɡ( )ld/
adj.纠结的；复杂的
③web/web/n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
④weave/wi v/ v．编，织
⑤deceive/dI'si v/v.欺骗
⑥tell a lie 说谎
⑦comfort...with用……安慰
⑧protect...from...
保护……免于……
⑨the majority of大多数……
⑩haircut n．发型
to what extent到何种程度
justify/'d stIfaI/v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
the reason for……的原因
secretly adv.秘密地；背地里
in fact 实际上
encouragement n．鼓励
for example 例如
despite prep.尽管
for a moment一会儿
frank/fr k/
adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
hide v．隐藏
tear/tI / n．眼泪，泪水
latter/'l t /n.后者
the latter后者
ask for one's advice寻求某人的建议
in advance提前
serve v．端上
expect sb. to do...期望某人做……
instead of而不是
moreover
/m r' v / adv.此外，而且
closest to最靠近；最亲近
[教材原文]
Little White Lies
Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most wellknown excerpts① of Scottish poetry：
Oh, what a tangled② web③ we weave④，
When first we practise to deceive⑤！
We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie⑥【1】？ Perhaps we comfort ourselves with⑦ the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”【2】： little lies that we tell to protect others from⑧ the truth.
【1】该句为并列连词but连接而成的并列句。在前一分句中包括两个that引导的宾语从句，后一分句中that从句也是宾语从句。
【2】that引导同位语从句。在同位语从句中，we tell为定语从句，修饰先行词most of the lies。
We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don't like. The majority of⑨ us of course don't tell the truth—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”．
Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut⑩， we say “It's great！”， even if we think it's awful【3】. But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
【3】该句是一个复合句，从句是if引导的条件状语从句，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句，主句中含有even if引导的让步状语从句，且该从句中think后为省略连词that的宾语从句。
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. However, when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks__good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else【4】？Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
【4】句中的从句是由when引导的两个并列的时间状语从句，在这两个从句中各含有一个that引导的宾语从句，且后一个that从句中还有一个that引导的定语从句。
Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement . Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it's wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve【5】. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
【5】该句是祈使句，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句和so that引导的目的状语从句。
Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you've had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter , don't you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings【6】？ Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice
【6】该句为主从复合句，从句为If条件句的省略形式，主句中含有一个省略that的宾语从句，宾语从句是由and连接的并列句结构。
Going back to Walter Scott's lines, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance . Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad Moreover , how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you【7】？
【7】该句是复合句，从句是由if引导的条件状语从句，从句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
[课文译文]
善意的谎言
沃尔特·司各特在两百多年前写的这几行文字仍然是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的诗句之一：
哦，当我们开始学着欺骗时，
我们就编织了一张多么复杂的网啊！
我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，而说谎是错误的，但是谁能诚实地说他们从来没有说过谎呢？也许我们用我们所说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”来安慰自己：为了保护别人不受真相的伤害而说的小谎。
我们肯定都有过这样的经历：有人给我们做了一顿我们不喜欢吃的饭。我们大多数人当然不会说实话——我们撒谎说食物“很美味”。
或者如果一个朋友问我们对他的新发型有什么看法时，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，我们仍会说“棒极了！”。但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
说善意的谎言，一个主要原因是试图让别人感觉好一些。然而，当我们撒谎说某人的发型好看，或者我们说喜欢一顿我们暗自讨厌的饭时，我们真的是希望改善别人的处境吗？也许实际上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是鼓励别人。比如说，你的朋友问你对他唱的歌的看法时，你当然会说唱得很棒，尽管你暗自认为就连你的猫唱得也要比他好。停下来考虑一下，也许你的朋友想要你的一些坦率的评论，以便他们可以改进。又或者，他们想知道是否应该寻求一个不同的爱好。
最后，当我们想保护别人不受坏消息的影响时，我们也可以撒个善意的谎。如果你今天过得不好，你会告诉你的父母这件事，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪撒谎说你这一天过得“很好”呢？如果是后者，难道你不觉得其实父母愿意倾听从而理解你的感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心、征求他们的意见，难道不是更好吗？
回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句中，我们会发现即使是善意的谎言也会产生我们事先无法知道的结果。也许你说的“美味”的饭菜会在你每次来的时候做给你吃。如果你的朋友发现你对他的“精彩”演唱撒了谎，他还会相信你的观点吗？如果你只分享好消息而不是坏消息，你还能期望别人真正理解你的情绪吗？此外，如果你发现你最亲近的人一直在向你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感觉呢？
1)tear n．眼泪，泪水　v．(tore, torn)撕破；撕掉；拨掉)
(读后续写之神情和动作描写)Thrilled and joyful, he hugged his teammates tightly with tears rolling down his face.
他激动而高兴，紧紧地拥抱着队友，泪水从脸上滑落。
I don't know what it was in the novel that made him burst into tears.我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然大哭起来。
Many old buildings were torn down in favor of new modern communities.很多老楼房因为要建设新的现代社区而被拆掉。
[考点归纳]
(1)in tears 流泪地
move sb. to tears 使某人感动得流泪
burst into tears 放声大哭
fight/hold back the tears 忍住眼泪
(2)tear up 撕毁；撕碎(文件等)
tear down 拆毁；拆除(建筑物、墙等)
tear sth. into/to pieces 把某物撕成碎片
tear sth. in half/two 将……撕成两半
[一言助记]　The young lady tore the letter open and tried to hold back her tears. After reading the letter, she tore it into halves, then tore it into pieces and burst into tears.那位年轻的女士把信撕开，试图忍住她的泪水。读完信后，她把信撕成两半然后撕得粉碎，随后突然大哭起来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hardly had she entered the room when she burst ________ tears.
②She tore papers ________ and left the room ________ tears.
③He couldn't ________________________ (忍住自己的眼泪) when seeing the terrifying scene.
2)independent adj.独立的)
(应用文之建议信)As far as I'm concerned, you should aim to become more independent of the teachers.
在我看来，你应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。
[考点归纳]
be independent of 独立于……；不受……支配
become independent 变得独立
[思维导词]　
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①A good teacher encourages ________ (independent) of thought.
②Some students are often dependent ________ their teachers, which lets us down.
③It costs between $50 and $70, ________ (depend) on what you want.
④既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立，不靠父母的帮助。
Now that you are a college student, you should learn ________________________ your parents' help.
＝Now that you are a college student, you should learn ________________________ your parents' help.
3)protect...from/against... 保护……免受……)
(应用文之环境保护)We should take action to protect the limited natural resources from being wasted.
我们应采取行动保护有限的自然资源不被浪费。
He has devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他投身于稀有动物的保护工作。
[考点归纳]
(1)protection n. 保护，防护
protective adj. 保护的，防护的
under the protection of 在……的保护下
(2)常见“动词＋sb./sth.＋from...”结构：
save sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物免于……
forbid sb./sth. from... 禁止某人/某物……
prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from... 阻止某人/某物……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We will spare no effort to protect our surroundings from ________ (pollute).
②She made contributions to the environmental ________ (protect), though she was just a child.
③The policeman kept the children ________ crossing the road when it was dangerous.
④What can we do to prevent these animals from ________ (die) out？
4)(教材原句)Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit．也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。)
[句式解构]
(1)句中every time为名词短语作连词引导的时间状语从句，every time相当于whenever，表示“每当……”。
(2)用作连词的名词短语还有each time、 last time、 the first time、 next time、 the moment、 the minute等。它们引导时间状语从句时，其后不再加连词。
Although annoyed at what I did, my parents chose to forgive me every time I made a mistake.
虽然我的父母对我的所作所为很生气，但每次我犯错误的时候，他们都选择原谅我。
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
每次我乘船旅行，我都会晕船。
[名师点津]　the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
For the first time, I could see softness and warmth in his eyes.
第一次，我在他的眼中看到了温柔和温暖。
[即学即练]　完成句子/同义句转换
①下次你来时，一定要带上你的小女儿一起来。
________________________， be sure to take your little daughter with you.
②他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在这里定居了。
________________________ he came to the city, he decided to settle here.
③我们不能每次你头痛就叫医生。
We can't keep calling the doctor ________________ you get a headache.
④She burst into tears as soon as she heard of the accident.
→She burst into tears ________________ she heard of the accident.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Villagers say the ________ (篱笆) would restrict public access to the hills.
2．He offered a ________ (坦诚的) apology to her for having lost the telephone.
3．Many ________ (独立的) Chinese women like to earn their own bread.
4．________ (此外), by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience.
5．No sooner had she said it than she burst into ________ (泪水).
6．I try to keep my work and private life as far ________ (分开) as possible.
7．When unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the ________ (后者) is due to the former.
8．Ministers must appear before Parliament and ________ (为……辩护) their action.
Ⅱ.短语填空
settle down, tell a lie, in advance, to what extent, by accident, consist of, run away from, protect...from, hide...from, tell the truth
1．You'd better wear your coat to ____________ yourself ____________ the cold outside.
2．____________ do you agree with this statement
3．He didn't finish his homework last night so he ____________， which made his teacher angry.
4．The couple made up their mind to ____________ the bad news ____________ their son that his grandma was slightly injured in a car accident.
5．To ____________， I'm very concerned about the final examination next week, for I haven't made careful preparation.
6．If there is any change about the time of the meeting, please notify us ____________．
7．It is said that success ____________ three important factors: talent, diligence and luck.
8．The other day I met one of my old friends ____________．
9．Kathy ____________ home at the age of 16 and didn't come back any more.
10．The couple were glad to see their daughter ____________ and get married.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I work during my spare time, which gives me financial ________ (independent).
2．Apart from being ________ (intelligence), he is also warmhearted, which earned him everyone's respect in the team.
3．We are working to raise money for the local homeless shelters. ____________， we are collecting clothing to offer those in need.
4．Much to her ________ (embarrass), she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
5．Despite ________ (know) it was impossible to finish the project in such a short time, he still wanted to have a try.
6．To be frank ________ you, many parents have to admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.
7．After reading it, she ________ (tear) the letter to pieces and threw them into the fire.
8．My teacher asked me to make a few ________ (adjust) to my strategy.
9．What the old man said really made the girl ________ (annoy).
10．We must ________ (sure) that all patients have access to highquality care.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（三）Part Ⅲ　Developing ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①tear　②moreover　③just; justify　④frank　⑤late; latter
2．①D　②A　③B　④C
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．tell a lie　2.protect...from...　3.tell the truth　4.to what extent　5.in fact　6.征求某人的意见　7.回到(原先的话题)　8.提前，预先　9.弄明白，搞清楚　10.对……隐瞒……
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．Written more than two hundred years ago
2．that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”
3．even if we think it's awful
4．so that they can improve
5．every time you visit
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①feel better　②ourselves　③encouragement　④frank　⑤different　⑥bad news
2．the reasons and results
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．A　2.D　3.C　4.C　5.B
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．……我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”：即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
2．或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，我们也会说“棒极了！”
3．……当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most wellknown excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh, what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive!
要点精研·考点突破
1．①into　②up; in　③hold/fight back his tears
2．①independence　②on/upon　③depending　④to be independent of; not to depend on
3．①being polluted　②protection　③from　④dying
4．①Next time you come　②The first time　③every time
④the moment/minute
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．fence　2.frank　3.independent　4.Moreover　5.tears
6．apart　7.latter　8.justify
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．protect; from　2.To what extent　3.told a lie　4.hide; from　5.tell the truth　6.in advance　7.consists of　8.by accident　9.ran away from　10.settle down
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．independence　2.intelligent　3.Moreover　4.embarrassment
5．knowing　6.with　7.tore　8.adjustments　9.annoyed　10.ensure

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