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中考英语语法辨析精讲：数词 vs 序数词&专项练习卷
数词是中考英语的重要考点，主要分为基数词和序数词两大类。掌握它们的构成、用法与区别，是拿分的关键。以下为你系统梳理。
核心概念辨析
类别 作用 示例 中文
基数词 表示数量“多少” one, two, three, twenty-five, one hundred 一，二，三，二十五，一百
序数词 表示顺序“第几” first, second, third, twenty-fifth, hundredth 第一，第二，第三，第二十五，第一百
简单记：基数词表“数量”，序数词表“顺序”。
二、 基数词精讲
1. 基本构成
1-12: 独立单词 (one, two, ... twelve)
13-19: 基数词 + -teen (thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 注意拼写)
20-90整十: 基数词 + -ty (twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty)
几十几: 整十 + 连字符“-” + 个位数 (e.g., twenty-one, fifty-eight)
百以上:
几百：基数词 + hundred (two hundred)
几百几十几：… hundred and … (e.g., 365: three hundred and sixty-five)
千、万、百万等类推 (thousand, million, billion)
2. 使用要点
确数 vs. 概数：
确数：three hundred students (三百名学生) - 不加-s，无of
概数：hundreds of students (数百名学生) - 加-s，有of
同理：thousands of, millions of
“零”的表达： 数字0读作 zero / nought；电话/编号中常读作字母 O；温度中读作 zero；比赛得分读作 nil 或 nothing
三、 序数词精讲
1. 基本构成 (规则变化)
第一、第二、第三：完全不规则，必须牢记。
first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)
第四至第十九：基数词 + -th
fourth (4th), sixth (6th), eleventh (11th)
特别注意：fifth (5th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), twelfth (12th) 的拼写。
整十位数：将基数词词尾 -ty 变为 -tieth
twentieth (20th), fiftieth (50th), ninetieth (90th)
几十几：只变个位数为序数词。
twenty-first (21st), thirty-second (32nd), ninety-ninth (99th)
2. 使用要点
必须加定冠词 the：序数词前通常加 the。
He is the first to arrive. (他是第一个到的。)
Today is her **the** twelfth birthday. (今天是她的第十二个生日。)
特殊情况不加 the：
（1）序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格：my first job (我的第一份工作)
（2）表示“又一，再一”时，前加不定冠词 a/an：She tried a second time. (她又试了一次。)
（3）在某些固定短语中：at first (起初)， first of all (首先)
四、 重点用法与考点辨析
1. 编号与顺序
纯编码、门牌、电话、页码等：常用基数词，且放在名词后。
Room 205 (205房间)， Page 8 (第8页)， Bus No. 5 (5路公交车)
强调顺序：用序数词，放在名词前。
the Fifth Lesson = Lesson Five (第五课)
2. 日期表达
月-日-年 (美式)：June 1st, 2024 或 June 1, 2024 (读作 June the first)
日-月-年 (英式)：1st June, 2024 (读作 the first of June)
年份：通常两位一读。1998 读作 nineteen ninety-eight；2008 读作 two thousand and eight 或 twenty O eight。
3. 分数表达
（1）规则：分子(基数词) + 分母(序数词，分子>1时加s)
1/3 → one third
2/5 → two fifths (注意：分子2>1，分母fifth加s)
1/2 → a/one half；1/4 → a/one quarter 或 a/one fourth
（2）分数作主语时，谓语动词单复数由后面的名词决定：
One third of the students are girls. (三分之一的学生是女生。)
One third of the water is polluted. (三分之一的水被污染了。)
4. 倍数表达 (中考高频)
A is 倍数 + the size/length/height of B
This room is three times the size of that one. (这个房间是那个的三倍大。)
A is 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as B
He is twice as old as his sister. (他的年龄是他妹妹的两倍。)
A is 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than B
This river is three times longer than that one. (这条河比那条长三倍。)
五、 中考常见易错点
1. 十几和几十的发音与拼写：thirteen vs thirty；fifteen vs fifty。注意重音和-teen与-ty的区别
2. 序数词前漏掉 the：在明确顺序时，the 不能少。
3. 分数表达中，分母序数词的单复数错误：分子大于1，分母必须加-s。
4. 日期读法：June 1 必须读作 June the first，而不是 June one。
5. hundred/thousand/million 在确数和概数中的混淆：
正：two hundred people；hundreds of people
误：two hundreds people；hundred of people
六、 实战演练（中考真题风向）
单项选择：
About ______ students in our school took part in the sports meeting last month.
A. two hundred B. two hundreds C. two hundred of D. two hundreds of
(答案：A。确数，不加s，无of)
用所给词适当形式填空：
This is my ________ (one) time to visit the Great Wall. I’m so excited.
(答案：first。序数词前有物主代词my，不加the。)
句型转换：
This building is 30 meters tall. That building is 10 meters tall. (合并为含倍数的句子)
→ This building is ________ ________ ________ that one.
(答案：three times as tall as。 30米是10米的三倍。)
总结口诀：
基数表数量，序数表顺序。
编号后基数，顺序前加the。
分数分子基，分母序数记，分子大于一，分母加s。
确数无s无of，概数有s有of。
中考英语语法专项练习卷：数词 vs 序数词
班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________ 时间：40分钟
一、基础考点层（考点：数词与序数词的基本含义及正确书写/拼写）
（一）根据句意及提示，用适当的数词或序数词填空（每空1分，共10分）
1. There are ______ (twelve) months in a year. December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year.
2. My grandfather is ______ (eighty) years old. Today is his ______ (eighty) birthday.
3. There are ______ (thirty) days in April. The ______ (thirty) day of April is the last day.
4. —How many students are there in your class —There are ______ (fifty) students. I'm the ______ (twenty-five) one in the roll call (点名册).
5. The ______ (three) lesson in the morning is English. We have ______ (four) English lessons every week.
（二）判断下列句子中数词/序数词的用法是否正确，正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”并改正（每小题2分，共10分）
1. This is my the first time to visit Beijing. ( ) 改正：________
2. There are two hundreds students in our grade. ( ) 改正：________
3. The five lesson is about Chinese history. ( ) 改正：________
4. He lives on the twentieth floor of the building. ( ) 改正：________
5. I have three pair of shoes. The second one is my favorite. ( ) 改正：________
二、进阶考点层（考点：数词与序数词的固定搭配及语境运用）
（一）单项选择（每小题2分，共20分）
1. —When is Mother's Day —It's on the ______ Sunday in May.
A. two B. second C. twelve D. twelfth
2. About ______ people took part in the sports meeting last week.
A. five hundreds B. five hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds
3. My home is ______ kilometers away from the school, so I usually take the bus.
A. three and a half B. three and half C. half and three D. three half
4. —Which floor do you live on —I live on the ______ floor. It's the top floor.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. twenty-first D. twenty-one
5. The ______ Olympic Games will be held in Paris in 2024.
A. thirty-third B. thirty three C. thirty-three D. thirty-third
6. There are ______ minutes in an hour and ______ hours in a day.
A. sixty; twenty-four B. sixty; twenty four C. sixty; twenty-fourth D. sixtieth; twenty-four
7. He became a doctor in his ______, and he worked in the hospital for ______ years.
A. thirty; twenty B. thirties; twenty C. thirty; twentieth D. thirties; twentieth
8. —How old is your little sister —She is only ______ year old. She just learned to say "mama".
A. one B. first C. two D. second
9. The bridge is ______ meters long. It's one of the longest bridges in our city.
A. two thousand and eight B. two thousands and eight C. two thousand eight D. two thousands eight
10. —What's the date today —It's October the ______.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. twelveth D. twelves
（二）用括号内所给数词或序数词的适当形式完成短文（每空1分，共10分）
Hello, everyone! I'm Li Ming. I live in a small town. There are (1) ______ (four) people in my family: my parents, my little brother and me. My brother is (2) ______ (one) years old. He likes playing with toys. My father is a teacher. He has been teaching for (3) ______ (twenty) years. This year is his (4) ______ (twenty) year of teaching. My mother is a nurse. She works in a hospital that is about (5) ______ (two) kilometers away from our home. Every morning, she gets up at the (6) ______ (six) o'clock. On weekends, our family often goes for a picnic. Last Saturday, we went to a park. We walked for (7) ______ (one and a half) hours and then arrived. There were (8) ______ (hundred) of people in the park. We had a good time. Next month, it will be my (9) ______ (thirteen) birthday. My parents will hold a party for me. I'm looking forward to it. I think the (10) ______ (most) important thing for me is to stay with my family.
三、拔高考点层（考点：数词与序数词的综合辨析及易混淆点突破）
（一）完形填空（每小题2分，共10分）
A group of students went on a school trip. There were 1. ______ students in total, including 25 boys and 20 girls. Their teacher, Miss Wang, was 2. ______ years old. They took a bus to the museum. The bus ride took 3. ______ hours. When they arrived at the museum, it was 9 o'clock. The museum opened at 8:30, so they were a little late. They visited the museum for 4. ______ hours. During the visit, they learned a lot about history. The 5. ______ part of the trip was the science show. All the students were interested in it. When they went back to school, it was already 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
1. A. forty-five B. forty fifth C. forty five D. forty-fifth
2. A. thirty two B. thirty-two C. thirty-second D. thirtieth-two
3. A. one and half B. one and a half C. one half and D. half and one
4. A. two and a half B. two and half C. two half D. half two
5. A. three B. third C. three rd D. threeth
（二）阅读理解（每小题3分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
The 2024 Summer Olympics will be held in Paris, France. It is the 33rd Summer Olympics. The first Summer Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in 1896. There were only 14 countries and 241 athletes (运动员) taking part in it. Now, the number of countries and athletes has increased a lot. It is said that more than 200 countries and 10,000 athletes will join the 2024 Paris Olympics.
The Olympic Games are held every four years. The 32nd Summer Olympics was held in Tokyo, Japan in 2020. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was delayed (推迟) to 2021. But it was still called the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
In the Summer Olympics, there are many sports events, such as swimming, running, basketball, football and so on. Every athlete tries their best to get the first place. The first place will get a gold medal, the second a silver one and the third a bronze one.
( )How many Summer Olympics have been held before the 2024 Paris Olympics
A. 32 B. 33 C. 34 D. 31
2. ( )When was the first Summer Olympics held
A. In 2024 B. In 1896 C. In 2020 D. In 2021
3. ( )The 32nd Summer Olympics was held in ______.
A. Paris B. Athens C. Tokyo D. London
4. ( )How often are the Olympic Games held
A. Every two years B. Every three years C. Every four years D. Every five years
5. ( )What medal will the athlete get if he gets the second place
A. Gold medal B. Silver medal C. Bronze medal D. No medal
（三）书面表达（15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom想了解你的生日及你通常如何庆祝生日。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 你的生日（具体日期，用序数词表达）；
2. 你通常和谁一起庆祝；
3. 庆祝方式（至少提到3件事，适当使用数词）。
要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确，文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、基础考点层
（一）1. twelve; twelfth 2. eighty; eightieth 3. thirty; thirtieth 4. fifty; twenty-fifth 5. third; four
（二）1. ×; 去掉the（This is my first time to visit Beijing.） 2. ×; hundreds→hundred（There are two hundred students in our grade.） 3. ×; five→fifth（The fifth lesson is about Chinese history.） 4. √ 5. ×; pair→pairs（I have three pairs of shoes. The second one is my favorite.）
二、进阶考点层
（一）1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B
（二）1. four 2. one 3. twenty 4. twentieth 5. two 6. sixth 7. one and a half 8. hundreds 9. thirteenth 10. most
三、拔高考点层
（一）1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
（二）1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B
（三）书面表达（参考范文）
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to tell you about my birthday. My birthday is on the twelfth of September. I usually celebrate it with my family and three best friends.
First, my mom cooks a big dinner with five dishes I like. Then, we eat a birthday cake and I blow out twelve candles. After that, my friends give me presents and we watch a movie together. I always have a great time on my birthday.
Yours,
Li Hua

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