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2026年中考英语语法复习·简单句&并列句
一、核心考点精讲
（一）简单句核心知识总表
简单句类型 构成规则 中考高频考点 典型例句
陈述句（肯定/否定） 肯定：主语+谓语+其他；否定：be动词/情态动词+not；实义动词+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t；全部否定/部分否定词+谓语 部分否定与全部否定的区别、否定转移、否定副词的用法 ① All that glitters is not gold.（部分否定）② We don’t believe that he can do it.（否定转移）
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序；who/whose作主语时用陈述句语序；含插入语时：疑问词+do you think+陈述句语序 疑问词（how often/how long/how far等）的辨析、含插入语的语序 ① When do you think he will come （含插入语）② How far is it from your school to the museum （疑问词辨析）
否定疑问句 be动词/情态动词+not+主语+其他；实义动词：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+主语+动词原形+其他 以事实为依据的回答原则（yes/no的正确使用） —Isn't she a doctor —Yes, she is.（不，她是。）
反义疑问句 前肯后否、前否后肯；回答遵循事实原则；特殊结构（have/used to/there be/祈使句等） 特殊结构的反义疑问构成、否定转移后的反义疑问、否定副词后的疑问形式 ① You had better take off your shoes, hadn’t you ② I don’t think he can finish the work, can he
祈使句 肯定：动词原形+其他；否定：Don’t/Never+动词原形+其他；特殊结构：祈使句+and/or+一般将来时 否定祈使句构成、and/or连接的祈使句结构 ① Work hard or you will fail the exam. ② Don’t talk loudly in the library.
感叹句 What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！；How+adj./adv.+(主语+谓语)！ what与how的辨析、a/an的正确使用 ① What an exciting basketball game it is! ② How beautiful the city is!
（二）简单句分类型精讲
1. 简单句的否定形式
否定类型 标志词/结构 例句 中考易错提醒
全部否定 neither/neither…nor（两者）；none/nobody/no one/nothing（三者及以上） ① Neither of them speaks English. ② None of the answers is right. neither…nor连接主语时遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致
部分否定 not+both/all/many/every；all/both+not ① Not both of them will attend the meeting. ② All that glitters is not gold. 避免误将“all…not”译为“所有都不”，实际为“并非所有都”
否定副词否定 rarely/hardly/seldom/never/few/little ① He hardly speaks English. ② I never like to watch boring movies. 此类词本身含否定含义，后续反义疑问句用肯定形式；few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词
否定转移 主语为第一人称+think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine+that从句 ① We don’t believe that he can do it. ② I don’t suppose she will come. 否定词转移到主句，反义疑问句反问从句；主语为二、三人称时不转移，反问主句
2. 简单句的疑问形式
（1）特殊疑问句
规则：① 疑问词分类：疑问代词（who/whose/what/which等，作主语/宾语/定语）、疑问副词（when/where/why/how等，作状语）；② 含插入语（do you think/suppose/say）时，插入语后用陈述句语序；③ who/whose作主语时，无需倒装，直接用陈述句语序。
考查场景 结构公式 中考例句 易错提醒
普通特殊疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句语序 —How often do you tidy your own room —Twice a week. 区分how often（频率）/how long（时长）/how far（距离）/how soon（多久后）
含插入语 疑问词+do you think+陈述句语序 What job did you mention he does 插入语后不可用疑问句语序（错误：What job did you mention does he do ）
who/whose作主语 who/whose+陈述句语序 ① Who is in the classroom ② Whose father works in Beijing 无需加助动词do/does/did，直接用“疑问词+谓语+其他”
（2）反义疑问句
原则：① 结构原则：前肯后否、前否后肯；② 回答原则：无论问句形式如何，均以事实为依据（肯定事实用yes，否定事实用no）。
特殊结构类型 构成规则 中考例句 易错提醒
含have的反义疑问 have表“有”：用have/has/had+not或do/does/did+not；表“非有”（如吃饭、遭遇）：必用do/does/did+not ① You have a car, don’t you/haven’t you ② She had her watch stolen, didn’t she 区分have的不同含义，避免统一用have/has/had构成反义疑问
had better的反义疑问 固定用hadn’t you You had better take off your shoes, hadn’t you 不可用don’t you，牢记固定搭配
There be句型 用be动词的对应否定形式+there There won’t be any trouble, will there 疑问部分主语为there，与主句be动词时态一致
used to的反义疑问 英式：usedn’t he/she/it；美式：didn’t he/she/it（中考均认可） He used to live in London, usedn’t he/didn’t he 两种形式均可，无需纠结英式美式差异
含否定副词 前句含否定副词（never/hardly等），疑问部分用肯定形式 He has few buddies on QQ, does he 牢记否定副词的否定属性，避免误用否定疑问
祈使句 Let’s…：shall we；其他祈使句：will you ① Open the window, will you ② Let’s go for a walk, shall we 区分Let’s与Let us，Let us的反义疑问仍用will you
否定转移 主句主语为第一人称，疑问部分反问从句；二、三人称反问主句 ① I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ② You don’t think he can finish, do you 根据主句主语判断反问对象，避免一律反问主句
3. 祈使句与感叹句
（1）祈使句
结构：① 肯定祈使句：动词原形+宾语/状语（省略主语you）；② 否定祈使句：Don’t/Never+动词原形+其他；③ 特殊结构：祈使句+and/or+一般将来时（and表顺承，or表“否则”）。
类型 中考例句 易错提醒
肯定祈使句 Finish what you start today. 不可加主语you（错误：You finish what you start today.）
否定祈使句 Don’t stay inside because of the heavy rain. 否定词用Don’t而非Not（错误：Not stay inside...）
特殊结构 Hurry up, or you will miss the beginning of the concert. 区分and与or的含义，避免混淆逻辑关系
（2）感叹句
区分：what修饰名词（短语），how修饰形容词/副词；名词为可数单数时需加a/an，不可数名词或复数名词不加。
引导词 结构公式 中考例句 易错提醒
what What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！ ① What exciting news! ② What beautiful flowers they are! 不可数名词（如news）前不加a/an；可数单数名词前必须加a/an
how How+adj./adv.+(主语+谓语)！ ① How important it is for kids to imagine freely! ② How fast he runs! how后直接接形容词/副词，不可接名词（错误：How an exciting game!）
4. 并列句
由并列连词连接两个或两个以上简单句（分句）构成，各分句地位平等，语义关联。中考重点考查并列连词的语境选用，需区分不同连词的逻辑关系。
并列连词 逻辑关系 中考例句 中考易错提醒
and 顺承、并列、递进 ① We’re here anyway and that’s lucky. ② I said it and I mean it. 不可用于否定句中替代or（错误：I don’t like coffee and tea.）
but 转折、对比 ① They see the trees but not the forest. ② There will still be difficulties but we can manage. 避免与though/although连用（though本身含转折含义，不可叠加）
or 选择、转折（否则） ① The sea can be blue or grey. ② Hurry or you will miss the train. 否定句中连接并列成分用or，表“和”（相当于肯定句中的and）
so 因果（表结果） ① You are not listening, so I’ll shut up. ② The play began at eight, so we must have dinner at seven. 不可与because连用（because表原因，so表结果，语义重复）
for 因果（表补充说明的原因） ① It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. ② The days were short, for it was now December. 不可置于句首引导原因（句首原因用because/as/since）
三、中考易错点
易错点类型 误区示例（错误） 正确示例 关键提醒
否定句中and/or混淆 1. I don’t like noodles and my cousin doesn’t like them, too.
2. He doesn’t like coffee and tea. 1. I don’t like noodles and my cousin doesn’t like them, either. 2. He doesn’t like coffee or tea. 否定句中连接并列成分用or，表“和”；否定句尾表“也”用either，不用too/also
感叹句what/how混淆 1. How an exciting basketball game!
2. What beautiful the city is! 1. What an exciting basketball game! 2. How beautiful the city is! what后接名词（短语），how后接形容词/副词；可通过“去主谓，看剩余成分”判断
反义疑问句回答误区 —You haven’t visited the Palace Museum, have you —Yes, I haven’t. —You haven’t visited the Palace Museum, have you —No, I haven’t. 回答逻辑：yes+肯定事实，no+否定事实，不可出现“yes+否定句”“no+肯定句”的矛盾表达
并列连词语义重复 1. Because he was ill, so he didn’t come.
2. Though he is young, but he is very brave. 1. Because he was ill, he didn’t come. / He was ill, so he didn’t come.
2. Though he is young, he is very brave. / He is young, but he is very brave. because与so不可连用，though/although与but不可连用，二者选其一即可
含插入语的疑问句语序错误 What job did you mention does he do What job did you mention he does 插入语（do you think/suppose等）后必须用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”
祈使句否定形式错误 1. Not open the window.
2. Don’t to talk loudly in the library. 1. Don’t open the window. 2. Don’t talk loudly in the library. 祈使句否定开头用Don’t/Never，后接动词原形，不可加to
四、2026中考真题专项实战
一. 单项选择
—________ do you tidy your own room —Twice a week.
A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long
—________ did you stay in Huangyuan during their Lantern Festival
—For six days.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon
—________ does the museum open at weekends —At 9:00 am.
A.How B.Where C.Why D.When
—________ is it from your school to the Nature Museum
— About 3 kilometres.
A.How far B.How old C.How much
________ beautiful Yiyang City is becoming! I’m sure the city will be better and better.
A.How B.What C.What a
________ exciting news! They won the football match at last.
A.What B.How C.What a D.What an
— Attention, please! ________ inside because of the heavy rain.
— We will, Mr. Li.
A.To stay B.Stay C.Staying
Hurry up, ________ you will miss the beginning of the concert.
A.so B.or C.and D.but
David, go to bed early, ________ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.
A.and B.unless C.or D.but
Have a try, ________ you will never know what you can achieve.
A.or B.and C.but
I don’t like noodles and my cousin Amy doesn’t like them, ________.
A.too B.either C.also D.as well
The cheers filled the air. ________ an exciting basketball game!
A.What B.Why C.Who D.How
—China won all the gold medals at the 2025 World Table Tennis Championships.
—______ exciting news!
A.What a B.How a C.How D.What
—________ good advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation.
—I’m so glad that you like it.
A.How B.What a C.What D.What an
________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A.How amazing day B.How an amazing day C.What amazing day D.What an amazing day
二. 句型转换
原句：He often plays football after school.
改写：He ________ often ________ football after school.（改为否定句）
原句：They will attend the meeting tomorrow.
改写：________ of them ________ attend the meeting tomorrow.（改为全部否定句）
原句：Open the window.
改写：________ ________ the window.（改为否定祈使句）
原句：The city is beautiful.
改写：________ beautiful the city is!（改为感叹句）
原句：He has few buddies on QQ.
改写：He has few buddies on QQ, ________ ________ （改为反义疑问句）
三. 完形填空（语境考查）
Read the passage and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks. When we learn English, we need to master simple sentences well. First, we should know ________ (21) to form correct negative sentences. For example, we say “I don’t like coffee or tea” ________ (22) not “I don’t like coffee and tea”. Second, we must learn to use exclamatory sentences properly. ________ (23) exciting it is to win the game! We should use “how” here because we’re describing an adjective. Third, we need to choose the right coordinating conjunctions. We use “and” to show sequence, “but” to show contrast, ________ (24) “or” to show choice. If you hurry up, ________ (25) you will catch the bus. If you don’t, you may be late. So, practice more ________ (26) you will make progress.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
A. and B. or C. but D. so
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
A. so B. for C. or D. and
A. and B. or C. but D. so
A. and B. or C. but D. so
五、专项强化练习
一. 单项选择
—________ do you visit your grandparents
—Once a week.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
________ hard work it is to finish the project!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
You had better not go out alone at night, ________ you
A.hadn’t B.didn’t C.don’t D.aren’t
It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet.
A.and B.but C.or D.for
I don’t think he can finish the work on time, ________ he
A.can B.can’t C.does D.doesn’t
二、句型转换
原句：Let’s go for a walk.
改写：Let’s go for a walk, ________ ________ （改为反义疑问句）
原句：He used to live in London.
改写：He used to live in London, ________ ________ （改为反义疑问句）
原句：She has a car.
改写：She has a car, ________ ________/________ ________ （改为反义疑问句）
原句：It is a pity that he didn’t come.
改写：________ a pity that he didn’t come!（改为感叹句）
答案与解析
四、2026中考真题专项实战
答案：A（解析：解题步骤① 看答语定语义：答语“一周两次”表频率，对应疑问词how often；② 区分同类疑问词：how soon（多久后）、how much（多少/价格）、how long（时长/长度）均不符合语境。）
答案：A（解析：答语“六天”表时长，用how long引导特殊疑问句；how often表频率，how soon表“多久后”，均不符合。）
答案：D（解析：答语“上午9点”表时间，用when引导特殊疑问句；how表方式，where表地点，why表原因，均不符合。）
答案：A（解析：答语“大约3公里”表距离，用how far引导特殊疑问句；how old表年龄，how much表多少/价格，均不符合。）
答案：A（解析：解题步骤① 去主谓留剩余成分：剩余“beautiful”（形容词）；② 形容词用how修饰，符合“how+adj.+主语+谓语”结构。）
答案：A（解析：解题步骤① 去主谓留剩余成分：剩余“exciting news”（形容词+不可数名词）；② 不可数名词用what修饰，不加a/an。）
答案：B（解析：考查祈使句，肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；to stay为不定式，staying为动名词，均不可用于祈使句开头。）
答案：B（解析：语境表“快点，否则你会错过音乐会开头”，or表“否则”的转折含义；so表结果，and表顺承，but表单纯转折，均不符合。）
答案：C（解析：语境表“早点睡觉，否则明天上课会犯困”，or表“否则”；and表顺承，unless表“除非”（连词，后接从句），but表单纯转折，均不符合。）
答案：A（解析：语境表“试一试，否则你永远不知道自己能达成什么”，or表“否则”；and表顺承，but表转折，均不符合。）
答案：B（解析：否定句尾表“也”用either；too/also/as well均用于肯定句尾或句中。）
答案：A（解析：剩余成分“an exciting basketball game”（形容词+可数单数名词），用what a/an修饰；exciting以元音音素开头，此处已有an，故用what。）
答案：D（解析：剩余成分“exciting news”（形容词+不可数名词），用what修饰，不加a/an。）
答案：C（解析：剩余成分“good advice”（形容词+不可数名词），用what修饰，不加a/an。）
答案：D（解析：解题步骤① 去主谓留剩余成分：剩余“amazing day”（形容词+可数单数名词）；② 可数单数名词需用what a/an修饰，amazing以元音音素开头，故用what an。）
答案：doesn’t; play（解析：原句为一般现在时，实义动词plays作谓语，否定句需加助动词doesn’t，后接动词原形play。）
答案：None; will（解析：全部否定“他们都不”，主语为三者及以上，用none of；原句为一般将来时will，none本身已表全部否定，无需再用否定形式won’t，直接用will即可。）
答案：Don’t; open（解析：祈使句的否定形式直接在句首加Don’t，后接动词原形。）
答案：How（解析：原句核心形容词为beautiful，感叹句修饰形容词用how，符合“how+adj.+主语+谓语”结构。）
答案：does; he（解析：原句中few为否定副词，表“几乎没有”，反义疑问句需遵循“前否后肯”原则；原句为一般现在时，实义动词has作谓语，需加助动词does。）
考查疑问词辨析，语境表“如何形成正确的否定句”，how表方式，选A；
考查并列连词，前后句为转折关系（正确表达vs错误表达），but表转折，选C；
考查感叹句引导词，修饰形容词exciting用how，选B；
考查并列连词，前后为并列关系（列举不同连词的用法），and表并列，选D；
考查祈使句+并列连词结构，“快点”与“赶上公交车”为顺承关系，选A；
考查并列连词，“多练习”与“进步”为顺承关系，选A。
专项强化练习
答案：B（解析：答语“一周一次”表频率，对应疑问词how often；how long表时长，how soon表“多久后”，how far表距离，均不符合。）
答案：A（解析：剩余成分“hard work”（形容词+不可数名词），用what修饰，不加a/an；how修饰形容词/副词，不符合。）
答案：A（解析：had better的反义疑问句为固定结构hadn’t you，牢记固定搭配。）
答案：D（解析：语境表“昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面湿了”，for表补充说明的原因，不可置于句首；and表顺承，but表转折，or表选择，均不符合。）
答案：A（解析：原句为主语第一人称+think的否定转移句，反义疑问句需反问从句；从句含情态动词can，遵循“前否后肯”原则，用can he。）
答案：shall; we（解析：Let’s开头的祈使句，反义疑问句固定用shall we；注意区分Let us开头的祈使句用will you。）
答案：didn’t; he/usedn’t; he（解析：used to的反义疑问句有两种认可形式：美式didn’t he、英式usedn’t he）
答案：doesn’t; she/haven’t; she（解析：have表“有”时，反义疑问句可直接用haven’t she，也可用助动词does的否定形式doesn’t she，两种形式均正确。）
答案：What（解析：剩余成分“a pity”（名词短语），用what修饰，符合“what+a/an+可数单数名词+其他”结构。）

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