资源简介

Part Ⅱ　Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________v. 预测，预报
2．________n. 紧急情况，不测事件
3．________v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
4．________n. 危机
5．________n. 人造卫星
6．________ vi.依赖；依靠→________ adj.可靠的，可信赖的→________ adj.不可靠的→________ n．可靠性
7．________ v. & n．营救，解救→________ n．求助者
8．________ adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的→________ adv.例外地，异常地，特殊地；极其，非常
9．________ n．威胁；征兆→________ v．恐吓；对……构成威胁，危及，威胁到
10．precise adj.精确的，准确的→________ adv.精确地；准确地
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①leave out 省略；遗漏，忽视
②than usual 比平时
③in history 在历史上
④consist of 由……组成
⑤pay attention to 注意
⑥result in 导致，造成
⑦lead to 导致，造成
⑧over time 随着时间的推移
⑨listen out for 注意听
⑩suffer from 遭受
1)reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的)
(教材原句)So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
因此，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查看官方的科学报告。
It is not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.
仅仅以貌取人是不可靠的。
It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others.
与其求人，不如求己。
You can rely on it that he can lend you a hand whenever it's necessary.
你可以相信在任何必要的时候，他都会向你伸出援助之手。
[考点归纳]
(1)unreliable adj. 不可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely on/upon 依靠；依赖
rely on sb. to do sth.＝rely on sb.'s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that...＝depend on it that... 相信……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①That young man is honest, cooperative, and always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely).
②Though he has shortcomings, he is a person ________ (rely) on.
③If my car had been more ________ (rely), I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
④You may rely on ________ that he will make up for the loss.
⑤Many working women rely on parents ________ (help) look after their children.
2)rescue n．营救，解救，救助，抢救)
(教材原句)International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.
国际救援队很快开始抵达该国。
When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
就是在当地向导的帮助下，登山者获救了。
[考点归纳]
rescue sb./sth. from... 把……从……营救出来
come to sb.'s rescue(＝rescue sb.) 营救某人
a rescue team 救援队
rescue workers 救援人员
rescuer n. 救助者
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Luckily, the boy ________ (rescue) just minutes before the house fell down.
②I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas ________ (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
③你可以相信当我们陷入困境的时候，我们的政府会来救我们的。
You can rely on it that when we are in trouble, our government will __________________．
④当救援人员把被埋的孩子从废墟中救出时，人群爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
The crowd burst into thunderous applause as rescuers _______________________．
3)claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称，断言；索要，索取　n．声称，断言；索赔)
(教材原句)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。
It is claimed that some doctors work 80 hours a week.
据说一些医生每周工作80个小时。
He claims to have found a temple on the peak.
他声称在山顶发现了一座寺庙。
They have made a claim for the loss caused by the accident.
他们已经为事故造成的损失提出索赔。
[考点归纳]
(1)claim one's life 夺去某人的生命
claim to do sth. 声称要做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim that... 声称……
It's claimed that... 据称……
(2)make a claim for... 为……提出索赔；就……提出要求
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/写出下列句中claim的含义
①They claim ________ (have) a 40% worldwide market share.
②He claims ________ he has met the movie star, but I don't believe him.
→He claims ________ (meet) the movie star, but I don't believe him.
③Since the criminal set fire on your goods, you could make a claim ________ damages.
④They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.________
⑤Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident？________
⑥Some of the early claims that were made were false.________
⑦The car crash claimed three lives.________
4)threaten v．威胁到，危及，威胁，恐吓)
(教材原句)It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，威胁到950多万人的生计。
The attacker threatened them with a gun.
袭击者用枪威胁他们。
She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign.
对于将辞职的要挟付诸行动，她已做好了思想准备。
(应用文之环境保护)Global warming is such a great threat that all the reasons behind this deserve to be explored.
全球变暖是如此巨大的威胁，所有背后的原因都值得探讨。
[考点归纳]
(1)threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事
(2)threat n. 威胁
a threat to sb./sth. 对某人/某物的威胁
under threat 受到威胁
(3)threatening adj. 有威胁性的；危险的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①His voice sounds ________ (threaten).
②Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only leads to serious problems such as global warming but also could ________ (threat) to end human life on our planet.
③If their habitat ________ (threaten) or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease.
④只有当我们学会和自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生动植物的威胁。
(应用文之环境保护) Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature will we not be ________________ to wildlife.
⑤实际上，自然界的许多地方都受到威胁。
(应用文之环境保护)Indeed, many parts of the natural world are ________________．
省略(Ellipsis)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。
1．It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
2．My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low.
3．It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!
4．Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last.
[归纳填空]　为了避免重复、保持语言的简洁，英语中也会出现________现象。如：
①句1中deepest后省略了________；
②句2中so后省略了________；
③句3中but后省略了________；
④句4中last后省略了________。
精要点拨
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
二、省略的用法
1．简单句中的省略
感叹句中常省略主语和谓语；在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
What a hot day (it is)！多热的天啊！
How wonderful (it is)！多妙啊！
—(Will you) Have a smoke？——你抽烟吗？
—No. Thanks.——不，谢谢了。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
Why (do you) talk so much about it
为什么大谈这件事呢？
2．并列句中的省略
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。
(2)主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者均可以省略。
(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
(4)在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
3．复合句中的省略
(1)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。
I am very fond of the new dress (that/which) you bought for me.
我非常喜欢你给我买的这条新裙子。
The way (that) he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的方法很简单。
(2)状语从句
在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴。
Don't come in until (you are) asked to.
不叫你时，请你不要进来。
(3)宾语从句
在宾语从句中可省略连接词that。
I'm sure (that) you'll succeed sooner or later.
我相信你早晚会成功的。
[名师点津]　宾语从句中的that通常可以省略，但下列情况不能省略：
①it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important job.
他们想让公众清楚他们做的是一件重要的工作。
②两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的不能省略。
The report shows (that) we have made some progress, but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告表明，我们已经取得了一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。
③省略一个从句或从句中的一部分，用so或not代替
—Is he coming back tonight？他今晚回来吗？
—I think so.(＝I think he is coming back tonight.)我想是的。
—Is he feeling better today
他今天感觉好点了吗？
—I'm afraid not.(＝I'm afraid he is not feeling better today.)恐怕没有。
4．动词不定式的省略
(1)有些动词(词组)：如want、wish、expect、 hope、would like、try、forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
Don't tell me the name of your friend if you don't want to.
如果你不愿意，就不要告诉我你朋友的名字。
(2)感官动词(词组)：如see、hear、 listen to、notice、watch等和使役动词如 make、let、have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
I saw him enter the room just now.
→He was seen to enter the room just now.
我看见他刚刚进了房间。
(3)介词but/except/besides前面若有动词do时，后面不定式的to通常省略。
He did nothing but wait.
除了等，他什么都没做。
5．虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were、had、 should提前构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday, you could have met her.
如果你昨天来这里的话，你就会见到她了。
(2)在一坚持(insist)、二命令(order、command)、三建议(suggest、propose、advise)、四要求(demand、require、request、ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...从句中常省略should。
It is suggested that we (should) study hard during our schooldays.
人们建议我们在学生时代要好好学习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You have to demonstrate that you are ________ (rely). Otherwise, they dare not accept you.
2．On ________ (arrive) there, they set about doing the experiment.
3．Yesterday's weather forecast was ________ (exceptional) accurate.
4．They claim ________ (discover) a cure for the disease.
5．She grabbed a knife and threatened ________ (kill) the thief if he didn't hand over the stolen necklace.
6．He pronounced the word in English very slowly and ________ (precise).
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn that she got from the iron was red and ____________．
2．Just take a short break if you are tired.
→Just take a short break ________．
3．I would do it for you, but I don't know how to do it for you.
→I would do it for you, but I don't know ________.
4．They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents.
→They didn't visit their parents as much as they ________．
5．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but ____________．
6．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but his brother ________．
7．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as if ________________．
8．Wood gives off much smoke while it is burning.
→Wood gives off much smoke ____________．
9．Whenever it is possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
→________________， they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
10. He runs as fast as Bob runs.
→He runs as fast as ________．
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．过马路时要小心汽车。
Look out for cars ________________________．
2．正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。
They attended the meeting on time ____________________________________．
3．他比预期晚回来三天。
He came back three days later ______________________________．
4．——明天天气会放晴吗？
——我希望是这样。
—Will it clear up tomorrow
—I ____________________________．
5．当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢”或“你太好了”。
________________， one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十七）
Part Ⅱ　Using language
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．forecast　2.emergency　3.claim　4.crisis　5.satellite
6．rely; reliable; unreliable; reliability　7.rescue; rescuer
8．exceptional; exceptionally　9.threat; threaten　10.precisely
要点精研·考点突破
1．①reliable　②to rely　③reliable　④it　⑤to help
2．①was rescued　②rescued　③come to our rescue
④rescued the buried child from the ruins
3．①to have　②that; to have met　③for　④声称　⑤索要　⑥断言　⑦夺去(生命)
4．①threatening　②threaten　③is threatened　④a threat　⑤under threat
语法精讲·核心突破
[归纳填空]　省略
①lines　②it is　③it is　④summer
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．reliable　2.arriving　3.exceptionally　4.to have discovered
5．to kill　6.precisely
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．very painful　2.if tired　3.how to　4.ought to　5.most haven't　6.will not　7.waiting for someone　8.while burning
9．Whenever possible　10.Bob
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．when crossing the street　2.as planned　3.than expected　4.hope so　5.When offered helpPart Ⅳ　Writing safety guidelines
Step Ⅰ　文本研读
理清脉络：整体理解
1．Read the Hurricane Safety Guidelines and finish the sentences.
(1)____________________ can increase our chances of survival when the disaster strikes.
(2)Safety guidelines tell us ________________ in the face of the disaster.
2．Fill in the blanks.
Flood Safety Guidelines
Things to do before a flood ●Listen to weather warnings. ●Prepare enough ①____________________．
Things to do during a flood ●Move to a ②________ place to keep clear of floodwater. ●Keep away from electricity.
Things not to do during a flood ●Do not drink ③________ as it is dangerous.
Step Ⅱ　知识点
1)sufficient adj.足够的，充足的)
Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
虽然宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。
[考点归纳]
(1)be sufficient to do sth. 足以做某事
be sufficient for 对……来说足够
sufficient experience 足够的经验
(2)sufficiently adv. 足够地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The money is not sufficient ________ (cover) everything that needs doing.
②The recipe is sufficient ________ six people.
③Students must reach a ________ (sufficient) high standard to pass.
2)shelter n.[U]庇护，掩蔽；[C]掩蔽处，避身处)
She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.
她不明白为什么有些人不得不在没有住所和足够食物的情况下生活。
I arrived home dry under the shelter of the umbrella.
我打着伞回到家，没有淋一点儿雨。
They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves from wind and rain.
他们在森林里迷路了，而且他们找不到遮风挡雨的地方。
[考点归纳]
(1)take shelter (from) 躲避(……)
give sb. a shelter 庇护某人
seek shelter (from...) 寻求庇护(以躲避……)
provide food and shelter for 为……提供食物和住所
under the shelter of 在……庇护下
(2)shelter v. 为……提供庇护处，躲避
shelter...from... 保护……免受……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids ________ every kind of danger, real or imagined.
②It is dangerous ________ (take) shelter from the storm under a tree.
③We sat in the shade, ________ (shelter) from the sun.
④We had to ____________ (躲避) the shower (阵雨) in the department store.
⑤The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could ______________ (寻求庇护) during the daytime.
Step Ⅲ　Writing safety guidelines
[文体介绍]
自然灾害安全指南的目的是提高读者在自然灾害中的生存概率，语言多明白简洁，以便读者更容易理解；安全指南的篇章结构应清晰明了，写作时多用简单句和祈使句。
[篇章结构]
写自然灾害安全指南主要从以下两个方面展开：
Part 1: What is the disaster
Part 2: How to survive the disaster
①Things to do before the disaster
②Things to do during the disaster
③Things not to do during the disaster
[话题词汇及句式]
1．话题词汇
教材词汇
(1)natural disaster 自然灾害
(2)measure n. 措施
(3)reduce v. 减少
(4)keep calm 保持冷静
(5)sufficient food and water 充足的食物和水
(6)keep in mind 记住
(7)get prepared for... 为……做好准备
(8)keep away from... 远离……
(9)some tips on flood safety 关于洪水安全的建议
(10)prepare a safeguard 准备安全防护装置
(11)listen to the weather warnings 收听天气警报
其他词汇
(1)turn off the power supply 切断电源
(2)join in basic medical training 参加基本的医疗培训
(3)escape from accident 逃离意外事故
(4)in case of fire 万一着火
(5)trapped/buried under the ruins 被困/埋在废墟下
(6)pay attention to safety 关注安全
2．话题句式
(1)开头语
Natural disasters frequently take place on the earth.地球上经常发生自然灾害。
Knowing what to do during an earthquake helps greatly reduce the damage.在地震发生时知道做什么能够很大程度上减少损失。
It's important to learn some important tips to protect yourself from possible injuries.
学习一些重要的技巧来保护你免受可能的伤害是很重要的。
Here, I'd like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake.
在这里，我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议。
(2)正文
It's necessary to provide regular first aid training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid.
给公众提供定期的急救培训来提高他们的急救知识是非常必要的。
The earthquake drill is important for us students, from which we have learned how to escape and protect ourselves when an earthquake happens.
地震演练对于我们学生来说非常重要，通过演练，我们学会了当地震发生时如何逃生，如何保护自己。
When an earthquake occurs, you are supposed to run downstairs instead of taking a lift.
当地震发生时，你应该跑下楼梯而不是乘坐电梯。
Make sure to keep calm and do not shout when facing the disaster.
面对灾难时，一定要保持冷静，不要大喊大叫。
After the earthquake, we should leave the dangerous area immediately in case of strong aftershocks.
地震发生后，我们应立即离开危险区域，以防发生强烈余震。
⑩As long as we can keep the tips in mind, we can increase the chances of surviving the disaster.
只要我们能记住这些窍门，我们就更有可能在灾难中幸存下来。
[实践应用]
假如你是李华，在“国际减轻自然灾害日”到来之际，学校英文版校报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件，请你写一篇地震安全指南并投稿。要点包括：
1．背景及目的；
2．具体建议。
第一步　布局谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
?完成句子
1．我们必须记住一些安全建议，那样我们就可以保护自己免受伤害。
We must keep some safety tips in mind _____________________________________．
2．待在安全的地方，不需匆忙地乱跑。
Stay at a safe place and do not run _____________________________________．
3．如果在房间里，你应该藏在牢固的东西下面，如桌子或者床下面。
________________， you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.
4．(一句多译)如果(你)在户外，找一个空旷的地方，不要靠近汽车或水边。
If (you are) in the open air, ____________________________．
＝__________________________________ if (you are) in the open air.
5．绝对不要乘电梯下楼。
____________________ to go downstairs.
6．地震很强大，如果我们有战胜它们的信念，永不放弃，我们一定能够克服任何困难。
The earthquakes are strong; ___________________________________________．
?句式升级
7．用it作形式主语改写句1。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．用省略句改写句3。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．用让步状语从句改写句6。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第三步　完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part Ⅳ　Writing safety guidelines
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ　文本研读
理清脉络：整体理解
1．(1)Being prepared　(2)what to do
2．①food and clean water　②high　③floodwater
Step Ⅱ　知识点
1．①to cover　②for　③sufficiently
2．①from　②to take　③sheltering　④take shelter from/shelter from　⑤seek shelter
Step Ⅲ　Writing safety guidelines
第二步
1．so that we can protect ourselves from injuries
2．in a hurry
3．If you are in the room
4．find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside; Find an open place and keep away from cars and waterside
5．Never take a lift
6．if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties
7．It is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.
8．If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.
9．No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.
第三步
We all know that earthquakes frequently take place on the earth. Therefore, it is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.
Things to do during an earthquake.
Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.
If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.
If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.
Things not to do during an earthquake.
Keep away from shelves and cupboards.
Never take a lift to go downstairs.
No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.Unit 6单元基础知识汇总
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
disaster/dI'zɑ st /n. 灾难，灾祸
tube/tju b/n. 管子
the Tube (伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
plus/pl s/adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
erupt/I'r pt/v. (火山)爆发，喷发
immediately/I'mi di tli/adv. 即刻，马上
typhoon/ taI'fu n/n. 台风
landslide/'l ndslaId/n. 山崩，滑坡
occur/ 'k /v. 发生
announcement/ 'na nsm nt/n. 通告，公告
forecast/'f kɑ st/v. 预测，预报
grab/ɡr b/v. 攫取，抓住
tsunami/ts 'nɑ mi/n. 海啸
reliable/rI'laI b( )l/adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
rescue/'reskju /n. 营救，解救
emergency/I'm d ( )nsi/n. 紧急情况，不测事件
blizzard/'blIz d/n. 暴风雪
avalanche/' v lɑ nt /n. 雪崩
exceptionally/Ik'sep ( )n li/adv.
极其，非常
claim/kleIm/v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
crisis/'kraIsIs/n. 危机
threaten/'θretn/v. 威胁到，危及
satellite/'s tIlaIt/n. 人造卫星
precisely/prI'saIsli/adv. 精确地，准确地
hurricane/'h rIk n/n. 飓风
billion/'bIlj n/num. 十亿
lap/l p/n. (坐着时的)大腿部
nowhere/'n we /adv. 什么地方都不，无处
otherwise/' waIz/adv. 否则，要不然
helicopter/'helIk pt /n. 直升机
mosquito/m 'ski t /n. 蚊子
midnight/'mIdnaIt/n. 子夜，午夜
the Big Dipper 北斗七星
the Little Dipper 小北斗七星
the Milky Way 银河
county/'ka nti/n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
threat/θret/n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
property/'pr p ti/n. 所有物，资产，财产
sufficient/s 'fI ( )nt/adj. 足够的，充足的
shelter/' elt /n. 庇护，掩蔽
本单元短语
1．react to 对……作出反应
2．in the face of sth. 面对某事物
3．deal with 对付，应付，处理
4．pick up 拿起，捡起
5．as well as 也，还，以及
6．make it to 到达，赶上
7．now that 既然，由于
8．complain about 抱怨
9．after all 毕竟，终究
10．leave out 省略
11．head for 前往
12．consist of 由……组成
13．result in 导致，造成
14．all of a sudden 突然
15．up and down 起伏，上下波动
16．have yet to 还没有
17．make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
18．a threat to 对……的威胁
19．be surrounded by 被……包围
20．look out for 留心，注意
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ n. 灾难，灾祸
2．________ adj. (用于数字后面表示) 多，余
3．________ n. 飓风
4．________ n. 山崩，滑坡
5．________ v. 发生
6．________ v. 预测，预报
7．________ v. 攫取，抓住
8．________ n. 营救，解救
9．________ n. 紧急情况，不测事件
10．________ v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
11．________ n. 危机
12．________ n. 人造卫星
13．________ adv. 什么地方都不，无处
14．________ adv. 否则，要不然
15．________ n. 子夜，午夜
16．________ n. 所有物，资产，财产
17．________ adj. 足够的，充足的
18．________ n. 庇护，掩蔽
19．________ v．(火山)爆发，喷发→________ n．爆发
20．________ adv.即刻，马上→________ adj.立刻的
21．________ n．通告，公告→________ v．宣告
22．________ adj.可信赖的，可靠的→________ v．依靠
23．________ adv.极其，非常→________ adj.杰出的；卓越的
24．________ v．威胁到，危及→________ n．威胁；可能带来威胁的人(事)
25．________ adv.精确地，准确地→________ adj.精确的；准确的
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 拾起；捡起；拿起
2．________________ 和……一样；也
3．________________ 到达……
4．________________ 浏览
5．________________ 对……做出反应
6．________________ 面对；反对；不顾
7．________________ 飞走
8．________________ 突然；猛地
9．________________ 落下；降落
10．________________ 变成
11．________________ 在户外
12．________________ 向上看
13．move on ________________
14．blow away ________________
15．have yet to ________________
16．head for ________________
17．up and down ________________
18．stay away form ________________
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．now that引导原因状语从句。
________________________________________________________________________，
perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
既然避免地球上的灾难很难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
2．not only...but also...不但……而且……
Consisting of 62 people, it ________________________________________， ________ included earthquake experts.
由62人组成，它不但包括救援人员和医疗队员，还包括地震专家。
3．完全倒装。
“The next station is Bank！” ______________________________________．
通知传来“下一站是银行站！”
4．be doing...when...正在做……这时……
I ___________ in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, ________ the roof just flew off.
我正坐在房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。
温馨提示：请完成单元素养提升(六) 单元检测卷(六)
Unit 6　单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．disaster　2.plus　3.hurricane　4.landslide　5.occur
6．forecast　7.grab　8.rescue　9.emergency　10.claim
11．crisis　12.satellite　13.nowhere　14.otherwise
15．midnight　16.property　17.sufficient　18.shelter
19．erupt; eruption　20.immediately; immediate
21．announcement; announce　22.reliable; rely
23．exceptionally; exceptional　24.threaten; threat
25．precisely; precise
Ⅱ.短语
1．pick up　2.as well as　3.make it to　4.look through
5．react to　6.in the face of　7.fly off　8.all of a sudden
9．come down　10.turn into　11.in the open air　12.look up
13．前进　14.吹走　15.还没有　16.朝……出发　17.上上下下，来来往往　18.远离
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth　2.not only included rescuers and medical staff; but also　3.comes the announcement　4.was sitting; whenPart Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
②________ n．灾难，灾祸→disastrous adj.灾难性的
③________ v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．(火山)爆发，喷发
④________ adj.即刻的；当前的；紧迫的→________ adv.即刻，马上
⑤________ v．宣布；宣称→________ n．通告，声明，公告；宣布，公布；启事→announcer n．播音员
⑥________ v．发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；出现
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①tube A．n.台风
(　　)②typhoon B．n.管子
(　　)③landslide C．n.山崩，滑坡
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 拾起；捡起；拿起
2．________________ 除了……以外还……；
和……一样也……
3．________________ 到达……
4．________________ 浏览
5．________________ 对……作出反应
6．________________ 面对；反对；不顾
7．what's more ________________
8．due to ________________
9．sure enough ________________
10．compared to ________________
11．after all ________________
12．step out of ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．v.ing形式作主语
果然，走下台阶到站台上就像是跳进了正在喷发的火山一样。
Sure enough, ________________ is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting.
2．倒装句
通知传来，“下一站是银行站！”
“The next station is Bank！” __________________________________．
3．now that...既然……
既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
____________________________， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
4．v.ing形式作伴随状语
翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。
__________________， I'm shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What is the average high temperature in July in London
A．16 degrees. B．18 degrees.
C．22 degrees. D．30 degrees.
2．Why does the author feel uncomfortable in the Tube
A．He is wearing a suit today.
B．He had special food for breakfast.
C．Making it to Bank station is tiring.
D．There are many people and much hot air.
3．What can we know about the author's plan for the future
A．Move from London to other places.
B．Put his flat and car on the market.
C. Move the office to the first floor.
D．Join a beginner's swimming class.
4．How does the author feel about the photos and news in the newspaper
A．Shocked and nervous.
B．Excited and embarrassed.
C．Relaxed and happy.
D．Relieved and concerned.
5．Why does the author feel good after walking out of the station
A．He has been worrying too much.
B．He is moving to outer space.
C．He feels a bit cooler outside.
D．He is arriving at his destination
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] ____________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] ____________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
1．Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting. (明喻)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! I'm sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one! (对比；夸张；暗喻)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①pick up拾起，捡起；接送；恢复；(偶然)学会
②tube /tju b/n.管子
the Tube(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
③expect v．预料；预计；期望
④plus/pl s/
adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
⑤average adj.平均的
⑥awful adj.糟糕的；可怕的；难受的adv.非常；极其
⑦air conditioning
n．空调系统
⑧typical adj.特有的；典型的
⑨as well as也，还有
⑩sure enough 确实，果然
erupt/ 'r pt/
v．(火山)爆发，喷发
compared to和……相比
a crowd of一群
melt v．融化；熔化；消散
bacon n．培根；咸肉；熏肉
avoid v．避免；避开
reflect v．反映；反射
definitely adv.的确；确定地
scared adj.害怕的
(in) that way
那样的话
workplace n．工作场所
immediately
/I'mi di tli/
adv．即刻，马上
survive v．幸存；死里逃生
[教材原文]
Hot! Hot! Hot!
Picking up① a free newspaper at the Tube② station 【1】， I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”. Today, the temperature in London is expected③ to reach 30 plus④ degrees! The average⑤ high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It's going to be awful⑥ on the Central Line, with no air conditioning⑦. Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning It's just typical⑧ that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as⑨ one of the deepest 【2】 .It's the hottest on the whole Tube system.
【1】现在分词短语作状语。
【2】It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
Sure enough⑩， going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting 【3】. This, however, is nothing compared to the train. Because there's no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers 【4】！ I'm sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one【5】！ I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I'm feeling a bit sick—I hope I can make it to Bank station... I'll avoid the feeling by thinking about work. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below! Will this happen again today
【3】going down...为动名词短语作主语，jumping into...是动名词短语作介词like的宾语，后面that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a volcano。
【4】but连接并列句，第二个分句中有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【5】I'm sure后是宾语从句，宾语从句中第一个and连接并列主语the passenger next to me和I。
Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared . Perhaps now is the time to start 【6】 planning for the
future I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way ， when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London 【7】， I'll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go to My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. I'll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately . Then I'll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded 【8】．
【6】now is the time to do sth.表示“现在是该干……的时候了”。
【7】when引导时间状语从句。
【8】when引导时间状语从句。
[课文译文]
热！热！热！
在地铁上拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题是“热！热！热！”。伦敦今天的温度预计要达到30多度！7月份平均最高温度仅仅为22度，因此，超过30度对于伦敦来说就不正常了。在地铁中心线路上没有空调系统，情况会特别糟糕。为什么地铁要在没有空调系统前发明出来呢？通常情况下，我乘坐的线路在一条最古老的线路上，也是最深的线路之一。这是整个地铁系统上最热的一段。
果不其然，走下台阶到达站台就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山一样。然而，这和列车比起来根本不算什么。因为没有空调系统，车厢里的温度能达到35度！这样的温度在沙滩上很惬意，但如果穿着西服，挤在一大群乘客中，那情况就不是如此了！我相信挨着我的乘客和我正在熔化，我们要融为一体了！我今天早上吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在我感觉有点儿恶心——我希望我能撑到银行站……我还是想想工作上的事来避免这种感觉。我在一栋高大的玻璃大楼里工作。有一年夏天非常热，大楼表面反射的阳光竟然熔化了停在楼下的车。今天还会发生这种事吗？
真的，好像伦敦的夏天一年比一年热。我突然感觉有点害怕了。也许现在就该为未来做打算了？我或许应该把我的公寓卖了，然后买一条小船。这样等泰晤士河的水涨起来，伦敦被洪水淹没时，我还能去上班。但是，等等！那时我还有上班的地方吗？我的办公室只是在这栋大楼的四楼，太低了，我想跟我经理说说，我们搬到顶楼办公。最重要的是，我需要学会游泳！我得马上参加一个游泳入门班。届时，即使这些高楼大厦被淹了我也能幸存下来。
look through看穿；审核；浏览；温习
shocked adj.吃惊的；震惊的
typhoon/ tɑ 'fu n/n.台风
destroy v．破坏；毁坏
what's more另外，还有
landslide/'l ndslaId/
n.山崩，滑坡
occur / 'k /v.发生
due to由于
now that既然
disaster /dI'zɑ st /
n．灾难，灾祸
announcement
/ 'na nsm nt/n.通告，公告
destination n．目的地
after all毕竟；终究
　Looking through my newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town 【9】. What's more ， heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides ， and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires 【10】. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth 【11】， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
【9】本句中“Looking through my newspaper”是现在分词短语作状语，主句中的“showing that a typhoon...”是现在分词作photos的后置定语。
【10】这是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句。
【11】Now that引导原因状语从句。
“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement 【12】. That's my destination . Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart 【13】， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all ， it's only 30 degrees outside!
【12】这是一个全部倒装句，句子的主语是the announcement，谓语动词为comes。
【13】现在分词短语作状语。
我浏览了一下报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的一场台风摧毁了一个城镇的图片。还有，东欧的暴雨引发了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪导致了森林火灾。专家们说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化所致。类似的消息使我感到紧张。既然在地球上很难避免这样的灾难，也许我应该开始考虑移居太空了……
“下一站是银行站！”的报站声传了出来。我要到站了。怀着沉重的心情走出了车站，我突然感到一阵清风扑面而来。唉，也许是我担心得太多了。毕竟外面才只有30度呀！
1)occur v．发生)
(教材原句)Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.专家称，这糟糕的天气源于气候变化。
He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred to me.他失去了知觉，当我看着他的脸时，我突然想到了什么。
(读后续写之心理描写)It occurred to me that I could light a fire to keep warm and ask for help.
我突然想到我可以点火来取暖，同时向别人求助。
[考点归纳]
(1)It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do... 某人突然想起做……
sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 某人突然想到某事；某人发生某事
(2)occurrence n. 发生
[名师点津]　(1)occur的过去式为occurred，过去分词为occurred，现在分词为occurring。
(2)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能为人。
(3)某人突然想到……也可用以下句式
It strikes/hits sb. that...；sth. strike(s) sb.；sth. hit(s) sb.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when an accident ________ (occur).
②When he lost his way in the forest last week, it occurred to him ________ (phone) the police.
③________ occurred to him that he had an important meeting to attend the next morning.
④It never occurred to him ________ his father would buy what he had been longing for.
⑤But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the ____________ (occur) of danger.
⑥她突然想到乔害怕一个人待着。
It ____________ her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
2)immediately adv.即刻，马上，接近，紧接　conj.一……就……)
(教材原句)I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately.
我马上就去上初级游泳班。
The policemen hurried into the police station immediately they heard the gunshot.警察一听到枪响就匆忙赶到了警察局。
[考点归纳]
(1)immediately
①副词：“立刻，马上”。常用来修饰动词或整个句子。
②连词：“一……就……”。引导时间状语从句，相当于instantly、directly、as soon as、the moment、the minute、the second、the instant
(2)immediate adj. 立刻的，马上的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not ________ (immediate) fly away.
②我们应该立刻采取措施保护我们的历史文化遗产。
We should __________________ to preserve our historic and cultural heritage.
③我一看见他就告诉了他这个消息。
I told him the news ____________________________________________．
3)announcement n．通知，宣告，通告，公告)
(教材原句)“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.
“下一站是银行站！”传来了火车广播公告。
(应用文之应聘信)I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.
我阅读了你们在网上发布的夏令营公告，对此我很感兴趣。
It is announced that big prizes will go to whoever finishes the assignment on time.
据宣布，任何按时完成任务的人都将获得大奖。
[考点归纳]
(1)make an announcement 发表公告
(2)announce v. 宣布，宣告
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事
announce that... 宣布……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The minister made an ________ (announce) at the news conference.
②It ________ (announce) that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
③The local announced ________ the public the news that twenty people in all survived the accident last night.
④They __________________ (向我们宣布) that they would publish a new book.
⑤At the end of their meeting, ______________________________(据宣布) an agreement had been reached.
4)make it 及时到达；成功)
(教材原句)I hope I can make it to Bank station...
我希望我能撑到银行站……
The train goes at 10：15, I think we shall make it.
火车十点一刻开，我想我们能赶上。
The two friends have at last made up after the slight misunderstanding.在这小小的误会之后，两个朋友最后和好如初了。
The workers have made up their minds to make up for the lost time.工人们已经下决心弥补失去的时间。
[考点归纳]
make for 朝……行进；促进
make up 化妆；组成；编造；和好
make up for 补偿；弥补
make use of 利用
make out 弄清楚
make fun of 取笑
[联想拓展]　
it的常见固定搭配：
manage it 做到
make it及时赶到；成功　that's it就这些，没别的了
take it easy放松，不紧张　take it for granted认为理所当然
worth it值得做　believe it or not信不信由你
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①To make sure that he could make it ________ the station on time, he got up early.
②I never thought Clare would make ________ as an actress.
③I just can't make ________ what our teacher is writing on the blackboard.
④Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making ________ jokes.
⑤They set sail in the morning and ________ (到达) a small town before dark.
5)pick up捡起，拾起
(教材原句)Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”．
在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到标题是“热！热！热！”。
(读后续写之环境描写)The wind picked up and thunder rolled.风越刮越大，雷声滚滚。
What I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy.
我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。
It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
令人惊奇的是，你弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。
Only after she took charge of the company did its business pick up.直到她掌管公司之后，公司的生意才好转起来。
[考点归纳]
(1)pick up (用车)接某人；接收，收听(节目，电台)；(偶然)学会(语言、技能等)；好转；顺便买
(2)pick out 挑选，认出
[即学即练]　写出下列句中pick up的含义/完成句子
①The boy picked up the hat for the old man.________
②He is picking up the skills quickly.________
③I picked up Fujian on the radio last night.________
④A bit of exercise will pick the patient up.________
⑤I'll pick you up at your home tomorrow.________
⑥Don't forget to pick up the ice cream on your way home.________
⑦那个小女孩滑倒了，但她很快就爬了起来。
(读后续写之动作描写)The young girl slipped and fell but ________________________．
6)compared to与……相比
Compared to other alternatives, travelling by train is more comfortable and relaxing.
跟其他方式相比，乘火车旅游更舒服、更令人放松。
(应用文之人物介绍)A teacher is often compared to a candle. That's because their devotion to work is beyond compare.
老师常被比作蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。
If you compare your handwriting with hers, you will realize that you need to practice more.
如果你把自己的书写与她的书写进行对比，你就会意识到你还需要多加练习。
[考点归纳]
(1)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中作状语)
(2)compare v. 比较
compare...to... 把……比作……
compare...with... 把……和……比较
beyond/without compare 无与伦比
(3)comparison n. 比较
by/in comparison with 和……相比起来
make comparison 进行比较
[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空/一句多译
①在这篇文章中，作者通过作比较的方式对它们加以区别。
In the passage, the author tells us their differences by ________________．
②________ (compare) the two cultures will give you a better understanding of the differences between them.
③把这个与那个进行比较，你会看到哪一个更好。
________ this one ________ that one, and you will see which one is better.(祈使句)
＝________________________ this one ________ that one, you will see which one is better.(条件状语从句)
＝________ this one ________ that one, you will see which one is better. (现在分词作状语)
7)(教材原句)Looking through my newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。)
[句式解构]　v．ing形式作伴随状语，和句子主语间是主动关系，而且和谓语动词的动作同时进行。文中还有另外一个用法相同的句子：
Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.
带着沉重的心情走出地铁站，我突然感到一股清新的风吹在我的脸上。
In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
谈允贤在1511年写了一本书《女医杂言》，描述了她的医生生活。
[名师点津]　
(1)v.ing形式作状语强调和句子的谓语动词的动作(几乎)同时发生。
(2)“having＋过去分词”强调动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat ________ (look) at me with her bright eyes.
②They both fell asleep while ________ (watch) TV.
③________ (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④We sat at the table, ________ (chat) about the sweet days we spent together.
⑤遭受了这么多，汤姆再也不能抑制自己的情绪，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
(读后续写之人物描写) __________________________， Tom couldn't contain his emotions and tears of gratitude trickled down his cheeks.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Earthquake is a kind of natural ________ (灾难), which often results in many people being injured or killed.
2．I'll make an ________ (公告) when the time is right.
3．When did the incident exactly ________ (发生)
4．Three ________ (加) three equals six.
5．An active volcano could ________ (喷发) at any time!
6．He is fed by a ________ (管子) that enters his nose.
7．I got in touch with him ________ (马上) after I received the letter.
8．The road was blocked by a ________ (滑坡).
9．We can not ________ (预测) the future, but we can create miracles.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Many people were surprised by the government's ________ (announce) that there will be a cut in taxes.
2．The later ________ (erupt) were less violent and caused no significant damage.
3．Hearing the news, he ran down the stairs ________ (immediate) and got there.
4．Everyone in the street was ________ (shock) when they heard the news.
5．He was admitted to a key university, which lived up to his parents' ________ (expect).
6．It is difficult ________ (forecast) how the markets will react.
7．He entered the room from the back door to avoid ________ (notice) by others.
8．It was one of the greatest sea ________ (disaster)in human history.
9．She could see her face ________ (reflect) in the mirror.
10．I was so ________ (scare) that I could hardly think clearly after that.
Ⅲ.短语填空
in the face of, step out of, look through, react to, make it to, on average, compared with, pick up, due to, after all
1．People speak highly of the boy's bravery and calmness ________ such an emergency.
2．Peter starts ________ the mail secretly as soon as the door of the office shuts.
3．David ________ the ranks as soon as his name was called by the instructor.
4．While most teachers would ________ an adolescent getting drunk quickly, they may overlook teenagers' unimpressive behavior.
5．Sarah ________ the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
6．China's robot project is developing very fast but ________ the world's firstclass countries there are still some gaps.
7．You should be easy on the students. ________， they are kids.
8．He ________ the child and put her on his shoulders.
9．It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly ________ concerns about increased screen time.
10．He spends three hours surfing the net each day ________．
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十六）
Unit 6　Disaster and hope
Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①plus　②disaster　③erupt　④immediate; immediately　⑤announce; announcement　⑥occur
2．①B　②A　③C
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．pick up　2.as well as　3.make it to　4.look through
5．react to　6.in the face of　7.而且　8.因为，由于　9.果真
10．与……相比　11.毕竟，终究　12.走出
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．going down the stairs and onto the platform
2．comes the announcement
3．Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth
4．Looking through my newspaper
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
(1)temperature　(2)awful　(3)sick　(4)sell　(5)swim　(6)disasters　(7)scared　(8)concerned/worried　(9)refreshed
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．C　2.D　3.D　4.A　5.C√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山一样。
2．我浏览了一下报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的一场台风摧毁了一个城镇的图片。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
1．翻译：果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山一样。
赏析：在这句话中，作者运用了明喻的修辞手法，生动地描述了他在高温天气里乘坐地铁时的感受。句中本体为the stairs和the platform，喻体为volcano，“炎热”是相似点。
2．翻译：这样的温度在海滩上会很舒服，但是当你穿着西装挤在一群乘客中，可就没那么舒服了！我敢肯定邻座的乘客和我都正在熔化，我们要融为一体了！
赏析：在这两句话中，作者运用了对比、夸张和暗喻的修辞手法描述自己的感受。第一句把海滩度假和穿着西装挤地铁进行对比；第二句用夸张和暗喻，melting一词的使用非常传神——我们像炼钢炉中的钢铁，正在熔化，正在融为一体。形象生动的语言，让读者仿佛身临其境，感同身受。
要点精研·考点突破
1．①occurred　②to phone　③It　④that　⑤occurrence
⑥occurred to
2．①immediately　②take immediate measures　③immediately/as soon as/the minute/the moment I saw him
3．①announcement　②was announced　③to　④announced to us　⑤it was announced that
4．①to　②it　③out　④up　⑤made it to
5．①拾起　②(偶然)学会(语言、技能等)　③接收，收听(节目)　④好转　⑤(用车)接某人　⑥顺便买　⑦she quickly picked herself up
6．①making comparison　②Comparing　③Compare; with; If you compare; with; Comparing; with
7．①looking　②watching　③Having studied　④chatting
⑤Having suffered so much
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．disaster　2.announcement　3.occur　4.plus　5.erupt　6.tube　7.immediately　8.landslide　9.forecast
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．announcement　2.eruptions　3.immediately　4.shocked　5.expectations　6.to forecast　7.being noticed　8.disasters　9.reflected　10.scared
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．in the face of　2.looking through　3.stepped out of
4．react to　5.made it to　6.compared with　7.After all
8．picked up　9.due to　10.on averagePart Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ adv. 什么地方都不，无处
②________ adv. 否则，要不然
③________ n. 子夜，午夜
④________ num. 十亿
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①lap A．n.直升机
(　　)②helicopter B．n.蚊子
(　　)③mosquito C．北斗七星
(　　)④the Big Dipper D．小北斗七星
(　　)⑤the Little Dipper E．银河
(　　)⑥the Milky Way F．(美国等国家的)县，(英国的)郡
(　　)⑦county G．(坐着时的)大腿部
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 飞走
2．________________ 突然；猛地
3．________________ 落下；降落
4．________________ 变成
5．________________ 在户外
6．________________ 向上看
7．move on ________________
8．have yet to ________________
9．up and down ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．be doing...when...
我正坐在房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。
________________ with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, ________ the roof just flew off.
2．whatever引导让步状语从句
但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。
But Mom said that ________________， we should always try to see the good side of things.
3．the moment引导时间状语从句
风暴袭来的那一刻，它就消失了。
He had disappeared ________________ the storm hit.
4．before引导时间状语从句
虽然过了几天，我们就被救了，但感觉就像好几个月一样。
Although it was ____________________ we were rescued, it felt like months.
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
Complete the form below.
The author organises the passage in the order of ①____________．
Paras. 1—2 What the author's family experienced ②____________ the hurricane.
Paras. 3—4 Their living condition right ③____________ the hurricane.
Para. 5 They were ④____________ and resettled.
Para. 6 They were back home with ⑤____________ one year later.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．Why did the author feel frightened
A．The hurricane was sudden and fierce.
B．The hurricane could fly off the roof.
C．The roof was broken and blown away.
D．The sky was dark and horrible.
2．How did the author feel after the storm
A．Shocked. B．Worried.
C．Amazed. D．Pleased.
3．What gave the author some hope
A．What his mother said.
B．The sky's light.
C．His mother and light.
D．The good side of things.
4．Which of the following words can best describe the author's mother
A．Hopeless and weak.
B．Positive and calm.
C．Humorous and shy.
D．Badtempered and childish.
5．What can we infer from the author's words “Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months.”？
A．They were upset for losing their house.
B．They would remember the experience.
C．They liked living in the open air.
D．They were tough in the difficult situation.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________
4.
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
象征手法的巧妙运用
I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①lap/l p/n.(坐着时的)大腿部
②all of a sudden＝suddenly突然
③freeze (froze,
frozen) v．惊呆，呆住
④get out出去
⑤turn into变成
⑥in seconds几秒钟内；瞬间
⑦nowhere/'n we /
adv.什么地方都不，无处
⑧stay at home待在家里
⑨tough adj.艰苦的，困难的
⑩otherwise/' waIz/
adv.否则，要不然
get sick生病
drinking water饮用水
helicopter
/'helIk pt /n.直升机
spend...doing花时间做……
up and down上上下下；来来回回
look out for注意/努力寻找
mosquito
/m 'ski t / n．蚊子
though adv.虽然；不过；然而
including prep.包括在内
keep on doing...一直做……
remember (sb.'s) doing sth.记得(某人)做过某事
midnight/'mIdnaIt/
n．子夜，午夜
look up at
向上看……
the Big Dipper
北斗七星
the Little Dipper
小北斗七星
the Milky Way银河
county/'ka nti/n.(美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
in time及时；按时
for quite a while很久，很长时间
have yet to还没有
be surrounded by/with被……包围
reminder n．暗示；提醒的人/物
rebuild v．重建
inspire v．激励，鼓励
confidence n．信心
move on往前走，前进
[教材原文]
Stars after the storm
It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap①， when the roof just flew off 【1】. All of a sudden②， there was sky where the roof had been 【2】. I was so frightened that I just froze③ 【3】．
【1】be doing...when...是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时/那时……”。
【2】where引导定语从句，表示“在……地方”。
【3】本句为so...that...句式，意思是“如此……以至于……”。
Mom cried to get out④ quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into⑤ a river in seconds⑥. We were going nowhere⑦.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home⑧， but soon it got really tough⑨. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous 【4】. There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it__otherwise⑩ we'd get really sick 【5】. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter ， but it was never enough 【6】. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit 【7】．
【4】staying inside为动名词作主语。
【5】本句中but连接并列句。
【6】句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词water, that在从句中作主语；but连接并列句。
【7】the moment起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
Living in the open air 【8】， we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos . But Mom said that whatever happens 【9】， we should always try to see the
good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive 【10】， though . We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left 【11】 were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe 【12】. Mom's words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper , the Little Dipper and the Milky Way . It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future【13】．
【8】现在分词作伴随状语。
【9】that引导宾语从句，从句中whatever引导让步状语从句。
【10】It作形式主语，to do不定式作真正的主语。
【11】we had left是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词All。
【12】句中as引导原因状语从句。
【13】句中Even though引导让步状语从句。
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued 【14】， it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county . Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time . We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn't be back for quite a while 【15】．
【14】it was＋时间段＋before...表示“多久……才/就……”。
【15】although引导的让步状语从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。
Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on .
[课文译文]
风暴过后现繁星
很奇怪，我真的记不得很多关于飓风的事了。这一切都发生得太快了。我正坐在我的房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我大腿上，突然房顶被刮飞了。霎时间，原来的房顶变成了天空。我吓呆了。
妈妈大喊着让我们快跑，但为时已晚。大雨倾盆而下。瞬间就将街道淹没成河。我们无处可逃。
起初，我还庆幸我们能待在家里，但很快情况变得极其糟糕。没有屋顶，待在里面太危险了。到处是水，但是我们不能喝一滴，否则我们真的会生病。我们只能喝直升机送来的饮用水，但这些水远远不够。正值八月份，天气真的很热很热，到处散发着难闻的气味！我只能整天看着街道上来来往往的船只，并努力寻找着斯玛蒂。暴风雨袭来的那一刻，它就失踪了。
由于住在户外，我们成了蚊子的一日三餐。但妈妈说无论发生什么，我们都应该尽力看到事情好的一面。但是，保持积极乐观很难。我们失去了我们的家和里面所有的东西，包括斯玛蒂。我们只剩下身上的衣服了。不过，妈妈一直在提醒我们，我们一家人还安全地在一起。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记得我们全家躺在午夜的苍穹之下，仰望星空。因为没有灯，我能看得见北斗七星、小北斗七星和银河。这太神奇了！尽管我们失去了不少东西，那些时刻却给了我们走向未来的希望。
虽然没有几天我们就得救了，但是我们觉得好像过了几个月一样。我们被带到一个遥远的县的另一个城镇。谢天谢地，斯玛蒂也及时赶到了家。我们都很高兴能带上他，尽管当时我们都不知道我们要很久才能回来。
现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家中。有些家庭还没有回来，但许多其他家庭已经回来了。虽然我们周围的一切都提醒着我们这里曾发生的灾难，但大家都在为重建我们的家园和生活而一同努力着。现在我们又有机会仰望新奥尔良的星星了。它们的美激励着我们，给我们继续前进的信心。
1)otherwise adv.否则，要不然(相当于or, or else)；以其他方式)
(教材原句)There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick.
到处都是水，但是我们不能喝，否则我们会生病的。
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.
莱文和他的研究团队选择了年龄在45到64岁之间的志愿者，他们不怎么锻炼，但却很健康。
We will get there somehow, by train or otherwise.
我们无论如何都会到达那里，乘火车或用其他方法。
[考点归纳]
or otherwise　　　　　　　　　　　或其他情况，或相反
[名师点津]　(1)otherwise通常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型，意为“否则”，相当于or。
(2)otherwise常用于虚拟语气句中，表示否定的条件，即表示与前述内容相反的条件。叙述与现在或将来事实相反的情况，谓语用“would/could/should/might＋do”；叙述与过去事实相反的情况，谓语用“would/could/should/might＋have done”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We lost our way in that small village. Otherwise we ________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
②You'd better go now; ________ you'll miss the train.
③Seize the chance, otherwise you ________ (regret) it.
④The plan should be adjusted to the changes; otherwise ______________________________ (它会遭到强烈反对).
⑤We're committed to the project. ________________________(否则我们就不会到这里来了).
2)keep on doing sth.反复做某事；继续做某事)
(教材原句)But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.
不过就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样，好在全家人都在一起而且平安无事。
To know it's no use, but keep on doing it—there can be no greater folly than this.知其不可而为之，愚不可及也。
[考点归纳]
(1)keep doing sth. 继续做某事；反复做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth.
＝prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
(2)keep out of 使不进入……；避免(麻烦等)
keep back 隐瞒；抑制，控制(情感)
keep up 继续下去，坚持下去；保持(情绪、体力、士气等)
keep up with 跟上
keep to 遵守，遵从
keep/bear...in mind 记住……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Keep on ________ (run) every day and you will benefit from it before long.
②From her, I realize that as long as we keep ________ trying, we will achieve our dream.
③Try to keep the children ________ throwing food all over the floor.
④Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and ______________________________ (继续) going.
3)look out for 注意，留心)
(教材原句)I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie.
我整天都只是看着船只在街上来来往往，并寻找斯玛蒂。
Look out for your Aunt while you're at the station.
你到了车站要留神找你姨妈。
Looking back on it, I still can't figure out what went wrong.现在回想起来，我还是不明白什么地方出了问题。
[考点归纳]
look for 寻找
look back on 回顾，追忆
look through 浏览
look up to 敬仰，钦佩
look down on/upon 看不起
look up 查找；查阅
look forward to 期待，盼望
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We are looking forward ________ a cleaner and better environment by changing our lifestyle.
②你是个受欢迎的女孩，格雷丝，许多比你小的女孩都仰慕你。
You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones ____________________ you.
③你能查一查下一趟去北京的火车的时间吗？
Can you ____________ the time of the next train to Beijing
④纳尔逊先生喜欢回顾他与女儿度过的时光。
Mr Nelson liked to ________________ the time he spent with his daughter.
4)(教材原句)He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.他在风暴袭来的时候不见了。)
[句式解构]　本句中the moment用作连词来引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as。
(1)相当于as soon as，表示“一……就……”的名词短语还有：the minute, the instant, the second, the moment等。
(2)由time构成的名词短语：each/every/any time, the first/last time, next time等也可以引导时间状语从句。
(3)表示时间段的短语：the morning (afternoon/evening), the night, the day, the week, the year等也可以引导时间状语从句。
(4)“一……就……”的表达方式有：
as soon as...
immediately/directly/instantly...
the second/minute/instant/moment...
no sooner... than.../hardly... when...
on/upon＋n./doing...
“The moment I heard it，” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
他说：“我一听就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”
The audiences will cheer every time the singer appears on the stage.这位歌手每次出现在舞台上，观众们都会欢呼。
[名师点津]　当no sooner... than..., hardly... when...引导表示时间的句子时，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当no sooner和hardly提到句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'll give him the letter ________ moment I see him.
②On ________ (hear) the good news, I jumped with joy.
③I sent you the news ________ instant (that) I heard it.
④No sooner had we arrived at the station ________ the train left.
⑤Hardly ________ they ________ (finish) their work when the electricity was cut off.
5)(教材原句)I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.,我正坐在自己的房间里，猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上，突然屋顶就飞走了。)
[句式解构]　本句句型为：was/were doing...when...“正在做……这时……”。
when用作并列连词，意为“这时”的句型有：
(1)Sb. was/were doing sth.＋when...
某人正在做某事，这时……
(2)Sb. was/were about to do sth.＋when...
某人即将做某事，这时……
(3)Sb. had just done sth.＋when...
某人刚做完某事，这时……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I ________ (think) about the matter when I heard my name called.
②I had just finished my exam paper ________ the bell rang.
③她刚要离开，这时电话响了。
She ______________________________ the phone rang.
6)(教材原句)Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months.,虽然过了几天我们就被救了，但感觉就像过了好几个月一样。)
[句式解构]　before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”，
表示主语的动作发生在从句的动作之前。一般情况下，before在翻译时比较灵活，可译为“还未来得及……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁着……”“还没来得及……”等。
It wasn't long before he learned to use the computer.
不久他就学会了使用计算机。
He hung up before I said thanks to him.
我还没来得及道谢，他就挂断了电话。
They are considering buying a new house before prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时买一套新房子。
[考点归纳]
(1)It won't be long before... 用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It will be＋时间段before... 得过多久才……(before从句用一般现在时)
(3)It wasn't long before... 没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)
(4)It was＋时间段before... 过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
[即学即练]　写出下列句子中before的汉语意思
①Before he came here, he was in England.________
②It will be some time before we know the full results.________
③Put that away before it gets broken.________
④Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room.________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We learned how to make a fire without matches and create a ________ (庇护所) with branches and grass.
2．It is everybody's duty to take good care of public ________ (财物).
3．It is estimated that one ________ (十亿) people in the world are suffering from hunger and malnutrition.
4．This animal is found in Australia, and ________ (无处) else.
5．He left at ________ (午夜) so that he could make it to the customer's house on time.
6．A third of Africa is under the ________ (威胁) of desertification.
7．The workers were not better organized, ________ (要不然) they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
8．Located in the northwest of Shandong Province, our ________ (县) is famous for cotton.
9．Only when agriculture is fully developed can industry have ________ (充足的) materials and markets.
10．A single ________ (蚊子) can infect a large number of people.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious natural ________ (disaster) in New Zealand.
2．________ midnight he awoke and listened to the radio for a few minutes.
3．Today, ________ (billion) of dollars in goods and services are sold online.
4．We are looking for someone who is ________ (rely) and hardworking.
5．We ________ (have) dinner when a stranger came in.
6．________ you do, I will always support you.
7．________ never occurred to me that he would fail in the exam.
8．We must take action right now, ________ we'll be late.
9．Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team ________ (arrive).(课文原句)
10．Consisting ________ 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十八）
Part Ⅲ　Developing ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①nowhere　②otherwise　③midnight　④billion
2．①G　②A　③B　④C　⑤D　⑥E　⑦F
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．fly off　2.all of a sudden　3.come down　4.turn into
5．in the open air　6.look up　7.前进　8.还没有　9.上上下下；来来往往
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．I was sitting in my room; when
2．whatever happens
3．the moment
4．only a few days before
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
①time　②during　③after　④rescued　⑤hope
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．A　2.B　3.D　4.B　5.D
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．我正坐在自己的房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我腿上，突然屋顶就飞走了。
2．我只能整天看着街上来来往往的船只，留意寻找斯玛蒂的身影。
3．不过妈妈说不管发生什么，我们都应该尽量看到事情好的一面。
4．现在我们又能仰望新奥尔良的星空了。星空的美鼓舞着我们，让我们有信心继续前行。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
解析：在这句话中，作者用夜空中的星星象征着对未来的希望。虽然飓风使我们失去了一切，我们的天空一片黑暗，但我们仍能看到点点繁星，希望还在。同时这几句话也表明了作者对待生活持有积极乐观的态度。
要点精研·考点突破
1．①would have visited　②otherwise　③will regret　④it will meet with strong opposition　⑤Otherwise we wouldn't be here/We wouldn't be here otherwise
2．①running　②on　③from　④keep on
3．①to　②look up to　③look up　④look back on
4．①the　②hearing　③the　④than　⑤had; finished
5．①was thinking　②when　③was about to leave when
6．①在……之前　②得过多久才……　③以免/趁着……
④还没来得及
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shelter　2.property　3.billion　4.nowhere　5.midnight　6.threat　7.otherwise　8.county　9.sufficient　10.mosquito
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．disasters　2.At　3.billions　4.reliable　5.were having　6.Whatever　7.It　8.or/otherwise　9.to arrive　10.of

展开更多......

收起↑