资源简介 Section Ⅴ Writing——如何写道德寓言故事的评论通·题型解读寓言往往以比喻性的故事寄寓意味深长的道理。寓言故事评论以评论为主，主要通过对故事内容折射出的寓意作点评，使读者领悟其中的内涵以达到受教育的目的。写作时要力求语言简练、内容概括全面、寓意表达清晰。析·谋篇思路积·满分素材夺人眼球开头句1．This is a fable about how neighbors get along.这是一则关于邻里之间如何相处的寓言故事。2．It is known to all that this novel has a great influence on the development of Chinese literature.众所周知， 这部小说对中国文学的发展有很大影响。3．Glad to hear from you. I'd like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read．很高兴收到你的来信。我想告诉你我最近读到的一个道德寓言故事。4．The fable is titled Waiting for Gain without Pain.这则寓言的标题是《守株待兔》。亮点出彩篇中句1．Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields every day.从前，有一个农民每天在地里辛勤劳动。2．It is recognised that kindness and diligence are both traditional virtues of Chinese people.公认的是， 善良和勤劳都是中国人民的传统美德。3．As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results.事实上，这个寓言反映了不同的态度可能会带来不同的结果。4．The fable is well worth reading, which is aimed at telling us a message: No pains, no gains.这则寓言非常值得一读，它旨在告诉我们“不劳无获” 这样一个寓意。5．After I read the story, I have a better understanding of what he experienced．读完这个故事后，我对他所经历的有了更好的了解。6．Having read the story, I was lost in thought, feeling disappointed with what she did.读完这个故事后，我陷入了沉思，对她所做的感到失望。7．What impresses me most is that he helped the people in need.让我印象最深刻的是他帮助了急需帮助的人。韵味无穷结尾句1．I strongly hope that you can have a try and it won't disappoint you.我强烈希望你能试一试(读一读), 它不会让你失望的。2．I hope we shouldn't be that kind of people. It is working hard that is the most valuable.我希望我们不应该是那种人。努力工作才是最有价值的。3．Do you think so Looking forward to your reply．你这么认为吗？期待你的回复。4．I think the story is worth reading because it told us how to do that.我认为这个故事值得一读，因为它教会我们如何去做。5．I would love to share the story with my family.我很乐意分享这个故事给我的家人。练·写作规范假定你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《孔融让梨》的英文评论，内容包括：1．故事梗概；2.内容分析；3.个人观点。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ?第一步：认真审题 谋篇布局?第二步：斟词酌句 靓化表达1．《孔融让梨》是一个关于美德的故事。Kong Rong Gives up the Biggest Pear ____________________．2．孔融四岁时，就能按年龄次序来分梨。When Kong Rong was four years old,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.3．(一句多译)每个人都分到了自己应得的一份，唯独给自己的那一个是最小的。①Everyone gets his share, but the one ________________________ is the least. (定语从句)②Everyone gets his share, but the one________________________. (过去分词作定语)4．他说敬重长辈是基本准则。He said respecting the elders is ____________________．5．这个故事想告诉我们要学会尊敬长辈，懂得分享，不要自私自利。The story is intended to tell us to learn to ____________________， know ____________________， and not to be selfish.6．故事简短，脉络清晰。它很好地起到了教育世人的目的。The story ________________ and the thread is clear. It ________________________ educating the world well.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. (升级为并列句)7．我喜欢这个故事。我想向读者推荐它。I like this story. I would like to________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.(升级为so...that...状语从句)?第三步：合理过渡 完美卷面 Section Ⅴ Writing——如何写道德寓言故事的评论练·写作规范第二步1．is a story of virtue2．he could divide the pears according to the order of age3．①which is given to himself ②given to himself is the least4．the basic principle5．respect the elders; how to share6．is short; serves its purpose of; The story is short and the thread is clear, and it serves its purpose of educating the world well7．recommend it to the readers; I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers第三步参考范文：Kong Rong Gives up the Biggest Pear is a story of virtue. When Kong Rong was four years old, he could divide the pears according to the order of age. Everyone gets his share, but the one given to himself is the least. He said respecting the elders is the basic principle.The story is intended to tell us to learn to respect the elders, know how to share, and not to be selfish. The story is short and the thread is clear, and it serves its purpose of educating the world well.I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers.Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing预学案·能力为重语篇精读语篇精读 形成阅读能力Task 1文本微观剖析：细节探究Read the text and then choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following is TRUE A．The king wanted to play a joke on others.B．The group of women moved the stone together.C．The girl had great difficulty moving the stone.D．The milkman knew who put the stone there.2．What can we infer from the fable A．The king regretted what he had done.B．The girl and the king found the owner of the coins.C．The girl wasn't surprised at the coins.D．The king achieved his goal at last.3．What's the right order of the fable ①The king placed a stone in the street.②A group of women passed it.③A girl saw the stone and moved it away.④A milkman crashed into the stone.A．①②③④ B．①④②③C．①②④③ D．④①②③4．What do you think this fable is trying to tell us A．Where there is a will, there is a way.B．Everyone should shoulder responsibilities for his community.C．Chance favors only the prepared mind.D．As you make your bed, you must lie on it.Task 2 佳句妙笔生辉：应用文提能找出描述品德的句子________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________研学案·素养为本 精讲精练学·语言要点知识核心词汇诠释1)in tears流着泪；含着泪)(1)burst into tears 突然大哭起来(2)be close to tears 快流泪了(3)hold/fight back one's tears 强忍住眼泪(4)be moved to tears 感动得流泪(5)be bathed in tears 泪流满面[写美] 完成句子①当她意识到自己在森林里迷路了时，她突然哭了起来。When sensing she was lost in the forest, she ______________________________．②看着我的成绩单，妈妈笑了，眼里流淌着快乐的泪水。Looking at my report card, my mother smiled _________________________________ .③他们一相遇，就紧紧地拥抱着对方，泪水控制不住地流了下来。The moment they met, they hugged each other tightly and couldn't ______________________________．④站在台上时，他突然感觉舌头打结，手心出汗，快要哭了。When standing on the stage, he suddenly felt his tongue tied and palms sweating and he ________________．2)harm n.& vt.伤害；损害)(1)do sb./sth. harm＝do harm to sb./sth. 对某人/事有害There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害(2)harmful adj. 有害的be harmful to... 对……有害(3)harmless adj. 无害的[练透] 单句语法填空①As parents, they have responsibility to make sure we won't ________ (harm).②As is known to all, too much stress is ________ (harm) to our bodies and minds.[写美] 一句多译空气污染很严重，所以户外运动可能对我们的健康有害。③The air pollution is very serious, so taking outdoor exercise may ________________．④The air pollution is very serious, so taking outdoor exercise may ________________．3)a great deal (of)大量)(1)a great deal意为“大量”，起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语等。(2)a great deal意为“非常；很”，在句中作状语，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级。(3)a great deal of后跟不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。[练透] 单句语法填空①After taking some medicine, he felt a great deal ________ (good).②A great deal of work ________ (do) to improve people's living standards in the past few years.[写美] 完成句子③人们在这场灾难中遭受了巨大的痛苦，但他们并没有对重建家园失去信心。People ________________________________， but they didn't lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.[名师点津] 修饰不可数名词的单词和词组：much; a great deal of; a bit of; an amount of/amounts of经典句式解构1)句型公式：独立主格结构【教材原句】 After a while，a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head．过了一会儿，一群妇人走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(1)句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是一个由代词each和动词-ing短语构成的结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法结构被称作“独立主格结构”。(2)独立主格结构：名词或代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/doing/done/to do。[写美] 完成句子①我被他的所作所为深深感动了，我热泪盈眶。(读后续写之情感描写)I was deeply moved by what he had done, ____________________．②她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。She rested her head on her husband's shoulder, ________________________ .③有许多事情要解决， 经理觉得自己就像热锅上的蚂蚁。The manager felt as if he were an ant on a hot pan, ________________________．④工作完成后，我们就高兴地回家了。________________________________， we went home happily.2)句型公式：neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”【教材原句】 Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.无论是她，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。(1)neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，可连接两个并列的句子成分。连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。(2)遵循“就近一致”原则的其他并列连词有：either...or...不是……就是……not only...but also...不仅……而且……not...but...不是……而是……[练透] 单句语法填空①Our school lies in Tianjin City, which is beautiful.In autumn, it is neither too hot ________ too cold.②There are occasions that ________ allow us to enjoy life or forget about our work for a little while.[写美] 完成句子③我的英语老师不仅对我们有耐心，而且他也主动关心我们的精神健康。Not only __________________________ but also he is willing to pay attention to our mental health.练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The children had been warned many times not to swim alone in the sea before the ________ (事故) happened.2．It was at the very moment that I was in total ________ (绝望) and decided to go home.3．I will never forget the scene where you saw me off in t________ at the station.4．If used improperly, the medicine will do h________ to you.Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式1．Your letter of congratulation gives me __________________________ (大量) pleasure.2．I was walking down the street when I ____________________________ (被……绊倒) a stone on the pavement.3．They planted roses in memory of the former Olympic champion who ____________________ (去世) last year.4．__________________________________________ (作为对……的纪念) the national hero，local people set up a primary school named after him in the autonomous region.5．As far as I know, the waitress was really a police officer ________________________ (伪装).Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing预学案语篇精读 形成阅读能力Task 11．C 2.D 3.B 4.BTask 2①Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.②Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.③Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm ④But when she saw the stone, she said to herself, “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.I'll move it out of the way.”⑤Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.研学案学· 语言要点知识核心词汇诠释1．①burst into tears ②with tears of joy running in her eyes ③fight back tears/hold back their tears ④was close to tears2．①be harmed ②harmful ③be harmful to our health④do harm to our health3．①better ②has been done ③suffered a great deal from the disaster经典句式解构1．①my eyes in tears ②a smile of happiness spreading across her face ③many things to settle ④The work finished2．①nor ②either ③is my English teacher patient with us练· 课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单词拼写1．accident 2.despair 3.tears 4.harmⅡ.固定搭配和句式1．a great deal of 2.tripped over 3.passed away 4.In memory of 5. in disguiseSection Ⅱ Reading and Thinking预学案·能力为重语篇精读语篇精读 形成阅读能力Task 1 框架宏观建构：整体理解1.What's the main idea of the text A．Lin Qiaozhi's belief in childhood.B．Lin Qiaozhi's study.C．Lin Qiaozhi's career.D．Lin Qiaozhi's contributions to medicine and great influence on society.2．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIESPara.1 Lin Qiaozhi's ①________ of life.Para.2 Lin's choice of studying ②________．Para.3 Lin Qiaozhi's learning experiences.Para.4 Lin opened a private ③________ to help the people.Para.5 The ④________ Lin played in the new People's Republic of China.Para.6 Summary of Lin Qiaozhi's life and achievements.[指津] 如何“下结论”“下结论”是一种深度阅读行为，需要理性思维。推理结论时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。Task 2 文本微观剖析：细节探究Read the text on Pages 16～17 carefully and then choose the best answer.1．What did Dr Lin Qiaozhi think is the most precious A．Medicine. B．Choice.C．Marriage. D．Life.2．What made her brother angry with her A．Her mother's death.B．Her goal to study medicine.C．Her decision to be single.D．Her marriage like most girls.3．What can we learn from the last paragraph A．Lin married very late.B．Lin adopted many babies.C．Lin died while working.D．Lin founded a kindergarten.4．Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin A．Warm-hearted and careful.B．Positive and confident.C．Devoted and thankful.D．Hard-working and kind.Task 3 佳句妙笔生辉：续写提能Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe Lin Qiaozhi's selfless devotion to her work.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 4 辨难句拆分解：阅读清障1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired [句式分析][自主翻译] ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.[句式分析][自主翻译] ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________研学案·素养为本 精讲精练学·语言要点知识1)majority n.大部分；大多数)(1)the majority of... 大多数……be in the majority 占大部分/大多数(2)major vi. 主修n. 主修课程adj. 主要的；重要的major in 主修……；以……为专业[练透] 单句语法填空①The majority of students in our class ________ (be) hard-working.②In fact, he inspires me to major ________ English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.[写美] 词汇升级③As the chart shows, most students tend to spend their after-school time playing online games.→As the chart shows, ________________ the students tend to spend their after-school time playing online games.[名师指津] the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。Though the majority was/were against the plan, the manager still asked his staff to carry it out.尽管大多数人反对这个计划，经理还是要求他的员工执行。2)complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚(1)complain to sb. 向某人抱怨，发牢骚complain about sth. 抱怨某事(2)complaint n. 投诉，抱怨，怨言make a complaint about 抱怨……；投诉……[练透] 单句语法填空①I feel it no use ________ (complain); instead, I should take action immediately.②It was obvious that all my ________ (complain) about the service of your restaurants were useless.[写美] 完成句子③我的老师似乎没有注意到，可能是因为我从来没有抱怨或寻求帮助。(读后续写之人物描写)My teachers didn't seem to notice, probably ____________________________ or ask for help.[名师点津] complain不能直接跟人作宾语，应加介词to。3)respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(1)respond to 对……做出回应或反应respond that... 回答说……(2)response n. 反应；回答；回复in response (to...) 作为(对……)的答复/反应make (a) response to 回答；对……做出回应[练透] 单句语法填空①I would be grateful if you could make a ________ (respond) to my message at your earliest convenience.②Don't respond ________ any e-mails requesting personal information, no matter how official they look.[写美] 完成句子③许多人骑自行车上班，响应政府倡导的低碳生活方式。Many people ____________________________ the government's calling for living a low-carbon lifestyle.[小词汇·大文化] Those who move people with sincerity will be responded with sincerity.用真诚感动人，就会得到真诚的回应。4)appoint vt.任命；委派)(1)appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事appoint sb. as/to be＋职务 任命某人担任某职务(2)appointment n. 约会；任命make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的[练透] 单句语法填空①Our headmaster appointed me ________ (introduce) the Chinese culture of tea arts to foreign exchange students.②Having made an ________ (appoint) with the doctor, I am terribly sorry for not keeping you company to the bookshop at the ________ (appoint) time.[写美] 完成句子③得知你被任命为学生会主席，我写信向你致以诚挚的祝贺。(应用文之祝贺信)________________________________ the chairman of the Student Union, I am writing to send my sincere congratulations to you.5)tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于)(1)tend to do/be... 易于/趋向……tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾……(2)tendency n. 趋向；倾向have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事There is a tendency that... 有一种趋势/倾向[练透] 单句语法填空①Being a freshman, she tended ________ (get) lost in the 6-story maze, leaving her so helpless. [2024·浙江1月卷]②There is a growing ________ (tend) among middle-school students that they will do some voluntary work during their vacation.[写美] 词汇升级③It is because my mother has looked after me carefully that I have recovered from the disease so quickly.→It is because my mother has ____________ me carefully that I have recovered from the disease so quickly.[指津] “照顾某人”这样表达：look after sb.; take care of sb.; attend to sb.; tend (to) sb.6)scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的(1)scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事scare sb./sth. away/off 把某人/物吓跑(2)be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事be scared to death 吓得要死[练透] 单句语法填空①My little girl ran away, ________ (scare)of my mom's eye. [2024·湖北省部分学校检测]②Jim was scared ________ (see) a car hit a tree, turn upside down and end up in a field by the road.③I aimed and threw the rocks to the creature to scare it ________.[写美] 完成句子④听到爆炸声时，她吓得要死。(读后续写之心理描写)She ____________________ when hearing the sound of explosion.7)energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的)(1)feel energetic 感到精力充沛(2)energy n. 能量；精力be full of energy 精力旺盛[练透] 单句语法填空①As she started to get healthier and ________ (energy), the family's burden was eased.②I'm going to devote all my ________ (energy) to getting a better job.[写美] 完成句子③你有必要多吃点水果，这能给你提供足够的能量。It's necessary for you to eat more fruit, which will __________________________．8)replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处)replace A with/by B 以B代替/替换Areplace sth. 代替某物/某事replace sb. as... 取代某人当……[练透] 单句语法填空①As far as I'm concerned, it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them ________ snacks.②After the storm had passed, our worries and fears ________ (replace) by relief that we were unharmed and that our house had remained undamaged.[写美] 一句多译我非常高兴代替我的同事在开幕式上做演讲。③I am very pleased to ________________________ my colleague to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony.④I am very pleased to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony ______________________ my colleague.[名师点津] 与replace词义相近的还有： ①take the place of；②take one's place；③in place of；④instead of用·中频词汇句式核心词汇诠释1)carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关)carry out 执行，实行；贯彻；实现carry on 开展；坚持；继续[练透] 单句语法填空①It was my confidence, together with the skills you taught me that carried me ________ the challenging exam. (应用文之感谢信)②With the guidance of my partner, I carried on ________ (do) our project and our efforts paid off finally. [2022·浙江1月卷读后续写]③It was difficult for the twins to carry ________ their plan to cook a Mother's Day breakfast.2)elect vt.选举；推选)(1)elect sb. to be/as... 选举某人为……(2)election n. 选举；推选；当选[练透] 单句语法填空①It's my great honor to be elected ________ the chairman of the students' union.②If I have the honor to win the ________ (elect), I'll try to organize activities as many as possible.3)reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用(1)reject an offer/a suggestion 拒绝接受一项提议/一个建议(2)rejection n. 拒绝接受； 否决[练透] 单句语法填空①His proposal was ________ (reject) by his manager at the meeting, which made him very upset.②Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it's absolutely necessary.4)retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出(1)retire from... 从……退休retire as... 以……身份退休(2)retirement n. 退休；退职retired adj. 退休的[练透] 单句语法填空①At age 68, he ________ (retire) from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.②A ________ (retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.经典句式解构1)句型公式：“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级含义【教材原句】 To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired 对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。而现在这个人把生命托付给我，那么我怎么去拒绝那份信任，说我冷、我饿、我困呢？(1)表示最高级意义的常用表达法：①否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than②否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as(2)can/could＋never/not...enough/too...意为“再……也不过分”。[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写][练透] 单句语法填空①In the face of disasters, nothing is ________ (precious) than human lives.②I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a ________ (exciting) one before.[写美] 完成句子③当得知我在写作比赛中获得第一名时，我从来没有这么兴奋过。When learning that I won the first prize in the writing contest, I had ________________________．2)句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.)(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only，the last, the first, the first, the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。(2)在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后常用不定式作后置定语。[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文]【教材原句】 She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。[练透] 单句语法填空①Jack was the first person ________ (think) of a good idea to help Bernard earn some extra money by making popcorn.②He is the only one ________ (figure) out that difficult math problem.[写美] 完成句子③在我看来，随机配对学生并不能提高他们的英语口语，毕竟，说英语的能力因人而异。In my opinion, randomly pairing up students can't improve their oral English and after all, the ability ________________ varies from person to person.练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单词拼写1．I hung my head, ________ (害怕的) to look at my father's cloudy face. (读后续写之动作＋情感描写)2．The works of Du Fu represent a ________ (宝贵的) cultural heritage for the entire world, not just China.3．He is the only one of the students who has been the winner of ________ (奖学金) for 3 years.4．In the past decade, Huawei company has h________ thousands of technical experts.5．We students fancy that the Student U________ should hold a variety of activities to enrich our boring campus life.Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式1．People under stress __________________________________ (往往；倾向于) develop their full range of potential.2．Deeds are better than words when people are ____________________________ (需要帮助).3．It was his determination that __________________________________ (帮助他渡过难关) the difficult period.Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking预学案语篇精读 形成阅读能力Task 11．D 2.①principle ②medicine ③clinic ④roleTask 21．D 2.B 3.C 4.DTask 3①To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry or tired ②She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.③At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.④Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died，22 April 1983.⑤Since she had no children of her own，she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.⑥And even as she lay dying，her final thoughts were for others.“I'm ready to go，” she said.“Don't try to rescue me any more.Don't waste the medicine any more.”Task 41．对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？2．虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。研学案学· 语言要点知识1．①are ②in ③the majority of2．①complaining ②complaints ③because I didn't ever complain3．①response ②to ③cycle to work in response to4．①to introduce ②appointment; appointed ③Learning that you are appointed as5．①to get ②tendency ③tended (to)6．①scared ②to see ③away ④was scared to death7．①more energetic ②energies ③provide enough energy for you8．①with/by ②were replaced ③replace/take the place of ④in place of/instead of用·中频词汇句式核心词汇诠释1．①through ②doing ③out2．①as ②election3．①rejected ②rejection4．①retired ②retired经典句式解构1．①more precious ②more exciting ③never been more excited2．①to think ②to figure ③to speak English练· 课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单词拼写1．scared 2.precious 3.scholarship 4.hired 5.UnionⅡ.固定搭配和句式1．tend to 2.in need of help 3.carried him throughUNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES单元知识预览素养目标文化意识了解不同文化背景下人们所共同推崇的道德观念与美好品质，如善良、敬业、无私、诚信、责任感等。思维品质学习和理解儒家“仁、义、礼、智、信”的思想，树立正确的道德观和价值观，自觉遵守和践行中华美德，为传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化而努力。学习能力能通过阅读从文章中提取事实和细节，并基于这些信息推导出合理的结论；能够根据时间顺序或事件发展的先后次序来叙事。语言能力必记单词moral virtueillustrate preciousmarriage majorityfee respondscholarship hirephysician rejectappoint clinicelect decadetend publishstaff retiresaving principlepassive scaresharp insuranceenergetic replaceaccident operationwhisper exportassist memoryharm flexibleincome thereforetension,重点短语moral dilemmacarry sb. through sth.tuition feesresident physiciantend to do sth.first aidpass awayin memory oftrip overin tearsin despaira great deal (of)经典句型1．“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级含义2．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.3．独立主格结构4．neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”核心语法动词 ing作宾补和状语话题写作如何写道德寓言故事的评论三言两语背金句1．I believe a small act of kindness can make a big difference.我相信一个小小的善举可以起到很大的作用。2．Make yourself a better person and know who you are before you try and know someone else and expect them to know you.在你想了解别人也想让别人了解你之前，先完善并了解自己。3．To love science is to love truth, so to be honest is the scientist's main virtue.热爱科学就是热爱真理，因此，诚实是科学家的主要美德。4．It is recognised that kindness and diligence are both traditional virtues of Chinese people.公认的是，善良和勤劳是中国人民的传统美德。5．What we can learn from it is that we should be kind and willing to help others.从中我们可以学到的是我们应该有善心，并乐于助人。Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking预学案·知识为基听说读写听力词汇·清障1．As we all know, respecting parents is one of China's traditional ________ (道德) values.2．Sincerity is the highest ________ (美德) in life.3．The child was faced with the moral ________ (道德困境) of whether to return the money he found.4．As the old saying goes, “A friend ________ (需要) is a friend indeed.”5．As we all know, making friends can help us ________ (建立) good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society.话题听力·体验听下面几段对话，回答以下小题。1．Where did the woman lose her phone A.At her office.B．In a cafe.C．In a movie theater.2．What did the guy do when he found the phone A．He called the police.B．He called the last number on it.C．He called one of the woman's friends.3．What does the man advise the woman to do A．Give the guy some money.B．Buy the guy some food.C．Invite the guy to see a movie.4．When does the conversation probably take place A．At night.B．Around midday.C．In the early morning.主题语境·听说英语课上，老师鼓励学生们探讨优秀的道德品质，同学们踊跃发言。请根据语境和汉语提示完成对话。Teacher: As we all know, we Chinese 1.________________________________ (有很多传统美德). Next, I want to find some students to tell us something about our virtues. Li Hua, please!Li Hua: Thanks, Ms Liu. I think 2.____________________________ (最重要的美德之一是诚信). Honesty is the base of the society.Teacher: Very good. Wang Lei, do you have anything to say Wang Lei: Yes, Ms Liu. In my opinion, diligence is more important, because we Chinese 3.________________ (因……而著称) being diligent and hardworking.Teacher: Good！Anyone else Han Meimei: Ms Liu, I think kindness is 4.____________________________ (对我们的社会很重要).研学案·素养为本精讲精练探·听力发音技巧升调发音技巧升调(Rising Intonation)是我们在进行语言表达时，句子的最后一个实词的重读音节上升的语调。这取决于我们说话时的语气，或试图用语调表达的情感或态度。升调常用于一般疑问句、选择性疑问句、肯定或否定的回答、反意疑问句以及某些陈述句等句式中。常见用法如下：1．一般疑问句提问时使用： 表示等待回答者确认或者表示礼貌。Is it your↗book Could you↗help me 2．选择性疑问句， 先升调， 再降调： 表示等待回答者确认。Would you like↗juice or↘milk 3．Yes/No回答时使用： 表示等待提问者继续阐述他想谈论的话题。—You know Tom —↗Yes.4．反意疑问句句末使用： 表示对所说的内容不确定。You don't like swimming，↗do you 5．陈述句句中使用： 表示尚未结束， 向另一个人发出信号， 请您等待。(一般情况下陈述句使用降调)The project was↘difficult.The project was↗difficult, but we finished it on time.听词辩音1．听录音标注出句中的升调①Could you come Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday ②Which country would you like to go to, England, Canada, or America ③They went to the library, didn't they ④Help yourself, please.⑤Do you go there by bike or by train ⑥Am I going to have a birthday party 2．听录音选出下列选项中为升调的句子①When's Women's day ②Can I try it ③Here you are.④What's your favorite season 学·语言要点知识1)moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意(1)It's moral to do sth.做……是合乎道德的(2)morally adv. 道德上immoral adj. 不道德的[练透] 单句语法填空①Confucius felt happy with this, because it is moral ________ (take) possession of things like this.[写美] 完成句子②面对道德困境，我们应该伸出援手，而不是袖手旁观。________________________， instead of standing by, we should give a hand.③很高兴收到你的来信。我想告诉你我最近读到的一个道德寓言故事。Glad to hear from you. I'd like to tell you something about ________________ I recently read.[名师指津] moral principles道德准则； moral dilemma 道德困境2)dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境)put sb. into a dilemma 使某人陷入困境in a dilemma 处于困境中[练透] 单句语法填空①When faced with ________ dilemma, we should think twice and make a right choice.②She was ________ a dilemma, wondering what to do next.[写美] 完成句子③我很感激你帮我摆脱了进退两难的境地。I am grateful that you helped me ____________________________ I was in.练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单词拼写1．At the moment, I am faced with lots of ________ (困境) and I am absolutely at a loss.2．________ (道德的) principles exist in every culture of the world.3．It is significant that ________ (微弱的) hope is better than none.4．Being friendly is a ________ (美德) that many Americans value highly.Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式1．她左右为难，不知是继续上学，还是找一份工作。She ____________________ as to whether to stay at school or get a job.2．这家餐馆有一种吸引人的、如家一般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆没有的。This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ______________________________．3．这个故事的寓意是，一个人必须从自己拥有的东西中看到美。__________________________ one must see the beauty in what one has.UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUESSection Ⅰ Listening and Speaking预学案听力词汇·清障1．moral 2.virtue 3.dilemma 4.in need 5.establish话题听力·体验答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B听力原文M：Hey, Carol. Where are you going in such a hurry W：Oh, hi, Sam. I'm sorry I can't stay and chat. I'm going to a cafe to meet the guy who found my phone.M：That's great news! I'm glad you are going to get it back.W：Yeah, I was really upset when I couldn't find it. Luckily, the last number I called was my office. He used my phone to call my office this morning, and told me that he found the phone in the movie theater.M：In the movie theater W：Yeah, I went to see a late movie last night with some friends. I guess this guy went to the first movie today.M：What are you going to do when you meet the guy W：Good question. I will thank him for giving my phone back to me. Do you think that's enough M：Maybe you should offer him some money.W：I don't know. Maybe if he seems nice, I'll offer to buy him lunch. I'm kind of hungry anyway.主题语境·听说1．have many traditional virtues2．one of the most important virtues is honesty3．are known for4．of great importance to our society研学案探·听力发音技巧听词辨音1．①Could you come↗Monday, ↗Tuesday, or Wednesday ②Which country would you like to go to, ↗England, ↗Canada, or America ③They went to the library, ↗didn't they ④Help ↗yourself, please.⑤Do you go there by↗bike or by train ⑥Am I going to have a birthday ↗party 2．②③学· 语言要点知识1．①to take ②Faced with a moral dilemma ③a moral fable2．①a ②in ③get out of the dilemma练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单词拼写1．dilemmas 2.Moral 3.faint 4.virtueⅡ.固定搭配和句式1．was in a dilemma2．that/which many others are short of3．The moral of this story is that单元素养评价（二） UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES授课提示：对应单元素养评价卷9页（满分：150分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．What is Mr. Stone？( )A．A doctor. B．A nurse.C．A secretary.答案：A2．Why did the man sell his car？( )A．He doesn't like it. B．He is going abroad.C．It's too old.答案：B3．What makes the boy worried？( )A．Maths test. B．English exam.C．His headache.答案：A4．What does the man advise the girl to do？( )A．Listen more. B．Speak more.C．Write more.答案：A5．What are they doing？( )A．Waiting for a friend. B．Waiting for a bus.C．Visiting a zoo.答案：B第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6．Why did the woman come to the man？( )A．To work for him.B．To make friends with him.C．To interview him.答案：C7．Where does the man work now？( )A．In America. B．In Australia.C．In England.答案：C8．When did the man begin to live in the place？( )A．When he studied in university.B．After he graduated from university.C．Before he went to college.答案：A听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9．What did the man look like when the woman came so late？( )A．He was calm. B．He was a bit angry.C．He was pitiful.答案：B10．What day was it when the story took place？( )A．It was Saturday. B．It was Sunday.C．It was Thursday.答案：B11．When should the appointment be？( )A．More than an hour ago.B．Two hours ago.C．Half an hour ago.答案：A听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12．What's Timmy's main purpose at the moment？( )A．To make some new friends.B．To go to some concerts.C．To learn from others.答案：C13．What were they both weak in？( )A．Sports. B．Music.C．Theory of music.答案：C14．Whom would they turn to？( )A．Timmy's uncle. B．Lily's uncle.C．Their teacher.答案：A听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15．Where does the man want to go？( )A．To a concert. B．To a movie.C．To a lecture.答案：C16．What is the problem with taking the shuttle bus？( )A.The bus doesn't go directly to the Music Building.B．The bus goes slowly to the Music Building.C．The bus will not come for a while.答案：C17．What does the man finally decide to do？( )A．Walk. B．Wait for the bus.C．Think of another plan.答案：A听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Which stamp was hard to find for Victor？( )A．A special French stamp of 1954.B．A special French stamp of 1974.C．A special French stamp of 2004.答案：B19．How did Victor get the special stamp？( )A．He bought it in the post office.B．He borrowed from a friend of his.C．His penfriend gave it to him.答案：C20．Which country could Victor live in？( )A．England. B．Canada.C．America.答案：C听力材料(Text 1)M：I'd like to see Mr. Stone. I hear he is an expert on heart disease.W：I'm sorry，Mr. Stone will be busy the whole afternoon. He is having a medical conference. Can you manage it at 10：30 tomorrow morning (Text 2)M：I'm so tired. I've spent the entire morning in selling my car.W：Selling your car Don't you like it or isn't it new M：No，my company is moving me to Europe next month. So I intend to buy a new one over there.(Text 3)W：What's the matter，Tom You look unhappy.M：No，not really. I'm only worrying about my maths exam.(Text 4)W：I find listening most difficult. What can I do M：Don't worry. Listen to English tapes every day, and you will make great progress. The more you listen，the easier you will find it.(Text 5)W：Excuse me. Have you been waiting long M：About ten minutes.W：Did you notice whether the No.7 bus had gone by M：Not while I've been standing here. I'm waiting for the Number Seven myself.(Text 6)W：Hello，Mike! Can you spare me a few minutes M：Yes, please.W：My name is Kate and I'm sent here to have an interview with you.M：Glad to meet you!W：Judging from your accent，you are from America M：Right. But I have lived here for more than ten years.W：Wow, over ten years Then you came to live here after your graduation from university.M：Oh，no. I began to live here when I went to study in Oxford University. There I met my wife，Sharon. After graduation，I married Sharon and began to work here.W：However, why haven't you changed your accent in so many years M：Maybe I was influenced too much by American language.W：You must be used to the life here，aren't you M：Quite right. I'm used to living here.(Text 7)W：I'm terribly sorry I'm late.M：Oh，that's all right. It doesn't really matter，does it I haven't got anything better to do，have I W：Just let me explain，will you M：I have only been waiting for over an hour. That's all.W：Yes，I know and I would have...M：After all, my time isn't really that important, is it W：Please don't be like that. Just let me explain. I．.. I tried to get here in time but just after I left home，the car broke down.M：The car broke down W：Yes，and... well... Luckily... there was a garage near me. And it took them a while to repair it.M：Which garage W：The one near my flat, you know. Lewis Brothers. Well, let's have something to eat. What about some...M：I know the garage very well!W：Yes. Let's see now. Yes，I think I'll have some...M：A pity it's Sunday. The garage is closed on Sunday!(Text 8)M：Now we have five－day classes every week，so we have more spare time than before.W：How do you spend your spare time，Timmy M：I have interest in playing the violin and I'll continue to practise playing it.W：Do you often take part in a concert M：Yes, I like listening to some music. At present my major objective is to learn from others.W：Do you like classical music or pop M：I like both. How do you spend your spare time then，Lily W：Playing the piano is my favorite activity.M：Our hobbies are similar to each other. I hope we can often exchange experience together.W：So do I，but I'm weak in the theory of music.M：Me too. Would you like to go with me to see my uncle He's a professor of the Institute of Music.W：I'm glad to go with you. I would ask him for some advice.(Text 9)M：Can you tell me how to get to the Music Building from here I have a lecture to attend there.W：Oh，are you new here M：Yes, I just got here last night.W：Well, to go to the Music Building, you have two choices. If you want to go right now，you can walk straight down this street until a post office, and then turn right. The Music Building will be straight ahead.M：How long will it take me to get there W：About twenty minutes.M：What's the other choice W：If you don't mind waiting around for a while, you can take the shuttle bus. The bus only takes about five minutes to get there.M：Well，I guess I might as well walk.(Text 10)Victor's hobby was collecting stamps. He had stamps from other countries, like England，Canada and China. On his birthday，can you guess what people gave him That's right—stamps.Victor's favourite stamps came from France. He had almost every stamp from 1954 to 2009. He only needed one. That was a 1974 special edition. It was very hard to find.He looked for it everywhere. He asked his friends and relatives to help him. But nobody could find the stamp. It made Victor very sad.“Don't worry. Never give up，” his father said to him.“If you have enough patience，you'll find one one day.”“I hope so，” Victor said.Victor also liked writing. He had a penfriend in France. They wrote to each other every month. Victor's penfriend, Phillip, usually used new stamps to send letters. Sometimes, his mother gave him some stamps. Once Phillip's mother gave him a big，green stamp. It looked old. When Victor received the letter, he was very surprised.He looked carefully at the stamp. It was the 1974 special edition stamp. Victor was so happy. He told his sister, his mother and his father.“You see，” his father said, “you did find your stamp. So, it's good to have two things in life.”“What are they？” Victor asked.“Friends and patience，” his father answered.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExciting Community Events in New York CityThere are many community events in New York City that cater to different citizens. From cultural festivals to fitness classes, there is something for everyone to enjoy and connect with their neighbors. Here are some of them.The community picnic in Central ParkTime: Saturday, 11：00 am—3：00 pmLocation: Central Park, Great LawnJoin us for a fun-filled day of food, games and live music at our annual community picnic. Bring your family and friends for a memorable day in the heart of the city!The artisan market at Union SquareTime: Sunday, 10：00 am—6：00 pmLocation: Union Square, ManhattanDiscover unique handmade goods and delicious treats at the market. Support local artists and vendors （小贩） while enjoying the lively atmosphere of Union Square.The fitness training camp in BrooklynTime: Saturday, 9：00 am—11：00 amLocation: Prospect Park, BrooklynGet your heart racing with a high-energy fitness training camp in the scenic surroundings of Prospect Park. All fitness levels are welcome to join this inspiring workout session.The cultural dance performance at Lincoln CenterTime: Friday，7：00 am—9：00 pmLocation: Lincoln CenterExperience the rich diversity of cultural dance performances from around the world at Lincoln Center. Allow yourself to be attracted by the beauty and artistry of traditional and contemporary dance forms. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了纽约市的一些社区活动，包括中央公园的社区野餐、联合广场的手工艺市场、布鲁克林的健身训练营和林肯中心的文化舞蹈表演。21．What can you do at the community picnic？( )A．Hold races. B．Play games.C．Ride bikes. D．Produce goods.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章“The community picnic in Central Park”部分中的“Join us for a fun-filled day of food, games and live music at our annual community picnic.”可知，在社区野餐活动中，你可以玩游戏。故选B。22．Where is the fitness training camp located？( )A．In Central Park. B．At Union Square.C．In Prospect Park. D．At Lincoln Center.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章“The fitness training camp in Brooklyn”部分中的“Location: Prospect Park, Brooklyn”可知，健身训练营位于布鲁克林的展望公园。故选C。23．Which event lasts the longest time？( )A．The community picnic.B．The artisan market.C．The fitness training camp.D．The cultural dance performance.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章“The community picnic in Central Park”部分中的“Time: Saturday, 11：00 am—3：00 pm”可知这个活动持续时间为4小时；根据“The artisan market at Union Square”部分中的“Time: Sunday, 10：00 am—6：00 pm”可知这个活动持续时间为8小时；根据“The fitness training camp in Brooklyn”部分中的“Time: Saturday，9：00 am—11：00 am”可知这个活动持续时间为2小时；根据“The cultural dance performance at Lincoln Center”部分中的“Time: Friday，7：00 am—9：00 pm”可知，文化舞蹈表演的活动持续时间为14小时，时间最长。故选D。BSome of the classrooms at Taft Elementary in Santa Clara, California, have one disadvantage in common: They don't have windows. That's true for Logan Earnest's fifth grade classroom, and he felt it was affecting his students.“Most of the day, they're inside，” Earnest told CBS News. “And they don't really get to see any trees, grass, or the blue sky.” He said the gray walls could be depressing to the kids and may affect their attention and even their attendance.This was confirmed by former school psychologist Ernesto Rodriguez, who said the lack of windows does affect kids, because research shows being in and around nature eases anxiety and benefits students. Though no longer a practicing psychologist, perhaps he knows now more than ever the impact nature has on mental health. Rodriguez became a park ranger （公园管理员） on Southern California's Catalina Island and began focusing on his passion—landscape photography.It was during his training to become a park ranger that he learned a fact that kids who have views out windows to trees do better academically, emotionally and creatively. So an idea to bring nature into rooms occurred to him: Why not bring landscapes in classrooms—via the ceiling （天花板）， because teachers don't typically use them.Rodriguez took 360 degree shots of tree canopies （树冠） using his photography skills, then he printed them and fit them onto the classroom ceiling of Earnest's fifth grade. “Beautiful，”one student said as she entered the room. Another student said the trees brought him peace, “When you look up, it feels like you're sitting under a tree.”Earnest said he thought there would be many positive effects on his students. “I think my attendance is going to go up. The kids are going to want to come here more frequently. Overall, I think the kids are going to be happier，” he said.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ernesto Rodriguez将风景“带进”教室，让孩子们能够在没有窗户的教室里接触到自然的故事。24．What is the common challenge shared by some classrooms at Taft Elementary？( )A．Lack of fresh air.B．Absence of windows.C．Insufficient lighting.D．Limited access to technology.答案：B解析：细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Some of the classrooms at Taft Elementary in Santa Clara, California, have one disadvantage in common: They don't have windows.”可知，这个学校的一些教室面临的一个共同的挑战是它们都没有窗户。故选B。25．Why did Ernesto Rodriguez bring landscapes into classrooms？( )A．To connect the students with nature.B．To promote his photography skills.C．To improve the teachers' performance.D．To create an exciting environment for the students.答案：A解析：推理判断题。由文章第三段、第四段中“It was during his training to become a park ranger that he learned a fact that kids who have views out windows to trees do better academically, emotionally and creatively.”可知，Ernesto Rodriguez 将风景“带进”教室是为了将学生和自然联系在一起。接触大自然对孩子们的身心健康有益。故选A。26．How did the students react to Rodriguez's pictures on the classroom ceiling？( )A．They did not notice the change.B．They failed to concentrate on lessons.C．They preferred the original gray ceiling.D．They were in favour of the new additions.答案：D解析：推理判断题。文章第五段中“‘Beautiful，’ one student said as she entered the room. Another student said the trees brought him peace, ‘When you look up, it feels like you're sitting under a tree.’”引用的两个学生的评价可知，他们对教室天花板上的风景是很喜欢的。故选D。27．What's Logan Earnest's attitude towards the change in the classroom？( )A．Cautious and objective.B．Appreciative and supportive.C．Concerned but doubtful.D．Curious but unsure.答案：B解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段中Logan Earnest的话“I think my attendance is going to go up. The kids are going to want to come here more frequently. Overall, I think the kids are going to be happier”可知，他对教室里的改变是持欣赏和赞同的态度的。故选B。CThe belief that failure leads to success may be both inaccurate and damaging to society, according to a research published by the American Psychological Association. Researchers conducted 11 experiments with more than 1，800 participants across many fields and compared national statistics （统计数字） to the participants' responses.In one experiment, participants greatly overestimated （高估） the percentage of future nurses, lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them. “People expect success to follow failure much more often than it actually does，” said lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler. “People usually assume that past behavior predicts （预测） future behavior, so it's surprising that we often believe the opposite when it comes to succeeding after failure.”In some experiments, participants wrongly assumed that people pay attention to their mistakes and learn from them. In one test, nurses overestimated how much their colleagues would learn from a past error. “People often confuse reality with what ought to be，” Eskreis-Winkler said. “People ought to pay attention and learn from failure, but often they don't do so because failure make people lose motivation （动力）.”While telling people they will directly succeed after failure may make them feel better, that the idea can damage real-world results. In one experiment, participants assumed that heart patients would accept healthier lifestyles, but in reality, many of them don't. People who believe that problems will self-correct after failure are less motivated to help those in need. Why would we invest time or money to help struggling populations if we mistakenly believe that they will right themselves Failure is normal. However, people need to readjust their expectations when given information about the limited benefits of failure. And take positive measures to support those who have faced challenges.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国心理协会的一项研究表明失败导致成功的信念可能既不准确又对社会有害。28．How does the author introduce the topic？( )A．By providing a research result.B．By describing a process.C．By imagining a scene.D．By giving an example.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The belief that failure leads to success may be both inaccurate and damaging to society, according to a research published by the American Psychological Association.”可知，作者是通过提供一个研究结果来引出话题的。故选A。29．Why do people often fail to learn from their mistakes according to the text？( )A．They tend to forget their mistakes.B．They lack the opportunity to learn.C．They believe failure is a negative experience.D．They assume past success predicts future success.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“‘People often confuse reality with what ought to be，’ Eskreis-Winkler said. ‘People ought to pay attention and learn from failure, but often they don't do so because failure make people lose motivation.’”可知，人们往往不会从错误中汲取教训是因为他们认为失败是一种消极的经历。故选C。30．What does the author mainly try to do in the last paragraph？( )A．Make a promise. B．Give warnings.C．Present a fact. D．Offer advice.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Failure is normal. However, people need to readjust their expectations when given information about the limited benefits of failure. And take positive measures to support those who have faced challenges.”可知，文章最后一段作者提供了一些面对失败的建议。故选D。31．What is the main idea of the text？( )A．Benefits of failure are overestimated.B．Benefits of failure are limited.C．Failure makes people lose motivation.D．Failure leads to success.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。根据第一、二段可知，本文讲述了美国心理协会的一项研究表明失败导致成功的信念可能既不准确又对社会有害，因此，失败的益处被高估了。故选A。DHundreds of thousands of babies' lives could be saved in Uganda each year thanks to a Liverpool doctor's unique invention.The BabySaver, developed by Professor Andrew Weeks, is a simple plastic device （塑料设备） that can be used to resuscitate （使苏醒） babies. It costs less than ￡40 to produce and the aim is to ensure they are in place in every hospital in Uganda.Prof. Weeks is also the designer of a similar device called the LifeStart trolley, which is used in UK hospitals, but these machines can cost as much as $15，000. They also require electricity—something that is often unavailable （不可获得的） for the thousands of babies that are born at home in many areas in Uganda.Prof. Weeks explained: “Each year about six million babies across the world require basic newborn resuscitation and around 900，000 of these will die. The majority of deaths occur （出现） in low-income settings. Where resuscitation does occur, it often happens away from the mother, or even in another room, which can be very perilous for the mother and baby. The BabySaver enables resuscitation to take place at the bedside, allowing doctors and nurses to stay with the mother at this high-risk time for her and the baby.”The product has been developed with the help of Dr. James Ditai and Peter Watt, a design engineer, after trials （试验） with doctors and patients at the Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Uganda. Peter said: “We truly believe it will be a game-changer for families across Uganda, and even further afield.”Dr. Kathy Burgoine, Head of the Neonatal Unit at MRRH said: “We are happy to be supporting Prof. Weeks and his team with this project. It is a life-saver in our hospitals.”Further testing of the product will now take place to improve it. The final product will be made in Uganda and handed out across the country.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。Andrew Weeks教授研发低成本新生儿复苏设备，为拯救乌干达无数新生儿的生命带来了希望。32．What is an advantage of the BabySaver？( )A．It is suitable for family use.B．It is safe for doctors and nurses.C．It can be equipped at a low cost.D．It can be an electric-only device.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It costs less than ￡40 to produce”以及第三段中的“a similar device called the LifeStart trolley...can cost as much as $15，000”可知，制造BabySaver设备的成本很低。33．What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 4 mean？( )A．Dangerous. B．Expensive.C．Necessary. D．Important.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“it often happens away from the mother, or even in another room”和下文中的“this high-risk time for her and the baby”可知，新生儿复苏对母亲和婴儿都非常危险，由此可推知perilous意为“危险的”。34．What is Peter's attitude toward the BabySaver？( )A．Doubtful. B．Concerned.C．Uninterested. D．Hopeful.答案：D解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的Peter said: “We truly believe it will be a game-changer for families across Uganda, and even further afield.”可知，Peter对BabySaver设备充满期待。further afield意为“去远处；在远方。”35．How did MRRH support Prof. Weeks？( )A．By training volunteers for him.B．By raising money for the project.C．By actively testing the BabySaver.D．By promoting the BabySaver online.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“after trials with doctors and patients at the Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Uganda”可知，MRRH的医生和患者测试了BabySaver设备。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Good etiquette （礼仪） is the oil that keeps society running well, which is a list of agreed-upon social rules that let everyone know what to expect when they interact with others. 36( ) Write complete sentences for email, but not texts37( ) Thus, it's fine to ignore strict grammar rules when you send a text. Texts are supposed to be short and can use pictures and punctuation （标点符号） is often omitted （省略）. Emails, on the other hand, are still a bit more formal. They generally contain more texts. This means you should write in complete sentences with good grammar, spelling and punctuation. Don't say yes when you mean noA common etiquette mistake people make is not being honest and instead saying “yes” or “maybe” when what they really mean is “no”. Actually, it's good manners to say “no” when you can't do something. 38( ) However, they will understand finally. The trick is to learn how to say no or refuse an invitation without apologizing but in a way that is still polite and respectful. Walk with the flowIn most places, it's considered polite to keep to the right on sidewalks, stairs and trails, allowing people to pass you on the left. You should keep moving with the flow. 39( ) If you need to stop, step to the side, and don't block building entrances. Be on timeSometimes being late is just a bad case, but if you're late often, it says that your time is more important than everyone else's. 40( ) If something has come up, you should let people know. But if it's an ongoing problem, you should make a real effort to learn to stop being late.A．It is a good way to show your honesty.B．Polite manners say you should try to be on time.C．Texts are significant for people to communicate.D．Texting has made communicating very informal.E．Here are various recommendations that may help you.F．People may be disappointed with you at first.G．Be careful not to block the sidewalk with a large group.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就良好礼仪提出了一些建议。36．答案：E解析：上文“Good etiquette （礼仪） is the oil that keeps society running well, which is a list of agreed—upon social rules that let everyone know what to expect when they interact with others.”提到良好的礼仪的作用，下文对此介绍了一些建议，E项“这里有一些建议可能会对你有所帮助。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。37．答案：D解析：根据下文“Thus, it's fine to ignore strict grammar rules when you send a text.”说明发短信没有那么正式。故选D。38．答案：F解析：上文“Actually, it's good manners to say ‘no’ when you can't do something.”提到拒绝别人，结合下文的转折“However, they will understand finally.”可知，空处是说人们一开始不理解，F项“一开始人们可能会对你失望。”符合语境。故选F。39．答案：G解析：下文“If you need to stop, step to the side, and don't block building entrances.”提到需要停下来时的正确做法，走到旁边停下来而不是挡住入口，G项“注意不要让一大群人挡住人行道。”与下文语义一致。故选G。40．答案：B解析：根据本段小标题“Be on time”可知，本段关于良好礼仪的建议是要守时，B项“礼貌要求你尽量准时。”符合本段主题。故选B。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The animal shelter where I worked received an old, blind dog. Based on her condition, we did not have much 41 that the dog we named Tabby would find a home.One day, a mom named Loretta 42 the shelter with Andrew, her son who suffered from seizures （癫痫）. It was this boy who had 43 Tabby on the shelter website. What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs. With the 44 boy, this well-meaning family 45 seemed like the perfect fit for Tabby. But the child would not 46 without his dog. So Tabby was officially their dog.Tabby's 47 was not yet finished. Through 48 ， Loretta told us about the connection that had developed between her son and Tabby. Once Andrew suffered from four or more seizures a day, 49 he had not had a single one since Tabby came home. So concerned was he for Tabby's 50 that he did not think about his seizures at all.The seizures did eventually 51 ， but fewer in number and 52 between. Then something truly 53 happened. Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure. This made it possible for him to 54 by getting into a safe place and position. So Tabby, a dog with so many challenges and few options, not only found her perfect home but her perfect 55 ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一只盲狗Tabby被收养后的生活，以及它如何成为主人的守护者，给予主人警告，帮助他应对癫痫发作。41．( )A.hope B．doubtC．fear D．duty答案：A解析：句意：根据她的情况，我们对这条我们称为塔比的狗能找到一个家没有抱太大的希望。 根据上文“The animal shelter where I worked received an old, blind dog.”可知，由于小狗看不见，作者他们对于小狗找到一个家并不抱太大希望。故选A。42．( )A.put up B．came byC．ran for D．looked after答案：B解析：句意：一天，一位名叫洛雷塔的母亲带着安德鲁来到了收容所，安德鲁是她的儿子，患有癫痫。 根据下文“It was this boy who had 43 Tabby on the shelter website.”可知，这是因为安德鲁在网站上发现了这条小狗，所以洛雷塔带着安德鲁来到了收容所。故选B。43．( )A.recognized B．attractedC．noticed D．contacted答案：C解析：句意：正是这个男孩在收容所的网站上注意到了塔比。根据下文“What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs.”可知，网站上关于塔比的介绍上的注释吸引了安德鲁的注意，说明这个男孩在收容所的网站上注意到了塔比。故选C。44．( )A.sick B．naughtyC．curious D．frank答案：A解析：句意：有了这个生病的男孩，这个善意的家庭似乎不太适合塔比。 根据上文“her son who suffered from seizures （癫痫）”可知，安德鲁患有癫痫，因此他是一个生病的孩子。故选A。45．( )A.rather B．hardlyC．still D．nearly答案：B解析：句意：有了这个生病的男孩，这个善意的家庭似乎不太适合塔比。 根据上文“One day, a mom named Loretta 42 the shelter with Andrew, her son who suffered from seizures （癫痫）.”可知，这家的小男孩安德鲁患有癫痫，而小狗塔比也看不见，所以这个家庭似乎不太适合收养这条小狗。故选B。46．( )A.leave B．recoverC．speak D．focus答案：A解析：句意：但这个孩子没有他的狗就不会离开。 根据下文“So Tabby was officially their dog.”可知，他们收养了塔比，所以安德鲁没有他的狗就不会离开收容所。故选A。47．( )A.programme B．eventC．story D．life答案：C解析：根据下文“Through 48 ， Loretta told us about the connection that had developed between her son and Tabby.”可知，塔比的故事还没有结束，后面将继续讲述它和安德鲁的故事。故选C。48．( )A.stages B．difficultiesC．changes D．tears答案：D解析：句意：含着眼泪，洛雷塔告诉我们她儿子和塔比之间建立的联系。 根据下文“The seizures did eventually 51 ， but fewer in number and 52 between.”可知，塔比的到来让安德鲁的癫痫得到了控制，所以洛雷塔非常的感动，此处表示她带着感动的眼泪告诉作者她儿子和塔比之间建立的联系。故选D。49．( )A.so B．butC．and D．or答案：B解析：句意：安德鲁曾经一天发作四次或更多次癫痫，但自从塔比回家后，他一次也没有发作过。 根据上文“Once Andrew suffered from four or more seizures a day”和下文“he had not had a single one since Tabby came home”可知，前后两句之间构成转折关系，说明“The seizures did eventually 51 ， but fewer in number and 52 between. Then something truly 53 happened.”曾经一天发作四次或更多次癫痫，但自从塔比回家后，他一次也没有发作过。故选B。50．( )A.strengths B．diseaseC．needs D．age答案：C解析：句意：他非常关心塔比的需求，以至于他根本没有想过自己的癫痫。 根据上文“What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs.”可知，塔比有特殊需求，因此安德鲁非常关心它的需求。故选C。51．( )A.worsen B．returnC．disappear D．spread答案：B解析：句意：癫痫发作最终又回来了，但次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。 根据上文“The seizures did eventually”和下文“but fewer in number and 52 between.”可知，安德鲁癫痫发作的次数减少了，说明不是癫痫不发作了。所以此处表示癫痫发作最终又回来了。故选B。52．( )A.farther B．milderC．shorter D．sharper答案：A解析：根据上文“but fewer in number”可知，安德鲁癫痫发作的次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。故选A。53．( )A.typical B．accidentalC．formal D．magical答案：D解析：根据下文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这是一件神奇的事情。故选D。54．( )A.escape B．wakeC．prepare D．explore答案：C解析：句意：这使得他能够通过进入一个安全的地方和位置来做准备。 根据上文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这使得他能够提前做准备。故选C。55．( )A.hero B．requestC．boss D．job答案：D解析：句意：所以塔比，一只面临如此多挑战和选择有限的狗，不仅找到了它完美的家，而且找到了它完美的工作。 根据上文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这使得安德鲁能够提前做准备，因此塔比找到了一份完美的工作，即作为安德鲁的癫痫发作预警犬。故选D。第二节（共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分15分）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just 56. (fly) off. All of a sudden, there was sky 57. the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze.At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. 58. a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and 59. (look) out for Smartie. He had disappeared 60. moment the storm hit.Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the 61. (mosquito). But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay 62. (posit), though. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom's words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.Although it was only a few days before we were 63. (rescue), it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. 64. (Thankful), Smartie came home just in time. We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn't be back for quite a while.Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by 65. (remind) of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家人在经历了可怕的飓风后幸运得救，并在母亲的鼓励下团结一致共建家园的故事。56．答案：flew解析：句意：我正坐在房间里，腿上坐着我的猫Smartie，突然屋顶就飞走了。根据括号中的单词以及句意可知应填动词fly，事情发生在过去。故填flew。57．答案：where解析：句意：突然间，屋顶所在的地方出现了天空。此处引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故填where。58．答案：Without解析：句意：没有屋顶，待在屋里太危险了。根据上文“there was sky 57. the roof had been”可知，房子屋顶没有了，表示“没有”。故填Without。59．答案：looking解析：句意：我整天看着船在街上来来往往，留意寻找Smartie。根据下文“He had disappeared”可知猫不见了，动词短语look out for“留意”符合句意，此处为短语spend time doing sth.。 故填looking。60．答案：the解析：句意：他在暴风雨来袭的那一刻就失踪了。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”应用the moment引导时间状语从句。故填the。61．答案：mosquitoes/mosquitos解析：句意：生活在露天，我们成了蚊子的早餐、午餐和晚餐。可数名词，数量大于一应用复数。故填mosquitoes/mosquitos。62．答案：positive解析：句意：不过，要保持乐观是很难的。根据上文“see the good side of things”以及句意可知应填形容词作表语。故填positive。63．答案：rescued解析：句意：虽然只有几天就获救了，但感觉就像过了好几个月。we与rescue之间为被动关系。故填rescued。64．答案：Thankfully解析：句意：万幸的是，斯玛蒂及时回了家。应填副词thankfully“万幸地，万幸的是”，修饰后文句子，首字母大写。故填Thankfully。65．答案：reminders解析：句意：虽然我们周围的一切都提醒着我们这里曾发生的灾难，但我们正在共同努力重建家园和生活。为可数名词作宾语，数量大于一用复数形式。故填reminders。第四部分 写作（共两节， 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你所在的英语社团正在开展“我为英雄代言”的主题演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1．你要代言的英雄；2.英雄事迹；3.你的感想。注意：词数80左右。My Hero________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考范文：My HeroMany heroes have an enormous impact on my growth, one of whom is Lin Qiaozhi.It's universally acknowledged that Lin Qiaozhi is an expert in women's and children's disease. However, what's unknown is that she went through hardships one after another before she became a doctor. There was a time when girls had little access to schooling, but she made it. Later, she devoted all her life to the welfare project of women and children.Lin Qiaozhi has set a good example for us and we should learn determination and dedication from her. This is the true reason why I choose her as my hero.第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Frank threw himself into his seat in the back of the Milwaukee city bus along with several other high school boys. It was another cold, gray day.He still remembered his stomach chilling （使寒冷） into a frozen knot as he approached the locker room last month. He had read the team list posted on the locker room door, hoping, searching anxiously for his name. It hadn't been there. It was missing. He had felt suddenly as if he had ceased （停止） to exist. Become invisible.It wasn't easy starting a new school, especially for Frank because he had been a star athlete in all sports at elementary school. Now, it seemed, he was nothing.The bus came to a stop at the County Institutions grounds. A very pregnant woman hung onto the silver handrail （扶手） and slowly pulled herself onto the bus. As she fell backward into the seat behind the bus driver, her feet kicked up, and Frank saw that she wasn't wearing any shoes.The bus driver yelled over his shoulder, “Where are your shoes, lady It is freezing out there.”“I can't afford shoes，” the woman answered. “I got on the bus just to get my feet warm，” the woman continued. “If you don't mind, I'll just ride around with you for a bit.” Some of the boys at the back exchanged glances and rolled their eyes.The driver scratched （挠） his head and shouted, “Now just tell me how come you can't afford shoes？”“I got eight kids. They all got shoes. There's not enough left for me.”Frank looked down at his new Nike basketball shoes. His feet were warm and cozy. And then he looked back at the woman. Her socks were torn. Her coat, missing buttons, hung open around her stomach, as swollen （肿大的） as a basketball.Frank didn't hear anything around him after that. The word “invisible” popped into his mind again. An invisible person forgotten by society, but for a different reason, he thought.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。He would probably always be able to afford shoes, but she probably never would.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________He then hurried to the door when he heard the woman exclaim, “Thank you, young man.”________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考范文：He would probably always be able to afford shoes, but she probably never would.Looking around, nobody noticing him, he quietly took off his shoes. He would have to walk three blocks in the snow. But that would never bother him much. When the bus stopped at the end of the line, Frank waited until everyone else had emptied off. Then he reached under his seat and picked up his shoes. He walked quickly up to the woman and handed them to her, looking down and saying, “Here, lady, you need these more than I do.”He then hurried to the door when he heard the woman exclaim, “Thank you, young man.”She looked up at Frank with gratitude in her eyes. “You've brought a little warmth into my life，” she said. “I'll never forget your kindness.” He smiled and hurried off. He landed on the frozen snow. It didn't matter. He wasn't cold at all. The chill in his stomach faded away, replaced by a sense of purpose and joy. Frank realized that sometimes the smallest acts of kindness could make the biggest difference in the world.【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，一个阴冷的日子，弗兰克坐公共汽车回家，想到自己没有进入球队名单，心情沮丧。后来有一个孕妇上了公交汽车，弗兰克发现她没有穿鞋，司机询问她没有穿鞋的原因，原来是因为家里很贫困，有八个孩子需要供养。弗兰克不由地看了看自己的鞋子，意识到这个孕妇是被社会遗忘的隐形人。【详解】1．段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“他可能买得起鞋子，但她可能永远买不起。”可知，第一段可描写弗兰克决定把自己的鞋子送给孕妇，等到下车的时候悄悄交给她。②由第二段首句内容“他赶到门口，听到女人喊道：‘谢谢你，年轻人。’”可知，第二段可描写孕妇对于弗兰克表示感谢，他下了车虽然没有穿鞋却感觉到了温暖。2．续写线索：意识到女人的困境——决定送出鞋子——悄悄交出鞋子——女人说话——表示感谢——感受到温暖Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语预学案·知识为基课文原句观察并完成下列课文原句①...her brother complained, ________ (think) of the high tuition fees.②________ (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.③Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， ________________ (deliver) over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.④The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi ________ (play) a key role.自我感悟研学案·素养为本精讲精练探·语法课堂学习一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。1．在感官动词后作宾语补足语在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher doing the experiment.我们经过教室，看见老师正在做实验。Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.我们忽然听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。〖名师点津〗 在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的动词不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的动词不定式时，表示动作的全过程。Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.今天我在回家的路上，看到一个男人正匆忙地沿街跑着。I saw him enter the room and take something away.我看到他进入房间，并拿着东西离开了。All his attention was fixed on the movie, so he didn't even notice the boss enter the room.他所有的注意力都集中在电影上，所以他甚至没有注意到老板进了房间。2．在使役动词后作宾语补足语使役动词 have、 keep、 get、 leave等接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。It's cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你等了这么久。〖名师点津〗 (1)have/get＋sth.＋done意为“使某事被(他人)做”。He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.他明天让人给他修电脑。(2)have＋sb.＋do sth.意为“让某人去做某事”。Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。(3)leave (使……处于某种状态)、 keep (使……保持某种状态)后一般跟分词作补语，而不跟动词不定式。The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.公司破产了，促使她一直在找新的工作。即学即练1 单句语法填空_①Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English ________ (improve) in a short period.②One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog ________ (wander) on the road, clearly lost.③Mother has the little girl ________ (play) the piano this afternoon.④He needed to have some paperwork ________ (deliver) across the country the next day.⑤When the little girl found so many people ________ (surround) her, she felt very nervous.3．在with复合结构中的使用在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。With the College Entrance Examination drawing near, many of us feel nervous recently.最近，随着高考的临近，我们中有很多人都感到紧张。She said goodbye to her mother with tears filling her eyes．她与母亲告别，眼里满是泪水。〖名师点津〗 在with复合结构中，也可以使用过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语。All the afternoon, he worked with the door locked．整个下午，他都锁着门在房间里工作。I can't go out with all these clothes to wash．有这些衣服要洗，我无法出去了。即学即练2 单句语法填空①With the mid-term examination ________ (approach), she had butterflies in her stomach and couldn't sleep well.②China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognise) its role in international affairs.③All the afternoon he worked with the door ________ (lock).二、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。1．表示时间Seeing students study carefully online, we all feel delighted.→When we see students study carefully online, we all feel delighted.看到学生们在网课期间认真学习，我们感到非常欣慰。2．表示原因Having missed the last bus, Wang Ming had to take a taxi home.→As he had missed the last bus, Wang Ming had to take a taxi home.错过了末班车，王明只好打车回家。3．表示结果More highways have been built in China, which made it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.→More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们从一个地方到另一个地方的出行变得更容易了。名师点津 动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语时的区别：①动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表示强调；Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland．新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成梦幻般的地方。②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表示强调。The reporter hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left．那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。4．表示让步Being tired, they went on working.→Although they were tired, they went on working.尽管很累了， 可他们继续工作。5．表示方式或伴随状况He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time．→He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。6．表示条件Improving his skills, he will easily find a job.→If he improves his skills, he will easily find a job.如果他提高了自己的技能，他很容易就能找到工作。名师点津 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果动词-ing的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词-ing形式前加上其独立的逻辑主语，这便构成了动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，该结构在句中常作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.末班车已经开走了， 我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be held on Friday.天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。(permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match)即学即练3 单句语法填空①________ (realize) that many people were living a poor life, he determined to give away most of his money.②________ (know) that you are interested in it, I'm pleased to tell relevant information to you.③When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat ________ (look) at me with her bright eyes. [2023·浙江1月卷]④________ (see) the mess in the kitchen, he immediately understood what had happened.⑤________ (give) him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car and made a mad run for the bus. [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项1．现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. (walking与谓语动词met同时发生)走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well. (having lived是先发生， knew是后发生)因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。2．现在分词的否定式：not＋v.-ing; not having＋v.-edNot knowing the way, he got lost.由于不认路，他迷路了。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。名师点津 独立主格结构有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.-ing”。Time permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果时间允许，我们明天去拜访你。All students staring at her, Mary felt uneasy.所有的学生都盯着她看，玛丽感到不安。3．独立成分作状语有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般来说； strictly speaking严格来说； considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……； supposing假设，如果； providing如果； judging from/by根据……来判断。Honestly speaking, if you put your heart and soul into learning, English is not that difficult for you.诚实地说，如果你全身心地投入到学习中，英语对你来说就没那么难了。Judging from her reaction, she liked the birthday present.从她的反应来看，她喜欢这份生日礼物。即学即练4 单句语法填空①________ (fail) many times, he didn't lose heart.②________ (dress) up, we went out to have some good local food and enjoy the celebrations.③________ (warn) by the teacher, the students didn't make such mistakes.④Generally ________ (speak), women are more patient than men.⑤Not ________ (know) what to do, she came to ask for my advice.学·语言要点知识1)operation n.手术；企业；经营(1)perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术put sth. into operation 实施；运行(2)operate vt. & vi. 操作；运转；动手术operate on 给……做手术[练透] 单句语法填空①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart ________ (operate) soon.②To our great joy, the new machine is easy ________ (operate).[写美] 完成句子③这是一个绝妙的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人。It's a wonderful plan, and he is just the man ________________________．[图形助记] 2)whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传)(1)whisper to sb. 对某人耳语whisper sth. in/into one's ear 在某人耳边低声说某事(2)in a whisper＝in whispers 低声说[练透] 单句语法填空①When I came in, I saw Linda ________ (whisper) to her classmate.②The little girl spoke almost in ________ (whisper). She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes.[写美] 句型转换③They sat at the back of the room, talking in a low voice.→They sat at the back of the room, ________________________.[图形助记] 3)assist vt.帮助；援助)(2)assistance n. 援助；帮助come to one's assistance 帮助某人[练透] 单句语法填空①John was quite pleased to assist Bernard ________ making and selling popcorn in the market. With the ________ (assist) of John, Bernard's popcorn sold well.②________ (assist) dogs are trained to help the disabled to live a more independent life.[写美] 完成句子③当梅尔往下走的时候，我大声呼救，其他登山者也来帮助我。(读后续写之动作描写)As Mel made her way down, I shouted for help, and other climbers ________________．[名师指津] “在某人帮助下” 这样表达：with one's help/assistance; with the help/assistance of4)in memory of作为对……的纪念)in honour of 纪念；向……表示敬意in search of 寻找in charge of 负责；掌管in need of 需要[练透] 选用右栏短语补全下列句子①The manager coming from Italy is ____________ the company.②People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival ____________________ Qu Yuan, who was a famous Chinese poet.③Having been bitten in the leg, he had to go to the mountain ____________ medicine.[写美] 完成句子④许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students ________________．练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．________ (praise) by the teacher, he formed the good habit of thinking by himself.2．________ (look) around, I found there was no one nearby to turn to for help.3．Tom slowly walked away, ________ (complain) about the cold weather.4．After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice ________ (call) him.5．All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, ________ (say) that I had a talent for football.Ⅱ.用动词-ing形式作状语改写下列句子1．When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.→____________________， they stopped talking.2．As he was ill, the little John didn't go to school yesterday.→____________________， the little John didn't go to school yesterday.3．Her husband died last year; as a result, he left her with three children.→Her husband died last year, ______________________________________．4．As spring comes on, everything comes back to life and the trees turn green.→____________________， everything comes back to life and the trees turn green.Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语预学案①thinking ②Thinking ③having delivered ④playing自我感悟④； ①②③研学案探·语法课堂学习[即学即练1] ①improved ②wandering ③play ④delivered⑤surrounding[即学即练2] ①approaching ②recognising ③locked[即学即练3] ①Realizing ②Knowing ③looking④Seeing ⑤Giving[即学即练4] ①Having failed ②Having dressed③Having been warned ④speaking ⑤knowing学· 语言要点知识1．①operation ②to operate ③to put it into operation2．①whispering ②whispers ③talking in a whisper/whispers3．①in; assistance ②Assistance ③came to assist me4．①in charge of ②in memory of/in honour of ③in search of ④in need of financial aid练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Having been praised 2.Looking 3.complaining 4.calling5．sayingⅡ.用动词-ing形式作状语改写下列句子1．Hearing the knock on the door2．Being ill3．leaving her with three children4．Spring coming on 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking.docx Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking.docx Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语.docx Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing.docx Section Ⅴ Writing——如何写道德寓言故事的评论.docx 单元素养评价（二） UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES.docx
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