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高考英语易混淆词组详解
G字母开头
1.go all out to do sth / go beyond / go in for / go out / go with
go all out to do sth：全力以赴做某事（强调尽最大努力）；[例]She went all out to win the math competition.
go beyond：超出（能力、想象等）；[例]This task goes beyond his ability.
go in for：参与（竞赛/考试）；爱好（强调主动参与或喜好）；[例]He goes in for long-distance running./ She goes in for painting.
go out：（火）熄灭；过时；外出；[例]The fire went out suddenly./ This style went out last year.
go with：与…相配；伴随（强调搭配或伴随关系）；[例]This tie goes with your shirt./ Success often goes with hard work.
2.give away / give in / give off / give out / give up
give away：赠送；泄露（秘密）；[例]She gave away her old clothes to charity./ He gave away the secret by accident.
give in：屈服；让步（接to sb/sth）；[例]They finally gave in to the demands.
give off：发出（光、热、气味等）；[例]The flowers give off a sweet smell.
give out：分发；用完；（消息）传开；[例]The teacher gave out the test papers./ Our energy gave out after a long walk.
give up：放弃（接doing sth）；[例]He gave up smoking last year.
3.get across / get along with / get down to / get over / get through
get across：（使）被理解；讲清楚（强调让他人理解）；[例]He struggled to get his idea across.
get along with：与…相处；进展（强调人际关系或事物发展）；[例]She gets along well with her classmates./ How are you getting along with your project
get down to：开始认真做（接名词/doing sth，强调着手处理）；[例]Let's get down to business.
get over：克服（困难）；从（疾病/打击）中恢复；[例]She got over her fear of flying./ He got over the flu quickly.
get through：打通（电话）；通过（考试）；完成（任务）；[例]I tried to call her, but couldn't get through./ She got through the exam easily.
4.go bad / go by / go into / go over / go up
go bad：变质（指食物等）；[例]The milk will go bad if not kept in the fridge.
go by：（时间）过去；遵循（规则）；[例]Time goes by quickly./ You should go by the school rules.
go into：调查；进入（领域/状态）；[例]The police went into the case./ She went into teaching after graduation.
go over：复习；检查；[例]Let's go over the lesson before the test./ He went over the report carefully.
go up：（价格/数量）上升；建造；[例]Prices of vegetables go up in winter./ A new building is going up near our school.
5.hold back / hold on / hold out / hold up
hold back：阻止；隐瞒（情感/信息）；[例]She held back her tears./ He held back some important information.
hold on：等一下（电话用语）；坚持（强调持续）；[例]Hold on, I'll get him./ Hold on and you'll succeed.
hold out：伸出；维持（时间）；[例]She held out her hand for a shake./ Our supplies will hold out for a week.
hold up：阻挡；举起；抢劫；[例]The traffic was held up by an accident./ He held up his hand to stop us./ The bank was held up last night.
6.grow up / grow out of / grow into
grow up：长大；成熟（强调年龄或心智发展）；[例]She grew up in a small town./ He has grown up a lot recently.
grow out of：因长大而不再做（某事）；由…发展而来；[例]He grew out of his bad habits./ This idea grew out of a conversation.
grow into：长成；逐渐适应（角色/身份）；[例]The little tree will grow into a big one./ She grew into her new job.
7.guarantee / ensure / insure
guarantee：保证（产品质量、结果等，接名词/that从句）；[例]The company guarantees the product for three years./ I guarantee that it will work.
ensure：确保（某事发生，接that从句/不定式）；[例]We need to ensure that everyone is safe./ This plan will ensure to reduce costs.
insure：给…投保；确保（较正式，多与财产、生命相关）；[例]She insured her house against fire./ We must insure the success of the project.
H字母开头
1.hand down / hand in / hand on / hand out / hand over
hand down：把…传下来（世代相传）；[例]This tradition has been handed down for centuries.hand in：上交（作业、文件等）；[例]Students must hand in their homework on time.
hand on：把…传下去（传递给下一个人）；[例]Please hand on this message to everyone.
hand out：分发（物品）；[例]Volunteers handed out leaflets on the street.
hand over：移交（权力、责任、物品）；[例]He handed over his duties to his successor.
2.hold on to / hold down
hold on to：抓住；坚持（信念/财产）；[例]Hold on to the rope tightly./ She held on to her dream.
hold down：压制（情绪/声音）；保住（工作）；[例]He held down his anger./ She holds down two jobs to support her family.
3.hang about / hang back / hang on / hang up
hang about：闲荡；徘徊（强调无目的停留）；[例]Don't hang about—we need to leave now.
hang back：犹豫；退缩（不敢行动）；[例]She hung back from asking questions.
hang on：抓紧；等一下（同hold on）；[例]Hang on, I'm coming./ Hang on to the edge of the table.
hang up：挂断（电话）；[例]He hung up before I could explain.
4.have back / have on / have to do with
have back：要回（某物）；[例]I want to have my book back.
have on：穿着；戴着（强调状态，无进行时）；[例]He has a new jacket on today.
have to do with：与…有关；[例]This matter has nothing to do with him.
5.head for / head up
head for：朝…方向去（强调目的地）；[例]We are heading for the mountains.
head up：领导；主管（团队、项目等）；[例]She heads up the marketing department.
6.hear from / hear of / hear about
hear from：收到…的来信/消息（强调直接联系）；[例]I heard from my friend yesterday.
hear of：听说过（某人/某事，强调知晓存在）；[例]Have you heard of this new singer
hear about：听说（某事的细节）；[例]I heard about the accident on the news.
7.help out / help with
help out：帮忙（解决困难，强调协助摆脱困境）；[例]Can you help me out with this problem
help with：帮助做（某事，强调协助具体事务）；[例]She helps with the housework every day.
I字母开头
1.in turn / in return
in turn：依次；轮流；反过来（强调顺序或因果）；[例]They spoke in turn./ Success brings confidence, which in turn leads to more success.
in return：作为回报（强调交换）；[例]I gave her a gift in return for her help.
2.if / whether
if：如果（引导条件状语从句）；是否（引导宾语从句，不与or not直接连用）；[例]If it rains, we'll stay home./ I don't know if he will come.
whether：是否（引导宾语从句，可与or not连用；引导主语/表语从句）；[例]I don't know whether he will come or not./ Whether he comes depends on the weather.
3.imply / infer
imply：暗示；意味着（主语是人，强调主动暗示）；[例]She implied that she was not satisfied.
infer：推断；推论（主语是人，强调从信息中得出结论）；[例]We can infer from his words that he is angry.
4.in regard to / in regards to
in regard to：关于；至于（更常用，正式）；[例]In regard to your question, I will reply later.
in regards to：关于；至于（较正式，用法同in regard to）；[例]He made a speech in regards to environmental protection.
5.into / in to
into：进入（表示动态，后接名词）；[例]She walked into the room./ He turned the book into a movie.
in to：in为副词，to为介词（表方向或目的，分开使用）；[例]He turned in to the parking lot./ She handed the report in to the teacher.
6.incite / insight
incite：煽动；鼓动（动词，接sb to do sth）；[例]He incited the crowd to riot.
insight：洞察力；领悟（名词，接into sth）；[例]She has a deep insight into human nature.
7.intolerable / intolerant
intolerable：无法忍受的（形容事物，如疼痛、环境）；[例]The heat was intolerable.
intolerant：不容忍的（形容人，接of sb/sth）；[例]He is intolerant of different opinions.
8.in case / in case of
in case：以防；万一（引导从句）；[例]Take an umbrella in case it rains.
in case of：万一；如果发生（后接名词，不接从句）；[例]In case of emergency, call this number.
9.instead of / in place of
instead of：代替；而不是（强调否定后者，接名词/doing sth）；[例]She walked instead of taking a bus.
in place of：代替（强调替代位置，较正式）；[例]He used honey in place of sugar.
J字母开头
1.join in / take part in / participate in
join in：参与（小型活动，如游戏、讨论，可接名词或动名词）；[例]They invited me to join in the game.
take part in：参加（有组织、规模较大的活动，如会议、比赛，接名词）；[例]She took part in the school sports meeting.
participate in：参与（正式场合，强调主动投入，接名词或动名词，书面语）；[例]All students are encouraged to participate in the project.
2.judge by / judge from
judge by：根据…判断（侧重通过外在特征或行为判断）；[例]You can’t judge a person by his appearance.
judge from：从…来看（侧重通过事实、证据或结果判断，与judge by可通用，无本质差异）；[例]Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.
3.jump at / jump to
jump at：欣然接受（机会、提议，强调主动抓住）；[例]She jumped at the chance to study abroad.
jump to：仓促下结论（后接conclusions，固定搭配）；[例]Don’t jump to conclusions before knowing the truth.
4.just now / right now
just now：刚才（过去时间，用于一般过去时）；[例]I saw him in the library just now.
right now：立刻；现在（当前时间，用于一般现在时或现在进行时）；[例]We need to finish the work right now.
5.join / join in / attend
join：加入（组织、团体，成为成员，接club, team, party等）；[例]He joined the English club last month.
join in：参与（活动，如talk, game，可省略in）；[例]Can I join (in) your conversation
attend：出席（正式场合，如meeting, class, lecture，不强调参与过程）；[例]She attends a lecture every Friday.
K字母开头
1.keep on / keep up / keep up with
keep on：继续（做某事，接动名词，强调动作反复）；[例]He kept on working though he was tired.
keep up：坚持；维持（状态、速度，不接宾语或接名词）；[例]Keep up the good work! / We need to keep up this speed.
keep up with：跟上（人、进度，接宾语，强调不落后）；[例]I can’t keep up with you when you run fast.
2.knock at / knock on / knock into / knock over
knock at：敲（门、窗，at后接具体对象）；[例]Someone is knocking at the door.
knock on：敲（门、窗，与knock at通用，on更口语化）；[例]She knocked on the window to get his attention.
knock into：撞上（某人）；偶然遇到（=come across）；[例]I knocked into an old friend on the street.
knock over：撞倒；打翻（物体或人）；[例]The cat knocked over the vase.
3.know about / know of / know
know about：了解（某事的细节、情况）；[例]I know about his past experience.
know of：听说过（某人/某事，仅知晓存在，不了解细节）；[例]Do you know of this new restaurant
know：认识（人）；知道（事实，接从句或名词）；[例]I know him well./ She knows the answer.
4.keep away from / keep out of
keep away from：远离（人、物，强调物理距离）；[例]Keep away from the fire.
keep out of：不卷入；不参与（某事，接名词或代词）；[例]Try to keep out of their argument.
L字母开头
1.look up / look up to / look down on / look forward to
look up：查阅（词典、资料，接单词、信息）；抬头看；[例]Look up the new word in the dictionary./ She looked up at the sky.
look up to：尊敬（某人，强调钦佩）；[例]Young people look up to honest and hardworking people.
look down on：看不起（某人，=look down upon）；[例]Don’t look down on those who are less successful.
look forward to：期待（接动名词，强调对未来的期盼）；[例]I’m looking forward to meeting you.
2.listen to / hear
listen to：听（强调动作，有意识地关注声音）；[例]Listen to the teacher carefully in class.
hear：听见（强调结果，无意识地接收到声音）；[例]I heard a strange noise last night.
3.lead to / result in / result from
lead to：导致（结果，主语可为人或物，强调过程）；[例]Hard work leads to success.
result in：导致（结果，主语多为事件、行为，与lead to通用）；[例]The accident resulted in three injuries.
result from：由…引起（原因，主语为结果，后接原因）；[例]His illness resulted from lack of sleep.
4.leave for / leave behind / leave out
leave for：动身去（某地，强调前往目的地）；[例]We will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
leave behind：留下；遗忘（某物，接名词）；[例]She left her umbrella behind in the office.
leave out：遗漏；忽略（某人/某物，接名词）；[例]Don’t leave out any important details in the report.
5.let alone / let down / let out
let alone：更不用说（用于否定句，递进关系）；[例]He can’t even read, let alone write.
let down：使失望；放下（某物）；[例]Don’t let your parents down./ Let down the curtain.
let out：放出；泄露（秘密）；发出（声音）；[例]Let out the dog for a walk./ She let out a cry of surprise.
6.live on / live by / live through
live on：以…为食；靠…生活（接食物、收入来源）；[例]She lives on vegetables./ He lives on his salary.
live by：靠…谋生（接职业、原则，如live by teaching“靠教书为生”）；[例]They live by honest work.
live through：亲身经历（重大事件，如战争、灾难）；[例]My grandfather lived through the Great Depression.
7.look after / take care of / care for
look after：照顾（人、物，日常用语，强调照料）；[例]She looks after her little sister after school.
take care of：照顾；处理（与look after通用，可接人或事务）；[例]Take care of the problem as soon as possible.
care for：关心；照顾（较正式，可接人或物，也可表“喜欢”）；[例]She cares for the elderly in the community./ I don’t care for spicy food.
8.lose heart / lose one’s heart to
lose heart：灰心；泄气（固定短语，无宾语）；[例]Never lose heart when facing difficulties.
lose one’s heart to：爱上（某人）；倾心于（某物）；[例]He lost his heart to the beautiful city.
9.look after / take care of / care for
look after：照顾人或物，日常用语，侧重“照料、看管”。
[例]She looks after her little brother after school every day.
take care of：照顾；处理事务，与look after通用，可接人或事，侧重“负责到底”。
[例]Take care of the documents—they’re confidential./ My aunt took care of me when I was sick.
care for：关心；照顾（较正式）；喜欢，接人或物，侧重“情感上的关怀或喜好”。
[例]Nurses care for patients with patience./ I don’t care for spicy food—I prefer mild flavors.
10.lay out / light up with / laugh off
lay out：展示、设计；布置，侧重“有条理地摆放或规划”。
[例]She laid out all her artworks on the table for the exhibition./ The architect laid out the blueprint of the new building.
11.light up with：喜笑颜开，接情感名词（joy, pleasure），侧重“因喜悦而面露光彩”。
[例]Her face lit up with joy when she received the birthday gift.
12.laugh off：对…付之一笑，侧重“用笑声淡化问题或尴尬”。
[例]He laughed off his mistake in the speech instead of feeling embarrassed.
13.later / latter
later：后来；稍后，副词，表时间，侧重“在之后的时间”。
[例]I’ll call you later—right now I’m busy with work.
latter：后者的，形容词；后者，代词，与“former（前者）”对应，侧重“两者中的后一个”。
[例]Of the two options, the former is cheap but slow, and the latter is fast but expensive.
14.be loyal to/ royal
loyal：忠诚的、忠实的，形容词，修饰人或动物，侧重“对人或组织的忠诚”。
[例]He is a loyal friend who always supports me in difficult times.
royal：皇家的、王室的，形容词，修饰与王室相关的事物，侧重“官方性”。
[例]The royal family attended the opening ceremony of the new museum.
M字母开头
1.make up / make up one’s mind / make up with sb / make out
make up：弥补、补偿；编造；和解；化妆；组成，含义多，需结合语境判断。
[例]She tried to make up for her mistake by helping with the project.（弥补）/ He made up a story to explain his absence.（编造）/ They made up after arguing for a week.（和解）/ She spent an hour making up before the party.（化妆）/ Women make up 50% of the company’s employees.（组成）
make up one’s mind：下定决心，后接“to do sth”，侧重“明确决策”。
[例]I’ve made up my mind to study abroad after graduation.
make up with sb：和某人和好，侧重“修复人际关系”。
[例]He made up with his best friend after apologizing for his rudeness.
make out：假装；理解；辨认出，侧重“模糊状态下的判断或伪装”。
[例]She made out that she was sick to avoid going to school.（假装）/ I can’t make out what he’s saying—it’s too noisy.（理解）/ I could barely make out the house in the dark.（辨认出）
2.make the acquaintance of / makeover
make the acquaintance of：和…相识、结识，正式用语，侧重“初次认识”。
[例]She made the acquaintance of a famous writer at the literary meeting.
makeover：装饰；打扮（名词），侧重“外观上的改造”。
[例]The room got a complete makeover—now it looks bright and modern./ She had a makeover before the wedding, changing her hairstyle and clothes.
3.meet with / come acros
meet with：遇见（人）；遭遇（情况），侧重“有计划的会面或意外的遭遇”。
[例]I met with my former teacher at the supermarket.（遇见）/ The project met with unexpected difficulties.（遭遇）
come across：偶然遇到（人或物），侧重“无计划的偶遇”。
[例]I came across an old photo album while cleaning the closet.
4.my pleasure / with pleasure
my pleasure：我的荣幸，用于回应别人的感谢，侧重“回应谢意”。
[例]A: “Thank you for helping me.”
B: “My pleasure.”
with pleasure：乐意效劳，用于回应别人的请求，侧重“接受请求”。
[例]A: “Could you help me carry this box ”
B: “With pleasure.”
5.my cup of tea / my feet of clay
my cup of tea：我喜欢的人或事，口语，侧重“个人喜好”。
[例]Watching documentaries is not my cup of tea—I prefer action movies.
my feet of clay：致命的弱点，比喻义，侧重“某人不为人知的缺点”。
[例]Everyone has their feet of clay—even the most perfect-looking people have flaws.
6.income / outcome
income：收入、收益（名词），侧重“赚钱所得”。
[例]His main income comes from his job as a software engineer.
outcome：结果、效果（名词），侧重“事件的结局”。
[例]We are waiting for the outcome of the exam—we hope everyone passes.
7.inform / informal
inform：通知（动词），后接“sb of sth”，侧重“传递信息”。
[例]Please inform us of any changes to your travel plans.
informal：非正式的（形容词），修饰场合、穿着等，侧重“非官方、随意”。
[例]We had an informal chat with the teacher after class.
N字母开头
1.never mind / no matter how
never mind：别介意、不要紧，用于安慰或回应道歉，侧重“淡化事情的重要性”。
[例]A: “I’m sorry I spilled coffee on your book.” B: “Never mind—it’s not a big deal.”
no matter how：不管怎样，引导让步状语从句，=however，侧重“无论条件如何”。
[例]No matter how difficult the problem is, we will try our best to solve it.
2.no kidding / no hurry
no kidding：不骗你、不开玩笑，用于强调事实的真实性，侧重“打消对方怀疑”。
[例]No kidding—this is the best meal I’ve had in months.
no hurry：不要着急，用于安慰对方不必匆忙，侧重“放宽时间限制”。
[例]Take your time—no hurry; the meeting won’t start for another hour.
3.no wonder / no doubt
no wonder：难怪，用于解释原因，侧重“恍然大悟”。
[例]No wonder you’re tired—you stayed up late working last night.
no doubt：毫无疑问，用于强调肯定，侧重“确信无疑”。
[例]No doubt she will succeed—she’s hardworking and talented.
4.not only...but also.../ not...but...
not only...but also...：不仅…而且…，表递进关系，侧重“两者都，且后者更重要”。
[例]She not only speaks English fluently but also knows French and German.
not...but...：不是…而是…，表转折关系，侧重“否定前者，肯定后者”。
[例]It’s not the money but the experience that matters most to me.
5.now and then / now that
now and then：偶尔、有时，表频率，侧重“不经常”。
[例]I visit my grandparents now and then—usually once a month.
now that：既然，引导原因状语从句，侧重“基于已知事实的原因”。
[例]Now that you’ve finished your homework, you can watch TV for a while
O字母开头
1.object to / oppose / be against
object to：反对（观点、计划），接动名词，侧重“基于个人意见或道理提出反对”，语气较委婉。
[例]Many residents object to building a factory near the community.（许多居民反对在社区附近建工厂）
oppose：反对（人、政策、行动），接名词或动名词，侧重“主动对抗或抵制”，语气较强。
[例]She opposed the new policy because it would harm the environment.（她反对这项新政策，因为它会损害环境）
be against：反对（人、事、观点），接名词或代词，口语化，侧重“明确不赞同”，无动作感。
[例]I’m against staying up late—it’s bad for health.（我反对熬夜，这对健康不好）
2.occur / happen / take place
occur：发生（事件、想法），较正式，可用于“sth occurs to sb”（某人想到某事），侧重“自然发生或突然浮现”。
[例]A good idea occurred to her while she was reading.（她读书时突然想到一个好主意）；Earthquakes often occur in this region.（这个地区经常发生地震）
happen：发生（偶然事件），口语化，无被动语态，侧重“无计划、意外发生”。
[例]What happened to you yesterday You didn’t show up.（你昨天怎么了？没来）
take place：发生（有计划、有组织的事件），无被动语态，侧重“预先安排好的发生”。
[例]The school sports meeting will take place next Friday.（校运会将于下周五举行）
3.on time / in time
on time：准时，侧重“按规定时间不迟到”，后接具体时间点相关场景。
[例]Please arrive at the meeting room on time—we can’t wait for anyone.（请准时到达会议室，我们不能等任何人）
in time：及时，侧重“在规定时间之前赶到，避免不良后果”，后接“for sth”或“to do sth”。
[例]We arrived at the station in time for the train.（我们及时赶到车站赶上了火车）
4.open up / open up to / open out
open up：打开（空间、机会）；畅谈，侧重“开启新状态或敞开心扉”。
[例]The new policy will open up more job opportunities for young people.（新政策将为年轻人提供更多就业机会）；She finally opened up about her past.（她最终畅谈了自己的过去）
open up to：向…敞开心扉，后接人，侧重“对特定对象分享内心”。
[例]He rarely opens up to others—you must be very close to him.（他很少对别人敞开心扉，你一定和他很亲近）
open out：展开（物体）；变得开朗，侧重“物理形态展开或性格转变”。
[例]She opened out the map to find the right route.（她展开地图寻找正确路线）；The shy girl opened out after joining the drama club.（这个害羞的女孩加入戏剧社后变得开朗了）
5.ought to / should / must
ought to：应该，语气比should稍强，侧重“基于责任、义务或常理的建议”，后接动词原形，否定式为“ought not to”。
[例]We ought to respect the elderly.（我们应该尊重老人）
should：应该，语气较温和，侧重“个人建议或预期”，否定式为“should not/shouldn’t”。
[例]You should drink more water in summer.（夏天你应该多喝点水）
must：必须，语气最强，侧重“命令、强制要求或肯定推测”，否定式“mustn’t”表“禁止”。
[例]All students must wear school uniforms.（所有学生必须穿校服）；This must be his bag—his name is on it.（这一定是他的包，上面有他的名字）

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