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2025学年第一学期高二年级12月练习卷
I. Listening Comprehension (30’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. They are expensive. B. They don’t last long.
C. They are fashionable. D. They don't wear easily.
2. A. She has something else to cope with first.
B. She needs to find out where the books of stamps are.
C. She can’t deal with the two things at the same time.
D. She doesn't know if there is enough time to mail the letter.
A. 150 yuan. B. 50 yuan. C. 100 yuan. D. 200 yuan.
4. A. The quiz will be very short. B. He’ll give the quiz at a later time.
C. The quiz won't be ready until Thursday. D. He’ll score the quiz quickly.
5. A. How long the man’s phone can work after the battery is charged up.
B. How durable the man’s phone battery is after several charges.
C. How durable the man’s phone is if the battery is dead.
D. How long it takes to charge the man’s phone battery.
6. A. Make another appointment with her doctor.
B. Take the medicine as she was directed to.
C. Rest her back for a few days.
D. Stop taking the medicine.
7. A. She would like go to the game with the man.
B. She doesn’t like watching basketball.
C. She’ll sell the man her ticket.
D. She doesn't have a TV set.
8. A. She prefers the door to be open to have some breeze in.
B. She doesn’t want her talk with Mr. Smith to be heard.
C. She doesn’t mind whether the door is closed or not.
D. She will talk about her privacy with Mrs. Smith.
9. A. Tom’s boss has a twin brother. B. Tom didn’t know where his boss was.
C. The person in black is Tom’s boss. D. The person in black looks like Tom’s boss.
10. A. Not many people know the piece of music.
B. He doesn’t know the music well enough.
C. He hasn’t been playing the piano long.
D. People often ask him to play the music.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A historic voyage. B. The discovery of New Zealand.
C. A famous explorer. D. The physical features of Australia.
12. A. He wasn't from a rich family. B. He once joined the Royal Navy.
C. He didn't have any schooling. D. He used to work for a fishing village.
13. A. He improved sailors’ diet. B. He found a method of preventing a disease.
C. He led British Royal Navy. D. He was the first to sail to the Pacific Ocean.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Flour and yeast. B. Yeast and salt.
C. Flour and water. D. Water and salt.
15. A. Unskilful pizza makers. B. Poor ingredients used to make pizzas.
C. Lack of professional training courses. D. Little attention to this traditional dish.
16. A. To make a pizza taste much better. B. To test whether a pizza is a good one.
C. To show the inside structure of a pizza. D. To prevent customers feeling much too full.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. They contain no students. B. Each group has no more than 10 members.
C. They have to cook for themselves. D. Each group has a clear purpose for research.
18. A. He acts as an observer at first. B. He points out the problems from the start.
C. He sets some rules in advance. D. He keeps the members away from each other.
19. A. He avoids going to a wildlife park with them.
B. He leaves them enough time for the day trip.
C. He wakes them up earlier than usual.
D. He shouts and screams at them.
20. A. Some game parks. B. Some group members.
C. The difficulties Don has had. D. The suggestions for a camping trips.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.
I first noticed Labubu when I visited Beijing in July as part of a cultural exchange program. I recognized it as 21)________ I would see Generation Z or younger kids carrying around, but I wouldn’t have guessed it was Chinese.
From a design point of view, Labubu’s popularity doesn’t surprise me at all. There is so much mass marketing aimed at perfect cuteness or beauty 22)________ people often get tired of it, so it becomes cliche and boring. In the US, counterculture has been influential for about 60 years, so something unpleasant like a Labubu’s gremlin (小精灵) smile has the kind of edge that another princess doll lacks.
I think it’s a phenomenon similar 23)________ modern art, making fun of the concept of a gallery by presenting vacuum cleaners, taping a banana to a wall or destroying a painting upon purchase. Or antiheroes in film and literature. Labubu does remind me of Minions, which came out of a movie 24)________ the main character is a textbook archetypal cartoon villain(反派).
Today’s toys and character designs are so high-quality and realistic ---- things were much 25)________(realistic) when I was a kid. Pikachu and SpongeBob SquarePants are simple. Souvenir toys today, however, are as detailed as something you would find 26)________(display) in an old wax museum. I think it becomes too much. Everything is too perfect. How is that supposed to be cool or interesting
The fact that Labubu’s face is—by conventional beauty standards—ugly reminds me of pugs(哈巴狗), those little smushed-face dogs. Some people don’t like the way they look, 27)________ pugs are still popular pets. They’re often lovingly called “pugly”, which means ugly in a cute or lovable way.
As for Labubu’s Chinese origin and how it shows 28)________ mix of Chinese and Western styles, I think it’s only natural that more modern Chinese products will become popular in the West. It feels a bit strange that “Made in China” used to mean poor quality when I was a kid, but now the only thing stopping us from buying Chinese cars and electronics 29)________(be) the US government rules. Young people are starting to expect new and exciting things from China, including cool products 30)________(buy).
Section B (30’)
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
distribution B. charges C. ensuring D. embraced AB. ballooned AC. pushing
AD. mass-produced BC. collapses BD. elevating CD.oversight ABC. closures
China’s food market is being reshaped by the rise of “pre-prepared dishes.” Once dismissed as a niche convenience, they now range from semi-finished stir-fries to fully cooked meals that only need reheating. In a few years the category has 31)________ into a multibillion-yuan industry, fuelled by busier lifestyles, advances in processing, and official support that has turned what began as a consumer trend into a strategic priority.
In 2021 the market was worth just over 300 billion yuan. By 2023 it had swelled to 516 billion, before dipping to 485 billion in 2024 amid broader economic weakness. Analysts expect it to top 749 billion yuan by 2026, with the half-trillion mark reached as early as next year. Demand has been propelled by the “lazy economy”: urbanites too pressed for time to cook have 32)_________ the comfort of home-style meals without the labour. The pandemic sped this shift, as restaurant 33)________ and lockdowns sent families searching for reliable, fridge-friendly dishes.
Industry has responded with speed. Traditional recipes are being re-engineered into standardized products that can be 34)________ while retaining familiar flavours. Investors have piled in: from farmers and food processors to e-commerce firms and cold-chain logistics(物流) providers. The latter are critical. Without reliable refrigeration, the promise of scale 35)________. Progress has been made, but gaps remain in building a seamless, cost-effective 36)________ network.
Policy has kept pace. In 2022 Guangdong issued “Ten Measures” to promote the sector, while the China Cuisine Association introduced the first industry standard. Labs experimented with gentler cooking methods that preserve colour, aroma and nutrition while 37)________ safety. In 2023 the central government mentioned pre-prepared meals in its annual No. 1 Document, 38)________ them to strategic priority. Yet that same year laid bare the lack of comprehensive national standards, sparking calls for clearer definitions and tighter 39)________.
Consumers, meanwhile, are 40)________ back. Outrage flared in September 2025 after live-streaming entrepreneur Luo Yonghao clashed with the restaurant chain Xibei, accused of serving reheated meals as fresh. Social media demanded “mandatory disclosure of pre-prepared items”.
(B)
external B. bounce C. sharply D. uniform AB. related AC. glance
AD. suspended BC. barely BD. tissue CD. contract ABC. abnormally
Have you ever noticed something swimming in your field of vision It may look like a tiny worm or a transparent blob, and whenever you try to get a closer look, it disappears, only to reappear as soon as you shift your 41)________. But don’t go rinsing out your eyes! What you are seeing is a common phenomenon known as a floater.
The scientific name for these objects is Muscae volitantes, Latin for“flying flies,”and true to their name, they can be somewhat annoying. But they’re not actually bugs or any kind of 42)________ objects at all. Rather, they exist inside your eyeball.
Floaters may seem to be alive, since they move and change shape, but they are not alive. Floaters are tiny objects that cast shadows on the retina(视网膜), the light-sensitive 43)________ at the back of your eye. They might be red blood cells or clumps of protein. And because they’re 44)________ within the vitreous humor(玻璃体), the gel-like liquid that fills the inside of your eye, floaters drift along with your eye movements. Besides, they seem to 45)________a little when your eye stops.
Floaters may be only 46)________ distinguishable most of the time. They become more visible the closer they are to the retina, just as holding your hand closer to a table with an overhead light will result in a more 47)________ defined shadow.
And floaters are particularly noticeable when you are looking at a(an) 48)________ bright surface, like a blank computer screen, snow, or a clear sky, where the consistency of the background makes them easier to distinguish. The brighter the light is, the more your pupils 49)________. This has an effect similar to replacing a large diffuse light fixture with a single overhead light bulb, which also makes the shadow appear clearer.
Floaters often go unnoticed, as our brain learns to ignore them. However, 50)________ numerous or large floaters that interfere with vision may be a sign of a more serious condition, requiring immediate medical treatment.
III. Cloze (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Unleash the Robotaxi Revolution
In San Francisco and Shenzhen, the future is already here. Between April and June Waymo, an American firm, conducted 2.2m robotaxi trips in California—five times as many as in the same period in 2024. 51)________, over the same three months Baidu, a Chinese tech giant, provided 2.2m trips across 16 mostly Chinese cities—a two-fold increase.
That is exciting for residents of those places. Since robotaxis have fewer accidents than human drivers, they are almost certainly 52)________ lives. Unlike private cars, they can be in near-continuous use; the more popular they become, the more they will free up space and make 53)________ life more comfortable. Yet city dwellers elsewhere have less to celebrate. In many places, regulation is a roadblock to self-driving taxis.
Some restrictions slow the development of the tech itself. In America firms need 54)________ from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to go against federal standards by building a car without pedals or a steering wheel, both of which are more 55)________ to a human than to an AI driving system. And the NHTSA can allow each firm to make only 2,500 non-standard cars a year.
Other regulations control or even 56)_______ the operations of robotaxis. In New York the Taxi & Limousine Commission prohibits the use of autonomous vehicles in paid for-hire services. City councillors in Boston have proposed legislation that would require a “human-safety operator” in each. Only a few European countries are testing them. In Germany robocabs must be 57)________ by a human at all times.
Such policies stem from two 58)________: that robotaxis could crash into pedestrians or oncoming traffic; and that they will displace human workers, who must be 59)_______. Neither of these justifications holds water.
Consider safety first. Regulators are right to require that new technology be tested. But the evidence so far is 60)________. A study by Waymo and Swiss Re, a reinsurer, finds that Waymos are involved in 88% fewer property-damage claims and 92% fewer injury claims per mile than humans. Other firms may struggle to match those numbers, and the vehicles have so far been let loose in “easy” cities. 61)________, the figures suggest that robotaxis will make roads safer. Regulators in the West could follow China and make it easier to run pilot projects.
What about the job-killing effects Josh Hawley, a Republican senator, wants to ban self-driving cabs because they are “terrible for working people”, since they may lead to job losses among taxi drivers. More often, the concern is 62)________. Protests from drivers influence the calculations of city officials, who then insist on ultra-strict safety standards. In China, too, fears of job losses have slowed the transition from 63)________ to real-world use.
Yet the impact on taxi drivers must be set against the benefits to a wider group: for every cabbie in San Francisco, there are hundreds of riders and residents. And the relationship between new and old can be surprising. In San Francisco robotaxis are replacing private cars rather than 64)________ taxis. Although robotaxis have made their way into people’s life, demand for ordinary cabs has held up, perhaps because they are sometimes more available.
Even with flexible regulation, robotaxis would not be everywhere. The challenge of making them commercially feasible would 65)________. Each Waymo car, with all its sensors and the latest software, is said to cost around $150,000; mapping and testing can be expensive. Remove regulatory roadblocks, though, and firms could at least have the chance to expand their operations, improve the technology and bring down costs—while more consumers enjoy the ride.
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A. cruel generous useful accustomed
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IV. Reading Comprehension (40’)
Section A (32’)
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand. But can you even imagine that hundreds of people could be deeply captivated by the cover of a science magazine This impressive achievement was realized when Wang Yixi and his team created the cover for an October issue of Structure — a well-known journal based in the United States and part of Cell Press.
The cover shows a Chinese ink painting of a farmer leading an ox across a bridge, followed by a boy with a bamboo basket on his back. In addition to the jelly fish and lotus flowers in the river under the bridge, chemical compounds and elemental structures were highlighted and weaved into the picture.
It vividly depicts the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team.
The drawing was one of many works by Wang and his team. Over the past four years, they have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields.
While studying chemistry at university, Wang said that he often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain, but the amount of text was too large and abstract. That’s why he later ran Xixizhiyan company to turn graphics into fine art.
“What we do is to visualize abstract concepts and help scientific researchers demonstrate their findings in a straightforward and distinctive way,” said Wang, now in his 30s.
Wang said that many science journals have allowed, and even encouraged, paper authors to come up with such illustrations. The rapidly rising number of Chinese scientific papers has resulted in increased demand from Chinese scientists who want illustrations for their work to carry distinctive Chinese elements.
“The most popular cultural elements include tai chi and peony flowers, as well as the Monkey King and other figures from classic Chinese literature works,” Wang said.
Since many Western editors or paper reviewers might not be familiar with some Chinese elements, Wang recommends that his clients submit certain introductory words explaining the drawings, such as how they are associated with the science.
“It’s fulfilling whenever we produce a special piece of work that combines cutting-edge scientific findings and traditional Chinese culture that meets the expectations of the client,” Wang said.
66. What does the illustration mentioned in the first two paragraphs essentially show
A. The discovery of a new species.
B. The formation process of a compound.
C. A beautiful rural scene in China.
D. A recent scientific achievement.
67. The underlined word “captivated” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A. confused B. misled
C. fascinated D. encouraged
68. Who are the target clients for Wang’s illustrations
A. Chinese research paper authors.
B. Western scientific community.
C. Science journal editors.
D. Scientific photographers.
69. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Wang’s team aids scientists with paper illustrations.
B. Chinese culture appears in global science journals.
C. Wang’s team makes scientific art with Chinese culture.
D. Science journals need creative Chinese visual works.
(B)
The Cambridge Dictionary has officially added 6,000 new words this year, including a wave of slang inspired by social media. Let’s look at some of them.
Delulu--This comes from the word “delusional”, which means believing things that are not real or true, often because you want to. For example, if you’re at a concert sitting at the very back and you think an idol made eye contact with you, people may call you “delulu”.
Solulu--Derived from “solution,” this term contrasts with “delulu” to mean “no viable answer.” It gained attention after Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese used “delulu with no solulu” in a parliamentary debate, mocking unrealistic optimism. Social media users now employ it in contexts like climate discussions: “Denying environmental collapse is delulu, and there’s no solulu without action!”.
Lewk--It is a play on the word “look”, meaning a particular style, fashion or outfit, especially one that is unusual and impressive.
Mouse jiggler--A mouse jiggler is a device or software tool people sometimes use when working from home. It makes your computer mouse move a little on its own so your computer stays active, making it look like you are working even when you are not.
Inspo--This is short for “inspiration”. It refers to something, especially things posted online, that gives you ideas or makes you want to do something.
Tradwife--A portmanteau of “traditional” and “wife,” this term refers to a social media trend where women embrace stereotypical gender roles (e.g., cooking, homemaking) on platforms like Instagram. It highlights debates around nostalgia for domesticity versus modern feminism. A tradwife might share posts like “Living my best 1950s housewife aesthetic!”
Which of the following situations best fits the meaning of “delulu”
A. A student studies very hard this term and believes he will pass the exam.
B. A boy believes his casual tweet can get a reply from Taylor Swift.
C. A cook follows a recipe and believes the dish will taste very good.
D. A hiker checks the weather and believes it will not rain the next day.
71. The underlined word “viable” in the description of “solulu” most probably mean________.
A. Easy to understand B. Likely to work
C. Hard to find D. Fun to discuss
72. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A. “Delulu” refers to someone who refuses to accept solutions to problems.
B. “Solulu” got public attention mainly because of its use in climate discussions.
C. “Lewk” is used to describe a fashion style that is both unique and striking.
D. A “mouse jiggler” is a hardware device that helps people work more efficiently at home.
73. What can we infer about the new words added to the Cambridge Dictionary
A. Most of them are created by combining existing words.
B. They are mainly used in formal written English.
C. Many of them originate from social media culture.
D. They all describe new technologies or lifestyles.
(C)
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant(搜查令) if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to try to avoid a sweeping ruling, especially one that breaks the longstanding rule that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are observable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by getting rid of California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment(美国宪法第四修正案)when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing”, meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
74. The underlined word “lame” in the fourth paragraph may mean ________.
A. positive and inspiring B. weak and unconvincing
C. strong and fierce D. plain and simple
75. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is equivalent to________.
A. getting into one’s residence B. scanning one’s correspondence
C. going through one’s wallet D. driving one’s passenger car
76. The author quotes Orin Kerrs’ comparison to indicate that __________.
A. the Constitution should be implemented flexibly by the authorities
B. new technology requires new interpretation of the Constitution
C. California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
D. principles of the Constitution should never be altered
77. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of ________.
A. cautiousness B. indifference C. tolerance D. disapproval
(D)
Reports that English Heritage, the charity that runs more than 400 state-owned buildings and monuments, plans to reduce its staff and opening hours as part of a cost-cutting drive should worry anyone who cares about the nation’s culture. These castles, ruins and other sites play an important part in people’s lives — particularly on weekends and holidays, when treasured memories are made. The value placed on access to these historic places can be seen from the fact that more than 1.3 million people are members. Stonehenge has 1.5 million visitors annually.
It and other jewels in the charity’s crown will be left alone by the accountants. Winter closures are planned only at less-favoured sites where visitors are sparse, bosses have said. But given that membership, visitor and volunteer numbers are all up, it is concerning that the charity is so short of money that it may cut nearly 200 jobs.
English Heritage is a less-glamorous cousin to the UK’s best-known buildings and landscapes charity, the National Trust (which operates in Northern Ireland and Wales as well as England). While the Trust, which was founded in 1895, has an elected council of members, English Heritage’s members get free entry and parking but no voting rights. Measured by members and income, English Heritage is roughly a fifth of the Trust’s size, and has existed in its current form since 2015.
This was when David Cameron’s government decided to take away its government grant and spin it off as an independent entity. The optimistic gloss put on this was that it would enable the organisation “to grow with greater freedom”. Instead, just a couple of years after public funding was fully phased out, there is a real chance that the charity’s work will be degraded as a result of the need to make savings.
MPs, members and anyone with an interest in the heritage sector should be dismayed by the prospect of the charity’s workforce being deskilled, if curators are replaced by other staff, as has been reported. Tourists as well as local visitors expect high-quality information and displays at landmarks. But these kinds of visits, combining historical education with pleasure (shops, cafes, children’s games), have been decades in the making — with roots in the postwar campaign to democratise leisure by opening up beautiful buildings that were previously the preserve of the very wealthy to the ticket-buying public.
Experts are part of this winning formula. It is their knowledge that English Heritage, and other organisations, rely on when designing an experience — for example, the walk around the site of the Battle of Hastings — or updating displays to reflect contemporary concerns. Castles that have survived for hundreds of years can withstand a downturn in their keepers’ fortunes. But the historic public realm that they represent, like the rest of the culture sector, is in need of knights to defend it.
What is the author’s main concern about English Heritage
A. Its plan to close some well-known sites in winter.
B. The possible decline in the quality of its work due to cost-cutting.
C. The fact that it has fewer members than the National Trust.
D. Its members’ failure to obtain the voting rights.
79. By saying “It and other jewels in the charity’s crown will be left alone by the accountants”, the author means __________
A. The accountants will avoid making major cost cuts at jewels in the crowns displayed in those sites.
B. Less-favoured sites with sparse visitors will be temporarily closed in winter except those with jewels in crowns.
C. English Heritage will protect all its historic sites from cost-cutting, especially those with jewels in crowns.
D. Popular and valuable sites of English Heritage like Stonehenge will not be targeted by cost-cutting measures.
80. What can we learn about English Heritage from the passage
A. It has existed as an independent entity since the National Trust was founded in 1895.
B. Its members enjoy free entry and parking with voting rights on the charity’s management.
C. It is about one-fifth the scale of the National Trust in terms of membership size and income.
D. It received government grants until a few years after 2015, when public funding was fully stopped.
81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. English Heritage vs. National Trust: Heritage Protection Differences
B. English Heritage: From Public Funding to Cost-Cutting Challenges
C. Stonehenge & Historic Sites: Need More Funds to Survive
D. Experts’ Role in Preserving English Heritage Sites
Section B (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake.
Initial estimates can now be given within minutes after an earthquake.
An offshore quake could cause a large tsunami that reaches the shore within minutes.
Earthquake prediction, practiced anywhere in the world, remains to be proven useful.
AB. This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea.
AC. Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system.
The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on July 30 may have been one of the strongest ever recorded, with a magnitude of 8.8. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people before the tsunami arrived.
To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. 82)_______________________________. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface.
The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean was set up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, when a worldwide network of seismometers (测震仪) was built. 83)_________________________________.
In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital broadband global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake’s size, where the ground split, and how it moved in three dimensions.
84)__________________________________. It uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space using radar. Forecast methods have also improved – scientists have even started using AI programs to make predictions faster and more accurate.
The US Geological Survey pioneered the rapid sharing of earthquake data with the public. 85)__________________________________. Then these are updated over the next few hours as more data are collected.
However, tsunami height predictions are never precise ---- the height can be higher or lower than expected in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public.
V.Summary writing （10’）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
86.
Retailers closed more than 9,000 stores last year. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape “the retail disaster.” It is easy to owe it to the rise of e-commerce, which has boomed while physical stores struggle. But this can be overstated. Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but Internet shopping still represents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales total. Collectively, three major economic forces have had an even bigger impact on physical retail than the Internet has.
To begin with, we have changed where we shop — away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone “Big Box” stores, which is a greater problem for most physical stores.
Also, rising income inequality has left less of the nation’s money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retail stores that aim at them have suffered. It is estimated that since 1970, the share of the nation’s income earned by families in the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the concentration of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. In the latest data, people in the top 10 percent of income saved almost a third of their income after tax, while people in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income. Therefore, as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it has meant higher saving rates overall.
Lastly, we have spent proportionately less of income on things and more on services with every passing decade. Since 1960, we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent. We spend more on education, entertainment, business services and all sorts of other products that aren’t available in traditional retail stores. Over time, retailers selling things will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.
In short, the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of technology.
VI. Translation (15’=3+3+4+5)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
一个人越依恋故土，就越舍不得远走他乡。（attachment）
我小时候卧室墙上挂着一幅世界地图，我时常查阅以获取基础信息。（refer）
我们很遗憾地通知您，无法给未提前注册者提供门票，请上网看开幕式的直播。（available）
多年致力于艰苦训练证实是值得的，如今她常把自己探索深海并安然无恙返回的能力归功于那些极具挑战的潜水课程。（prove）

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