资源简介

Part Ⅱ　Using language
　
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________ adj. 被动的
2．________ prep. 无法……
3．________ n. 例子，实例
4．________ n. 天文学家
5．________ n. 生物学家
6．________ n. 小河，小溪
7．________ adj. 非凡的，出色的
8．________ adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
9．________ n. 学说，理论
10．________ n. 药剂；疗法
11．________ adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义
12．________ v．使受伤，弄伤→________ adj.受伤的→________ n．伤害，损害
13．________ adj.精确的→________ adv.准确地→________ n．准确(性)；精确(程度)
14．________ n．起源，起因→originate v．起源于；发源于→________ adj.起初的；原先的；原来的
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①to date 迄今，到目前为止
②due to 由于，归因于
③for instance 例如
④name...after... 以……的名字命名
⑤field research 实地研究，实地调研
⑥make an advance towards 在……方面取得进展
⑦the majority of 大多数
⑧be recognized as 被认为是
1)beyond prep.无法……；超出(某个数量、水平或限度)；晚于，迟于；除……之外　adv.在更远处，往更远处；在……较远的一边)
(教材原句)Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.
在未来的80年里，3D打印可能会让我们的生活发生翻天覆地的变化。
(应用文之旅游)The scenery along the lake is beautiful beyond description.湖边的景色美得难以形容。
The problem was quite beyond him.
他根本无法理解这个问题。
[考点归纳]
beyond comparison/compare 无与伦比
beyond control 无法/难以控制
beyond doubt 无疑地；确定地
beyond description/expression/recognition 无法描述/表达/辨认
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The town centre had changed __________________________________ (认不出来).
②The whole problem was hard to solve. It __________________________________ (他无法理解).
③他的成功令人难以置信，因为他的对手非常有经验。
His success was ________________________ since his competitor was so experienced.
④她在昨天音乐会上的表演无与伦比。
Her performance at yesterday's concert was __________________________．
2)significant adj.重要的，影响深远的)
(应用文之人物介绍)What he has done for the disabled is significant.
他为残疾人所做的事有很重要的意义。
Most people attach great significance to education. 大多数人重视教育。
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering from heart problems.
这种新药的发现对患有心脏病的人具有重要意义。
[考点归纳]
(1)play a significant role in 在……中发挥重要作用
It is significant that... ……很重要。
be significant＝be of significance 重要的
(2)attach (great/little) significance to认为……(很/几乎不)重要
be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不/几乎不)重要
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the ________ (significant) of it.
②Learning strategies，________ which the teachers attach significance, haven't drawn enough attention of students.
③The new drug has great ________ (significant) for the treatment of the disease.
④The plan to be carried out is ________ great significance to people's life there.
⑤It is very significant for us to acquire a good knowledge of English.
→It is ______________________ for us to acquire a good knowledge of English.
3)injure v．使受伤，弄伤)
(教材原句)And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3Dprinted shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
而且不仅仅是人类受益——在巴西，人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印的龟壳！
(读后续写之动作描写)She fell and slightly injured her arm.她跌倒了，胳膊受了轻伤。
The main thing is to attend to the injured.首要任务是照顾伤者。
Don't do that. You will do yourself an injury.
别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。
Too much smoking will injure the voice.吸烟太多会损害嗓音。
[考点归纳]
(1)injure v. 使受伤；弄伤；伤害；损害
injure health 损害健康
injure badly/seriously/severely 严重受伤
injure slightly 轻微受伤
(2)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(3)injury n. 伤害；损伤
do sb. an injury 使某人受伤害
slight/serious/severe injury 轻/重伤
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①The ________ (injure) was quite painful and I couldn't move my arm for a month—I hated that.
②Don't get over the fence—you'll do yourself an ________ (injure).
③A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles ________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
④The people who were injured in the earthquake were sent to the nearest hospital at once.(用非谓语动词作定语改写)
→________________ in the earthquake were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
4)cure vt.治愈；治好　n．疗法，治疗；药剂)
(教材原句)Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目前，还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善患有这种疾病的人的生活质量的方法。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
At one point doctors couldn't cure TB/cure people of TB.
医生曾经无法治愈肺结核/肺结核病人。
[考点归纳]
(1)cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为
(2)a cure for sth. 某疾病的治疗方法
There is no cure for... 没有办法治愈……
[辨析]　cure强调“治愈”(结果)
treat强调“治疗”(过程)
treat sb. for sth.治疗某人的病
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/选词填空(treat/cure)
①Although this medicine can cure you ________ your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
②The government is trying to seek a good cure ________ unemployment.
③Seeing her sick son finally ________ (cure) by the doctor, the mother wore a smile of relief.
④It was considerate of Michael to inform us ________ his delay in case we got worried.
⑤The dentist ________ my teeth, but he didn't ________ them.
现在完成时的被动语态(Present perfect passive)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成。
1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
2．In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
3．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
4．I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself.
5．Nothing like this has been invented yet.
[归纳填空]　①句中黑体部分的共同特点是：_________________________。
②黑体部分的动词和句子的主语之间皆为________关系。
③句中黑体部分动作的发出者明确吗？________。为什么？________________________
精要点拨
现在完成时的被动语态强调动作或状态在说话之前已经结束或持续到现在并对现在产生影响或造成结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。
一、构成
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shaperecognition abilities to a human twoyearold.
戈芬凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，已经被证明具有与人类两岁孩子相似的形状识别能力。
Haven't you been informed of the date of the interview
你还没有被告知面试日期吗？
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
二、用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被维修)
[名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already 已经(常用于肯定句)
yet 已经(常用于否定句或一般疑问句)
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
by now 到现在为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
3．现在完成时的被动语态的否定和疑问句式
(1)现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“主语＋ have/has＋not＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。
The car has not been repaired.
这辆汽车还没有修好。
(2)现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have/Has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。
—Has her work been finished
——她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes，it has.
——是的，完成了。
—Have the cars been repaired
——这些汽车修好了吗？
—No，they haven't.
——不，还没有。
(3)现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“特殊疑问词＋ have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。
How long has her work been finished
她的工作完成多久了？
三、现在完成时的被动语态使用须知
1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。
2．现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
时态 动作发生 的时间 对现在 的影响
一般过去时的被动语态 过去 无影响
现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有影响
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
大火在两个小时前就被扑灭了。
The big fire has been put out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
3．被动语态句子中的主语是行为动作的承受者。
如happen, cost, last, take place, break out, belong to等不及物动词或词组就没有被动形式。
With a lot of progress made, great changes have taken place in our school since 2016.
自2016年以来，我们学校取得了很大的进步，发生了很大的变化。
4．由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, marry, open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，若与这些时间状语连用，需要改换动词或时态。
译：这本书买了多久了？
误：How long has this book been bought
正：When was this book bought？/How long have you had the book？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More than 100 famous films ________ (show) in the city since July.
2．How many cars ________ (produce) in the factory since 1990
3．Three new schools ________ (open) in our city in the past five years.
4．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.
5．—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry, but it ________ (take) already.
6．It's said that the bridge ________ (close) for repairs for months.
7．Our classroom ________ (clean), you needn't clean it now.
Ⅱ.短语填空
pay attention to, as...as, name after, due to, along with，be regarded as, the number of, for instance
1．These data are not _________ accurate _________ those taken from the field research.
2．On the Origin of Species explains changes in species ____________ natural selection.
3．The painting ____________ one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.
4．____________ the language that describes careers as astronomer, chemist and biologist.
5．____________ families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.
6．Phillimore Island ____________ its discoverer, Sir Robert Phillimore.
7．I was prepared to go ____________ whatever the majority decided.
8．These jobs are more dangerous than truck driving, ____________， training lions.
Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态
1．Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．The programmer has programmed the robots to act just like human beings.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．They have put the computer into a robot.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．We have already finished the work.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．He has given the child some interesting books.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．Have they returned the book yet
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（八）
Part Ⅱ　Using language
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．passive　2.beyond　3.instance　4.astronomer　5.biologist
6．stream　7.extraordinary　8.brilliant　9.theory　10.cure
11．significant　12.injure; injured; injury　13.accurate; accurately; accuracy　14.origin; original
要点精研·考点突破
1．①beyond recognition　②was beyond him　③beyond belief
④beyond compare/comparison
2．①significance　②to　③significance　④of　⑤of great significance
3．①injury　②injury　③was injured　④The people injured
4．①of　②for　③cured　④of　⑤treated; cure
语法精讲·核心突破
[归纳填空]　①都是have/has been done格式　②被动
③不明确；因为不知道或没必要说出
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．have been shown　2.have been produced　3.have been opened　4.have taken　5.has been taken　6.has been closed
7．has been cleaned
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．as；as　2.due to　3.is regarded as　4.Pay attention to
5．The number of　6.is named after　7.along with
8．for instance
Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态
1．Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.
2．The robots have been programmed to act just like human beings by the programmer.
3．The computer has been put into a robot by them.
4．The work has already been finished by us.
5．The child has been given some interesting books by him./Some interesting books have been given to the child by him.
6．Has the book been returned by them yet
7．The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.Part Ⅳ　Writing an experiment report
Step Ⅰ　文本研读
理清脉络：整体理解
1．This passage tells us ________________________________ when it is put on top of the bottle, from which hot water is poured out.
2．Pay attention to the materials and procedure.
Step Ⅱ　知识点
熟记下列重要短语
1．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续
①the procedure for (doing) sth.做某事的程序
②the correct/proper/normal procedure 正确/合理/标准的步骤
2．under the instructions of在……的指导下
3．draw the conclusion得出结论
Step Ⅲ　Writing an experiment report
[文体介绍]
英文的实验报告主要描述实验目的、实验材料、实验步骤、实验结果和实验反思等。该文体要求逻辑清晰、语言平实，要把实验的过程表述清楚。
[篇章结构]
实验报告在篇章结构上通常分为三部分：
(1)文章开头部分需要介绍一下实验背景和实验目的；
(2)文章主体部分介绍实验材料和实验的具体步骤；
(3)在最后的结论部分，交代实验的结果和从中学到的知识或者道理。
[话题词汇及句式]
1．话题词汇
教材词汇
(1)instruction n. 操作指南，用法说明
(2)procedure n. 步骤
(3)draw/reach/come to a conclusion得出结论
其他词汇
(1)do/carry out/conduct an experiment做实验
(2)aim n. 目的；目标
(3)material n. 材料
(4)stage n. 阶段
(5)result n. 结果
2．话题句式
(1)描写实验目的：
①...carry out an experiment to find out...
②The aim of the experiment is to find out...
③...with the purpose of discovering...
(2)描写实验用品：
①To carry out/make/do/perform the experiment, you need...
②The following things are needed...
③The following apparatuses are used...
(3)描写实验方法或过程：
①...make good preparations for...
②It is important that...
③...do the experiment as follows.
④firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally; first, then, next, after that, two hours later; after several days
⑤find a better way of doing...
(4)描写实验结论：
①From this experiment we can conclude...
②...draw/come to the conclusion that...
③We can learn from the experiment that...
④We can find out that...
⑤You can see/discover...
⑥In conclusion...
[实践应用]
假定你是李华，请根据以下提示写一篇实验报告。
实验目的：观察水的沸腾。
实验步骤：
1．在烧杯中放入适量的水；
2．把温度计放到水中；
3．点燃酒精灯，仔细观察温度计和水的变化。
实验结果：
1．水温在60℃以下时，随着水温不断升高，杯底气泡(bubble)越来越多，有少量气泡上升；
2．水温在60～90℃之间时，杯底气泡逐渐减少，气泡上升逐渐加快；
3．水温达到100℃时，气泡上升最快，水面气泡最多，温度不再变化。
实验结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾。
参考词汇：烧杯beaker；温度计thermometer；酒精灯alcohol burner
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步　布局谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
?完成句子
1．设计该实验的目的是观察水沸腾时的温度及发生的变化。
This experiment ________________________ the temperature when water boils and what happens in water during boiling.
2．为了做实验，我准备了以下器材：水、一个温度计、一个烧杯和一盏酒精灯。
________________________，I prepared the following equipment: water, a thermometer, a beaker and an alcohol burner.
3．现在你能够看到，当温度达到100℃时，大量的气泡会从杯底上升至水面。
Now you can see that ______________________，plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface.
4．实验后，我可以得出结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾，另外大量的气泡会在沸腾时上升至水面。
After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion: water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade ________________________．
?句式升级
5．用that引导的主语从句、with复合结构改写句3。
Now ________________________ plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface __________________________________________．
6．用that引导的同位语从句、while引导的时间状语从句改写句4。
After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion ________________________ at 100 degrees centigrade ________________________________ during the boiling.
第三步　完美成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part Ⅳ　Writing an experiment report
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ　文本研读
理清脉络：整体理解
1．what will happen to the boiled egg
Step Ⅲ　Writing an experiment report
第二步
1．is designed to observe
2．To carry out the experiment
3．when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade
4．with plenty of bubbles rising to the surface during boiling
5．it can be seen that; with the temperature reaching 100 degrees centigrade
6．that water starts boiling; while plenty of bubbles rise to the surface
第三步
This experiment is designed to observe the temperature when water boils and what happens in water during boiling. To carry out the experiment, I prepared the following equipment: water, a thermometer, a beaker and an alcohol burner.
Procedure：
First, half fill the beaker with water. Then put the thermometer in it. Finally, light the alcohol burner and heat the water, and observe the readings of the thermometer. Now it can be seen that plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the water surface with the temperature reaching 100 degrees centigrade.
After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion that water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade while plenty of bubbles rise to the surface during the boiling.Unit 3单元基础知识汇总
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
press /pres/v. 按
shoot / u t/v. 射出(光线等)，放射
gunpowder /'g n pa d /n. 火药
compass /'k mp s/ n. 指南针，罗盘
virtual/'v t u l/ adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
virtual reality 虚拟现实
wearable tech 可穿戴技术
flexible /'fleksIb( )l/ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的
battery /'b t( )ri/ n. 电池
compute /k m'pju t/ v. 计算
capable/'keIp b( )l/ adj. 有能力的
stuff /st f/ n. 东西，物品
desire /dI'zaI /n. 渴望，欲望
passive/'p sIv/adj. 被动的
beyond/bI'j nd/prep. 无法……
instance/'Inst ns/n. 例子，实例
significant/sIɡ'nIfIk nt/adj. 重要的，影响深远的
injure/'Ind /v. 使受伤，弄伤
chemist/'kemIst/n. 化学家
astronomer/ 'str n m /n. 天文学家
biologist/baI' l d Ist/n. 生物学家
accurate/' kj r t/adj. 精确的
Gregorian calendar 公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方使用的历法)
minor/'maIn /adj. 小的
origin/' rId In/n. 起源，起因
species/'spi i z/n. 物种
stream/stri m/n. 小河，小溪
extraordinary/Ik'str d( )n( )ri/adj.
非凡的，出色的
brilliant/'brIlj nt/adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
radium/'reIdi m/n. 镭(一种化学元素)
Goldbach's Conjecture 哥德巴赫猜想
theory/'θI ri/n. 学说，理论
mental/'mentl/adj. 精神的；精神健康的
cure/kj /n. 药剂；疗法
⑨串联　steam n．→scream v．→stream n.
看到小溪(stream)里的水变成了蒸汽(steam)，她吓得尖叫(scream)起来
⑩派生　extra＋ordinary adj.普通的，平常的，平凡的→extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的
extra前缀：在……之外，超出
对比　bright adj.明亮的→brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
对比　stadium n．体育场→radium n．镭(一种化学元素)
对比　practice n．实践→theory n．学说，理论
对比　metal n．金属→mental adj.精神的；精神健康的
对比　sure adj.→cure n.
我确信(sure)这一疗法(cure)可行
draft /drɑ ft/v. 起草，草拟
declaration/ dekl 'reI ( )n/n. 声明，宣告
experiment/Ik'sperIm nt/n. (科学)实验
lightning /'laItnI /n. 闪电
fiction/'fIk ( )n/n. 虚构的事，想象的事
metal /'metl/n. 金属
attach/ 't t /v. 系，绑；贴
flash/fl /n. 闪光
conduct/k n'd kt/v. 传导(热、电)
scientific/ saI n'tIfIk/adj. 科学(上)的
entirely/In'taI li/adv. 完全地，彻底地
gravity/'gr vIti/n. 重力，引力
account/ 'ka nt/n. 记述，描述
proof/pru f/n. 证明，证据
procedure/pr 'si d /n. 程序，步骤，手续
⑤对比　medal n．→metal n.
这枚奖牌(medal)是用金属(metal)制成的
⑥对比　attack v．袭击→attach v．系，绑；贴
⑦对比　ash n．→flash n.
灰(ash)不会闪光(flash)
⑧对比　consult v．→conduct v．传导(热、电)
请教(consult)老师传导(conduct)现象
⑨派生　science n．科学＋ific→scientific adj.科学(上)的
fic形容词后缀：具有某种性质的；产生……的
⑩派生　entire adj.＋ly→entirely adv.完全地，彻底地
ly副词后缀：以……方式
对比　activity n．→gravity n.
活动(activity)与引力(gravity)有关
对比　roof n．→proof n.
在屋顶(roof)上找证据(proof)
本单元短语
1．become a reality 成为现实
2．in addition 除此之外，另外
3．make advances in 在……方面取得进步
4．in terms of 就……而言
5．be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事
6．never say never 别轻易说决不
7．beyond recognition 认不出来
8．for instance 例如
9．natural selection 自然选择
10．apart from 除……之外
11．focus on 重点关注
12．contribute to/towards 促成，造成
13．come up with 想出
14．take place 发生
15．to date 到目前为止
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ v. 射出(光线等)；放射
2．________ adj. 易弯曲的；柔韧的
3．________ n. 东西；物品
4．________ adj. 被动的
5．________ prep. 无法……
6．________ n. 例子；实例
7．________ n. 物种
8．________ adj. 非凡的，出色的
9．________ adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的
10．________ n. 学说，理论
11．________ n. 药剂；疗法
12．________ v. 起草，草拟
13．________ n. (科学)实验
14．________ n. 虚构的事，想象的事
15．________ n. 金属
16．________ n. 闪光
17．________ v. 传导(热、电)
18．________ adv. 完全地；彻底地
19．________ n. 记述，描述
20．________ n. 程序，步骤，手续
21．________ v．按→________ n．压力
22．________ adj.有能力的→________ n．能力
23．________ n．渴望，欲望→________ adj.渴望的；想要的
24．________ adj.重要的；影响深远的→________ n．重要性；意义
25．________ v．使受伤，弄伤→________ n．受伤(处)
26．________ adj.精确的→________ adv.精确地→________ n．准确
27．________ adj.小的→________ n．少数
28．________ n．起源；起因→________ adj.最初的；原始的
29．________ adj.精神的；精神健康的→________ adv.精神上地
30．________ n．声明，宣告→________ v．宣布
31．________ v．系，绑；贴→________ n．依附
32．________ adj.科学(上)的→________ n．科学家________ n．科学
33．________ n．证明，证据→________ v．证明
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 除此之外，另外
2．________________ 就……而言；在……方面
3．________________ 多亏，幸亏，由于
4．________________ 有……的能力
5．________________ 以……开始
6．________________ 别轻易说不
7．________________ 依附于；依恋
8．________________ 把……系到……
9．________________ 和……一起
10．________________ 死于……
11．________________ 提出
12．________________ 到目前为止
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．强调句型的特殊疑问句。
So ________________________ inspires us to invent things
那么是什么激励我们发明东西呢？
2．与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
But scientists all agree that if Franklin ___________ the key，he ______________ from the electric shock.
但是科学家们一致认为如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙，那他肯定就会死于电击了。
3．It is possible to do...
In terms of the environment，___________________ an intelligent walking house.
就环境而言，现在可以制造智能的可行走的房屋。
4．neither...nor...
However，________ the story ________ the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。
温馨提示：请完成单元素养提升(三)
单元检测卷(三)
Unit 3　单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．shoot　2.flexible　3.stuff　4.passive　5.beyond
6．instance　7.species　8.extraordinary　9.brilliant
10．theory　11.cure　12.draft　13.experiment　14.fiction　15.metal　16.flash　17.conduct　18.entirely　19.account　20.procedure　21.press; pressure　22.capable; capability　23.desire; desired　24.significant; significance　25.injure; injury　26.accurate; accurately; accuracy　27.minor; minority　28.origin; original　29.mental; mentally
30．declaration; declare　31.attach; attachment
32．scientific; scientist; science　33.proof; prove
Ⅱ.短语
1．in addition　2.in terms of　3.thanks to　4.be capable of　5.start with　6.never say never　7.be attached to　8.tie... to...　9.along with　10.die from　11. come up with
12．to date
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．what is it that　2.had actually touched; would certainly have died　3.it is now possible to create　4.neither; norPart Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 射出(光线等)，放射
②________ adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
③________ n. 电池
④________ n. 东西，物品
⑤________ v．按→pressure n．压力，挤压
⑥________ adj.有能力的→capability n．能力，才能
⑦________ n．渴望，欲望　v．渴望，想要→desired adj.期望得到的，希望实现的
⑧________ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①gunpowder A．v.计算
(　　)②compass B．n.火药
(　　)③compute C．n.指南针，罗盘
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 除此之外，另外
2．________________ 就……而言；在……方面
3．________________ 多亏；幸亏；由于
4．________________ 有……的能力
5．________________ 以……开始
6．never say never ________________
7．lead to ________________
8．as well as ________________
9．think of ________________
10．what's more ________________
11．no doubt ________________
12．at the moment ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．as well as连接并列名词
虚拟现实，可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的进步意味着我们将很快看到进一步的发展。
Advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, ___________， ________ we should soon be seeing further developments.
2．It is＋adj.＋to do sth.
就环境而言，现在可以制造智能的可行走的房屋。
In terms of the environment, ________________ an intelligent walking house.
3．强调句型的特殊疑问句
那么是什么激励我们发明东西呢？
So ________________ inspires us to invent things
4．what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句
但是仍然重要的是我们有一个难以置信的思考和创造的愿望，这才是真正的发明精神。
But ________________ is ________________________________， and that's the real spirit of invention.
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
2．What's the main idea of the passage
We are in the new age of ______. A lot of today's great inventions are _____ and _______ inspires invention.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What does the passage aim to do
A．To introduce a new book.
B．To introduce a famous writer.
C. To inspire people to invent things.
D．To discuss inventions with a writer.
2．Why does Richard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China
A．To prove the golden ages of invention in history.
B．To tell us the importance of the four inventions.
C. To share his knowledge about the four inventions.
D. To compare them with the great Western inventions.
3．What new inventions are NOT mentioned in the text
A．Virtual reality and wearable tech.
B．The flexible battery and the 3D printers.
C．The inventions made by Richard.
D．The replacement of human organs.
4．What is Richard's attitude to inventing a time machine
A．Negative. B．Optimistic.
C．Critical. D．Supportive.
5．What does “Never say never” mean according to the passage
A．There is no royal road to learning.
B．Anything is possible.
C．A man becomes learned by asking questions.
D．Experience is the mother of wisdom.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the interview carefully and find the sentences to describe the advances in medicine and environmental science.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①pleasure n．快乐；快乐的事(人)
It's a pleasure to do sth. 做……是快乐的
②suggest v．表明；建议
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest that... suggest
表“建议”，其后跟宾语从句，从句往往使用should do结构，should可省略；suggest作“表明，暗示”之意时，其后跟that从句不用虚拟语气
③throughout history在整个历史上
in history在历史上
with a long history有一段悠久的历史
④gunpowder/'g n pa d / n．火药
⑤compass/'k mp s/n.指南针，罗盘
⑥the steam engine蒸汽机
⑦techbased adj.基于高科技的
⑧advance n．& v．发展；进步；前进
advance towards朝……前进/进步
in advance提前
⑨virtual /'v t u l/adj.虚拟的，模拟的
virtual reality虚拟现实
⑩wearable tech可穿戴技术
as well as也；和……一样
as well也；和(往往用于句尾)
flexible /'fleksIb( )l/adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的
battery /'b t( )ri/n.电池
in addition除此之外，另外
thanks to由于；幸亏
be used to do被用来做……
be used to doing习惯于……
replacement n．替代；代替
[教材原文]
The New Age of Invention
Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages. This evening, I'll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published 【1】. Welcome, Richard!
【1】whose引导非限制性定语从句，whose在定语从句中充当定语；后面的has just been published为现在完成时的被动语态。
Richard: Thank you. It's a pleasure① to be here.
Interviewer: I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. It suggests② that the present day is a new age for inventions 【2】， but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
【2】本句是that引导的宾语从句，作动词suggests的宾语，suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，故宾语从句中没有用虚拟语气(should)＋do的形式。
Richard: Well, that's an interesting point. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history③. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder④， papermaking, printing and the compass⑤. These things changed the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine⑥， the telephone and the radio. And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology【3】．
【3】本句中的find oneself in...表示“发现自己置身于……(状况、境况)之中”，介词短语in...作宾语补足语。
Interviewer: So are most of the new great inventions techbased⑦？
Richard: A lot, yes. For example, advances⑧ in virtual⑨ reality and wearable tech⑩， as well as the flexible battery ， mean we should soon be seeing further developments 【4】. In addition ， important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
【4】本句主语为advances，谓语动词是mean。in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery作定语，修饰advances。
Interviewer: Can you give us some examples
Richard: Sure. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house【5】. It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs” 【6】. What's more ， huge advances in solar technology mean it can be ecofriendly, too.
[课文译文]
新发明时代
采访人：晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。今晚的嘉宾是理查德·费尔赫斯特博士，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。欢迎，理查德！
理查德：谢谢。很高兴来到这里。
采访人：我想有人已经问过你关于你的书名的问题了。它表明今天是新发明时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。
理查德：嗯，这是个有趣的观点。历史上有发明的黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。这些东西永远地改变了世界。然后是西方的伟大发明：蒸汽机、电话和收音机。现在，我们发现自己处于一个伟大的新技术时代。
采访人：那么，大多数新的伟大发明都是科技产品吗？
理查德：是的，很多都是。例如，虚拟现实技术、可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的进步，意味着我们应该很快就能看到进一步的发展。此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
采访人：您能给我们举几个例子吗？
理查德：当然。像3D打印机这样的新发明已经应用于制造移植心脏和部分骨骼。在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能可移动房屋。它能够使用GPS技术到不同的地方旅行，通过计算技术控制它的“腿”。此外，太阳能技术的巨大进步意味着它也可以是环保的。
in terms of依据；按照；就……而言；以……措辞
capable/'keIp b( )l/adj.有能力的
be capable of有……能力
compute /k m'pju t/ v．计算
what's more况且；而且
stuff/st f/n.东西，物品
work as担任；以……身份而工作
inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人去做某事
start with以……开始
solution n．解决
lead to导致；促成
desire /dI'zaI /
n．渴望，欲望
one's desire to do sth. 某人做某事的渴望
at the moment此刻；此时
never say never别轻易说决不
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【5】句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to create an intelligent walking house。
【6】此处为with的复合结构，结构为“with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语”。
Interviewer: Impressive stuff ！ I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself. Is that correct
Richard: Yes, I am, but I'm only one member of a big team—most inventors now work as part of big international teams.
Interviewer: I see. So what is it that inspires us to invent things 【7】？
【7】本句为强调句型在特殊疑问句中的运用，其基本构成为：特殊疑问词＋is it that＋其他成分。强调句型最大的特点就是把其基本结构(It's...that/who...)去掉之后，剩余部分仍然结构、句意完整。
Richard: Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution . This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car 【8】. Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles. But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention 【9】．
【8】本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中的developed into意为“发展成为……”。
【9】本句为what引导的主语从句，句子的主语是what remains important；后面是that引导的表语从句。
Interviewer: One last question. This is the one everyone really wants to know: will anybody ever invent a time machine
Richard: I think you've been watching too many movies! Nothing like this has been invented yet and I'd say we're a long way from an invention like that at the moment ！ But, as they say, “Never say never ！”,采访人：真是令人印象深刻的发明！我还听说你自己就是个发明家。是吗？
理查德：是的，我是。但我只是一个大团队中的一员，现在大多数发明家都在大型国际团队中工作。
采访人：我知道了。那么是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？
理查德：大多数发明都是从认识到需要解决的问题开始的。毫无疑问，这就是古代发明轮子的原因，后来轮子演变成了汽车。现在，能源供应的减少和环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的更大进步。但仍然重要的是，我们有去思考和创造的极大的渴望，这才是真正的发明精神。
采访人：最后一个问题。这是一个每个人都想知道的问题：有人会发明时光机器吗？
理查德：我想你电影看太多了！目前还没有像这样的发明，我想说的是，目前，我们离这样的发明还有很长的路要走！但是，正如人们所说，“凡事没有绝对！”
1)press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫　n．按；印刷；新闻界)
(教材原句)Presently I am going to press the lever, and off the machine will go.
现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就开动了。
(读后续写之动作描写)Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
出于好奇，小女孩把鼻子贴在橱窗上。
[考点归纳]
(1)press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
press sth. against 使某物贴着
(2)pressure n. 压力
relieve the pressure 缓解压力
under the pressure of 在……的压力下
peer pressure 同伴压力；同龄压力
apply pressure to 施加压力
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The nurse applied ________ (press) to his arm to stop the bleeding.
②The military was pressed ________ (make) a final decision as soon as possible.
③________ the pressure of internal and external environment, employees are faced with many psychological problems.
④青少年发现很难抵抗同龄人的压力，这使得他们需要成年人的帮助。
Teenagers find it difficult to resist ________________， which makes them in need of assistance from adults.
2)shoot (shot；shot) v. 射出(光线等)，放射，射门，拍摄)
(教材原句)A faint blue light shot across it, darkening to purple, and presently she could see the image of her son, who lived on the other side of the earth, and he could see her.
一道微弱的蓝光射过它，暗到紫色，不一会儿她就能看见她儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也能看见她。
He shot from the middle of the field and still managed to score.他在中场投篮，仍成功得分。
[考点归纳]
(1)shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb. (dead) 击毙某人
shoot a movie 拍电影
shoot a basket 投篮得分
shoot up 猛增
shoot at... 朝……射击
(2)shooting n. 枪击，枪杀
(3)shoot n. 嫩芽，新枝；拍摄
(4)shot n. 开枪，射门，投篮
take a shot of 给……拍照
take a shot at 朝……开枪
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He ordered her to shoot ________ the apple with one of her arrows.
②The cruel man took a ________ (shoot) at the bird, but missed.
③The murderer shot the expert in ________ back and stole the document from his suitcase.
④I took ________ shot of the beautiful scenery in the desert.
⑤The movie ________ (shoot) in black and white.
⑥The police had orders ________ (shoot) anyone who attacked them.
⑦他向一只鸟射击，但没有射中。
He is ________ a bird, but he doesn't ________．
3)desire n. 渴望，欲望，愿望　vt. 渴望，期望；想要)
(教材原句)But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention.但仍然重要的是，我们有去思考和创造的极大的渴望，这才是真正的发明精神。
(应用文之建议信)Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well, I'd like to offer you some suggestions.
知道你有学好汉语的强烈愿望，我想给你一些建议。
He desires that I should go abroad for further education.
＝He desires me to go abroad for further education.
他希望我能出国深造。
[考点归纳]
(2)desire to do sth. 　　　　　　　　渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that... (should) do sth. 渴望……做某事
[名师点津]　desire既可以用作名词，也可以作动词。作名词时，后面的名词性从句以及作动词时的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire ________ (learn) online.
②The public desired that the result ________ (make) in public.
③I desire ________ (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.
④Artificial intelligence may satisfy human's real ________ (desire) one day.
⑤每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
Everyone ________________ success while success only belongs to people who are hardworking.(v. desire)
＝Everyone ________________ success while success only belongs to people who are hardworking.(n. desire)
4)in addition 此外，另外，除此之外)
(教材原句)In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
(应用文之申请信)In addition, I have taken part in several drama plays and performed well.
此外，我还参加了几部戏剧，表演得很好。
In addition to taking regular exercise every day, the retired professor took up many hobbies such as gardening and photography.除了每天有规律地进行锻炼之外，这位退休的教授还有许多业余爱好，诸如园艺、摄影等。
[辨析]　in addition(＝as well/besides)相当于副词，单独作状语，可用于句首、句中或句尾。
in addition to(＝as well as/besides/apart from)是短语介词，意为“除……之外(还)”，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The company provides cheap Internet access. ________ addition, it makes shareware (共享软件) freely available.
②In addition to ________ (provide) aid after a disaster, this project is training people to prepare before a disaster strikes.
③In ________，if you need _____ service, you have to pay some _______ charges.(addition)
④此外，夏令营为会员提供了参观一些博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好方法。
(应用文之告知信)________________， the summer camp provides a chance for members to visit some museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
5)in terms of 就……来说；从……角度)
(教材原句)In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋。
The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents' sex, age and nationality.这项调查的结果是从受采访者的性别、国籍、年龄这三个方面来分析的。
The sooner you come to terms with that, the better off you will be.你越早接受这一点，你就会过得越好。
[考点归纳]
come to terms with 与……达成协议；对……妥协；
接受；适应
be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好
in the long/short term 就长远/短期而言
[熟词生义]　term n．术语
I think it's unkind to describe the ship in those terms．
我认为用那些术语来描述这条船是不友好的。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①从长期来看，他们所做的事情对环境是有利的。
What they have done is good for the environment ________________________________．
②这么多年来我们和邻居的关系一直很好。
We have been __________________________________________ with our neighbors for all these years.
③克鲁索的身材还不够好，但他出色的技术弥补了这个不足。
Crusoe isn't good enough ________________________________________ figure, but his outstanding skill makes up for it.
6)(教材原句)So what is it that inspires us to invent things？
那么是什么激励我们发明东西呢？
[句式解构]　(1)本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句。强调句型的基本结构：It is＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他。该句中被强调的部分是特殊疑问词what。当被强调的部分指物时，其后只能用that；当被强调的部分指人时，其后用that/who均可。
(2)句中的inspires us to invent things是inspire sb. to do sth.结构，意为“激励某人做某事”。
(应用文之活动介绍)It was last Sunday that witnessed a 5km crosscountry running race held by our school.
上周日，我们学校举办了一场5千米越野跑比赛。
(读后续写之情感描写)It was not only the breakfast, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much.
打动她的不仅是早餐，还有孩子们对她的爱。
[名师点津]　
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
②Bach died in 1750, but ________ was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognised.
③It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that ________ (make) life happy.
④Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag
⑤Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry
⑥直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
It was not until __________________ that ________ how much time I had wasted.
7)(教材原句)But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create..., 但仍然重要的是，我们有去思考和创造的极大的渴望……
[句式解构]　
what引导的主语从句＋is that...
在“what引导的主语从句＋is that...”句式中，that引导表语从句，that不能省略。该结构常见的表达有：
What impresses me most is that...让我印象最深刻的是……
What surprises me most is that...让我最惊讶的是……
What really matters is that...真正重要的是……
What annoys me most is that...让我最恼怒的是……
What impresses me most is that Helen Keller graduated from Harvard University.
让我印象最深刻的是海伦·凯勒毕业于哈佛大学。
What really matters is that the giver should do more than simply hand over the money.
真正重要的是，捐赠人应该做的不应仅仅是出钱。
What annoys me most is that every time I turn around，he seems to be checking up on me.
最使我恼怒的是，每次我回头看时，他都好像在监视着我。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①______________________________________ (最激动人心的) is that we can set off fireworks when New Year is coming.
②____________________________________________ (夏令营最吸引我的) is that I can take part in colorful activities.
③__________________________________________ (最使我恼怒的) while travelling is that people just drop litter everywhere.
④___________________________________________ (最使我吃惊的) is that you two are brothers.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This is just a toy gun—it doesn't ________ (发射) real bullets.
2．________ (火药) was used in China as far back as the 11th century.
3．A ________ (指南针) is an instrument for finding direction, with a needle that always points to the north.
4．5G is also expected to connect selfdriving cars and support new technologies involving ________ (虚拟的) reality.
5．I left my car lights on all night and now the ________ (电池) is flat.
6．Smokejumpers must also be ________ (有能力的) of surviving in the wilderness.
7．Could you move all that ________ (东西) off the table
8．Reading satisfies my ________ (渴望) to keep learning.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great ________ (press) on me.
2．He shot ________ the bird with his gun but missed it.
3．The world is ____________ (flexible) than you think and it's waiting for you to hammer it into shape.
4．The hall is capable ________ holding about three hundred people.
5．The funds for the project ____________ (compute) soon.
6．The four great ________ (invent) in Ancient China are gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass.
7．This kind of book is for children ________ native language is Chinese.
8．________ I told him was that I would find him a good play.
9．When the Snow White came to herself, she found ________ (she) surrounded by seven dwarves.
10．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
Ⅲ.短语填空
become a reality, instead of, as well as, in addition, thanks to, in terms of, be capable of, work as, develop into, lead to
1．The scenery in my hometown is very beautiful. ________________， you can taste the delicious local food.
2．I believe I ________________ handling the problem.
3．He moved to England in 1980 and he ________________ a journalist there.
4．Through years of efforts, our company ________________ one of the largest companies in textile industry.
5．Going to the moon, which was once considered fantastic in the past, _________ already.
6．To our surprise, the girl's luggage was filled with books ________________ beautiful clothes.
7．It was his carelessness that ________________ his failure.
8．________________ salary, the job is good, but it is really stressful.
9．Helen ________________ I is eager to see the performance tonight.
10．________________ your help, we finished the work ahead of time.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（七）
Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①shoot　②virtual　③battery　④stuff　⑤press
⑥capable　⑦desire　⑧flexible
2．①B　②C　③A
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．in addition　2.in terms of　3.thanks to　4.be capable of　5.start with　6.别轻易说决不　7.导致　8.也，又，同　9.想起　10.此外，而且　11.无疑，很可能　12.现在，目前
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．as well as the flexible battery; mean
2．it is now possible to create
3．what is it that
4．what remains important; that we have an incredible desire to think and create
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①title　②past　③gunpowder　④the compass　⑤the telephone　⑥techbased　⑦walking house　⑧inventors　⑨solution　⑩create
2．invention; techbased; the desire to solve problems
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．D　2.A　3.C　4.B　5.B√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。
2．发现某个需要解决的问题，这是大多数发明的起点。
3．不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
(1)New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
(2)In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
(3)It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”．
(4)What's more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be ecofriendly, too.
要点精研·考点突破
1．①pressure　②to make　③Under　④peer pressure
2．①at　②shot　③the　④a　⑤was shot　⑥to shoot
⑦shooting at; shoot it
3．①to learn　②(should) be made　③to contact　④desires　⑤desires to achieve; has a desire for
4．①In　②providing　③addition; additional; additional
④In addition
5．①in the long term　②on good terms　③in terms of
6．①that　②it　③makes　④where；that　⑤that　⑥I began to work; I realized
7．①What excites us most　②What attracts me most of the summer camps　③What annoys me most　④What surprises me most
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shoot　2.Gunpowder　3.compass　4.virtual　5.battery
6．capable　7.stuff　8.desire
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．pressure　2.at　3.more flexible　4.of　5.will be computed
6．inventions　7.whose　8.What　9.herself　10.that
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．In addition　2.am capable of　3.worked as　4.has developed into　5.has become a reality　6.instead of　7.led to　8.In terms of　9.as well as　10.Thanks toPart Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 起草，草拟
②________ n. (科学)实验
③________ n. 金属
④________ n. 记述，描述
⑤________ v. 传导(热、电)
⑥________ n．科学→________ adj.科学(上)的→________ n．科学家
⑦________ adj.全部的，整个的→________ adv.完全地，彻底地
⑧declare v．宣布→________ n．声明，宣告
⑨________ v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.附属的；依恋的→attachment n．附件，依恋
⑩________ n．证明，证据→prove v．证明
________ n．虚构的事，想象的事→fictional adj.虚构的
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①lightning A．n.重力，引力
(　　)②flash B．n.闪电
(　　)③gravity C．n.闪光
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 依附于；依恋
2．________________ 把……系到……
3．________________ 和……一起
4．________________ 死于……
5．________________ 提出
6．apart from ________________
7．electric shock ________________
8．approach to (doing) sth. ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that引导的表语从句
这位美国开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的故事可谓家喻户晓。
The wellknown story is ________________________________________．
2．with的复合结构
他在风筝上绑上了一根绳子，然后将其放高。
He raised the kite ________________________________．
3．“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语
数代学生都叹服于他(富兰克林)的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。
________________________________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
4．虚拟语气
但是科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙，他肯定就死于电击了。
But scientists all agree that ________________________________________________．
5．名词＋along with＋名词作主语
富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起，激励并教导我们科学实验对于确定真相并为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。
________________ us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
6．neither...nor...
然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。
However, ________ the story ________ the details of the experiment are entirely true.
7．while引导让步状语从句；that引导同位语从句
事实上，不止一次记载表明，尽管牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸中了他的头部。
In fact, more than one account suggests that _______________________， there is no proof ____________________．
8．部分否定；even if引导的让步状语从句
我们不要总是相信我们读到的或听到的，即使它是一个精彩的故事。
We should ________________ believe everything we read or hear—____________________．
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
Franklin's famous experiment
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be ①________．
How did the experiment happen？
People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by ②________ or something else. Franklin raised a ③________ with a piece of string tied to it during a storm and a ④________ key was attached to the string. The experiment proved that ⑤________ was a form of electricity.
The effect of the experiment
The story ⑥________ been taught in schools for many years and it has influenced many people.
Are the stories of Franklin and Newton true
The stories are not ⑦________ true but people have been more ⑧________ by scientists' ⑨________ than by the ⑩________．
2．The main idea of the passage is whether the story of ________________ is true or not.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Franklin's opinion about science.
B．The purpose and process of Franklin's experiment.
C. People's different opinions on lightning.
D．The role of the metal key.
2．For many years, we learn from the story of Franklin's experiment EXCEPT that ________．
A．the method of Franklin's experiment is safe
B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment
C. scientific experiments are important to the truth
D．the method of Franklin's experiment is scientific
3．What are people inspired by in Franklin's story
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touch on the metal key.
4．What's the author's attitude towards the story of Franklin's experiment
A．Doubtful. B．Curious.
C．Supportive. D．Not mentioned.
5．What is TRUE about Newton's story
A．The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton's head.
B．Scientists like to question everything around them.
C．Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
4.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to describe the mood.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①experiment /Ik'sperIm nt/
n．(科学)实验
②lightning /'laItnI /n.闪电
③fiction /'fIk ( )n/n.虚构的事，想象的事
④instead of而不是；代替
⑤the American Founding Father and scientist
美国开国元勋兼科学家(指一个人)
the teacher and writer老师兼作家
⑥fly a kite放风筝
⑦raise the kite升起风筝
⑧a piece of string一条绳子
⑨tie...to...把……系在……
⑩metal /'metl/n.金属
attach/ 't t /v.系，绑；贴
be attached to附属于……
flash /fl /n.闪光
conduct /k n'd kt/v.传导(热、电)
an electric shock电击
a form of ……的一种形式
be amazed by对……感到惊讶
bravery n．勇敢，英勇
approach n. & v．方法；途径，靠近，临近
an approach to doing sth.
做某事的方法
along with
和……；与……一起
inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励
inspire sb.to do sth.
鼓舞某人做某事
scientific / saI n'tIfIk/
adj.科学(上)的
science n．科学
scientist n．科学家
establish v．建立
contribute v．投稿；捐献
contribute to
有利于；促成
discovery n．发现
make a discovery做出发现
neither... nor... 既不……也不……
entirely /In'taI li/
adv.完全地，彻底地
although conj.虽然，尽管(不与but连用)
question v．质疑
actually adv.实际上；事实上
die from死于……(外因)
lead sb. to do sth.
促使某人做某事
come up with想出
gravity /'gr vIti/ n．重力，引力
the theory of gravity万有引力定律
account / 'ka nt/ n．记述，描述
proof /pru f/ n．证明，证据
admittedly adv.诚然，公认地
scientific exploration科学探索
[教材原文]
FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT：How Much Is True
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment① with lightning② has introduced generations of children to science【1】. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
【1】此句中的has introduced为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或动作一直持续到现在。
The wellknown story is that the American Founding Father and scientist⑤ flew a kite⑥ during a storm in 1752【2】. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite⑦ with a__piece of__string⑧ tied to⑨ it【3】. A metal⑩ key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock . This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
【2】本句为that引导的表语从句，其中The wellknown story是主语，is是系动词。
【3】此处为with的复合结构，其基本结构为：with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词等。
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth【4】. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions【5】．
【4】more than one不止一个，其引导的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【5】当along with(as well as, but, except, together with等)连接几个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true【6】. Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place【7】， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock【8】．
【6】neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数采用“就近原则”。
【7】本句为Although引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。
【8】本句为虚拟语气，if引导的虚拟条件句是对过去的假设，从句部分采用过去完成时，而主句部分采用“would/should/could/might＋have done”形式。
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity . In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof hat it hit him on the head【9】．
【9】本句为that引导的宾语从句，由于此处suggest表示“表明”之意，故从句部分不用should do结构。
Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
[课文译文]
富兰克林的实验：
有多少是真实的？
本杰明·富兰克林著名的闪电实验让几代孩子接触到了科学。然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，而不是事实。
这个众所周知的故事是美国的开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝。那时，不少人对电很感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的是由电产生的，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他用一根绳子系住风筝，把风筝放上天。在绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传到钥匙上。富兰克林随即用手指触摸钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真相的科学方法感到惊讶。富兰克林和许多其他科学家一起，激励并教导我们，科学实验对于查明真相与推动科学发现和发明而言都至关重要。
然而，这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。虽然已经证明富兰克林的实验确实发生过，但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。关于绳子和钥匙的细节是真实的。但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的摸到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常质疑已被接受的观点，因为他们想要确立事实。有些人甚至质疑关于苹果落在牛顿头上并导致他提出万有引力定律的故事。事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿肯定是受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果击中了他的头部。
诚然，故事往往比事实更有趣。富兰克林的科学探索精神比事实本身更能鼓舞人们。但在科学领域，事实应该通过实验和研究来证明，我们不应该总是相信我们读到或听到的一切——即使它是一个很棒的故事。
1)declaration n．声明，宣告)
(教材原句)Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence.本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是美国的开国元勋之一，他帮助起草了《独立宣言》。
The company made a declaration of intention to follow an equal opportunities policy.
公司作出计划遵守机会均等政策的声明。
It is declared that there will be no class this afternoon.
(学校)宣布今天下午不上课。
[考点归纳]
(1)declaration n. 声明；宣告，宣言，宣布
issue/sign a declaration 发布/签署公告
(2)declare v. 宣布；声明
declare against 声明反对
declare for 宣布支持
declare war on 对……宣战
declare that... 宣布/表明……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/熟词生义
①If we declare war ________ climate change, then yes, we can do it.
②All four countries have adopted the ________ (declare) against hunting rare animals.
③典礼一宣布开始，我们学校所有的学生就欢呼起来。
(应用文之活动介绍)Immediately the ceremony ________________， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
④All income must be declared.(declare vt.________)
2)attach v．系，绑；贴)
(教材原句)A metal key was attached to the string.
在绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。
(应用文之环境保护)More and more people attach great significance to protecting the environment.
越来越多的人重视保护环境。
[考点归纳]
(1)attach sth. to sth. 把……附在……之上
attach oneself to 参加；依附
attach importance to 重视
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋
be attached to sb./sth. 依恋/附属于/爱慕某人/某物
(3)attachment n. 附件；喜爱；连接
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①More and more people are beginning to attach importance to ________ (live) a low carbon (低碳) life.
②With a label ________(attach) to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognise their own luggage.
③Don't forget to check that your ________ (attach) is actually ________ (attach) to the email.
④The company ________________________ (非常重视) technical innovation.
⑤There is a middle school ____________________ (附属于) the institute.
3)account n.记述，描述，论述，解释，说明，账户)
(教材原句)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿肯定受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果击中了他的头部。
I believe this is a very good account of what happened.
我相信这对发生的情况作了很好的描述。
On no account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.我无论遇到什么困难都绝不放弃。
The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.
新技术的应用和电影明星的广泛吸引力也可能是增长的原因。
[考点归纳]
give (sb.) an account of (向某人)描述……
open/close an account 开立/结清账户
take...into account/take account of 考虑到，顾及
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子
用部分倒装语序)
account for 是……的原因；解释；占
(一定数量或比例)
[即学即练]　写出下列句中account的词性及含义/句型转换/单句语法填空
①The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.________
②Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.________
③We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.________
④Visitors are on no account allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
→On no account ________________ to feed animals in the wildlife park.
⑤(应用文之劝慰信)Too much pressure may account ________ your recent low efficiency in study.
⑥(应用文之建议信)When choosing your major, you need to take your interests and career plans ________ account.
4)conduct v．传导(热、电)；实施；带领；指挥；表现　conductor n．指挥；售票员；列车长；导体)
Copper conducts electricity well.铜的导电性能好。
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
为了测试社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful.安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
[考点归纳]
conduct electricity/heat 导电/热
conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview进行调查/实验/面试
conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/合唱团
conduct oneself 表现；举止
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中conduct的含义
①The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.________
②The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.________
③This concert was conducted by a famous conductor from Vienna.________
④The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money to conduct the research.________
5)(教材原句)However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.,然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。)
[句式解构]　
(1)本句是简单句，句中neither...nor...结构连接并列主语，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。
(2)neither...nor...结构也可连接其他句子成分，表示对两者的全部否定，意为“既不……也不……”。
(应用文之建议信)Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能实现目标。
Neither my classmates nor I was punished by our teacher.
我和我的同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The disagreement was so sharp that neither he ________ I knew how to settle it.
②Either the couple who have done lots of scientific researches or Professor Smith ________ (deserve) the honor.
③不仅他而且他所有的同学都把这个理论牢记在心。
________________________________ the theory in mind.
6)(教材原句)Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起，激励并教导我们科学实验对于确定真相并为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。)
[句式解构]　along with与……一起；随着，随同
本句是一个复合句，has inspired和taught是并列谓语动词；that引导宾语从句。主句谓语动词的单复数和along with...短语前的名词Franklin保持一致，用单数形式，这就是主谓一致的“就远原则”，常用于这种原则的短语有：as well as、with、together with、like、rather than、except、but、including、besides、in addition to等。
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
史密斯教授和他的助手们正夜以继日地做这个项目以如期完成。
(应用文之旅游)I, along with my parents, am taking a flight to set off for Sanya on the first day.
第一天，我和我的父母一起坐飞机出发去三亚。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①My father along with his workmates ________ (have) already gone to Beijing.
②In the 18th century art, along with music and poetry, ________ (see) as something inspiring.
③By now, Jim with his classmates ________ (see) the film in the People's Cinema.
④The parent rather than his children ________ (be) to blame.
⑤In recent years store shopping exists ________________ (和……并存) home shopping.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I suffered from ________ (精神的) illness and depression when I was younger, and it totally affected my teenage years.
2．The task requires ________ (非凡的) patience and endurance.
3．Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a ________ (才华横溢的) poet.
4．Many words in the English language are French in ________ (起源).
5．As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so ________ (重要的).
6．The report presents a faithful ________ (记述) of the event.
7．Don't forget to ________ (贴) a recent photograph to your application form.
8．How did the monkeys get their reward in the ________ (实验)
9．You should follow the normal ________ (程序) or you will go wrong.
10．For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero ________ (重力), and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The American ________ (declare) of war in 1917 turned the scales against Germany.
2．For many students Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also ________ (entire) necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
3．________ (science) theories must be based on facts.
4．They questioned the ________ (accurate) of the information in the file.
5．It is of great ________ (significant) to promote the Belt and Road cooperation with related countries.
6．I have grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
7．In modern man, the brain accounts ________ about 2%～3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
8．The room still has many of its ________ (origin) features.
9．A war ________ (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning.
10．Now doctors believe they have cured him ________ the disease.
Ⅲ.短语填空
beyond recognition，for instance，to date，name after，due to，along with，take place，come up with
1．The baby's mother escaped from the fire ____________ two other children.
2．The scientists are beating their brains trying to ____________ a solution to the problem.
3．Great men have often risen from poverty, ____________， Lincoln and Edison.
4．The meeting will ____________ as planned.
5．____________， I have not received news from him.
6．When he came back to his hometown, he found it had changed ________________．
7．The businessman's success was largely ________________ his excellent judgment.
8．The bridge ________________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（九）
Part Ⅲ　Developing ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①draft　②experiment　③metal　④account　⑤conduct　⑥science; scientific; scientist　⑦entire; entirely
⑧declaration　⑨attach　⑩proof　 fiction
2．①B　②C　③A
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．be attached to　2.tie...to...　3.along with　4.die from　5.come up with　6.除了……　7.触电，电击　8.(做)某事的方法
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752
2．with a piece of string tied to it
3．More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed
4．if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock
5．Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired
6．neither; nor
7．while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple; that it hit him on the head
8．not always; even if it is a great story
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①fiction　②electricity　③kite　④metal　⑤lightning
⑥has　⑦entirely　⑧inspired　⑨spirit　⑩facts
2．Franklin's experiment
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．B　2.A　3.A　4.A　5.D√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于查明真相与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
2．虽然，已经证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
3．但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
4．不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
要点精研·考点突破
1．①on　②declaration　③was declared open　④申报
2．①living　②attached　③attachment; attached　④attaches great importance to　⑤attached to
3．①n.报道　②n.账户　③vt.认为　④are visitors allowed　⑤for　⑥into
4．①表现　②带领　③指挥　④实施
5．①nor　②deserves　③Not only he but also all his classmates have kept
6．①has　②was seen　③has seen　④is　⑤along with
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．mental　2.extraordinary　3.brilliant　4.origin
5．significant　6.account　7.attach　8.experiment
9．procedure　10.gravity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．declaration　2.entirely　3.Scientific　4.accuracy
5．significance　6.mentally　7.for　8.original　9.injury　10.of
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．along with　2.come up with　3.for instance　4.take place
5．To date　6.beyond recognition　7.due to　8.was named after

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