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新人教版八年级上册各单元语法精讲与训练
Unit 1 Happy Holiday – 一般过去时与复合不定代词
一、语法精讲
（一）一般过去时详解
1. 基本概念与时间标志
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。理解这一时态的关键在于识别时间标志词：
- 明确过去时间点：yesterday, last night/week/month, two days ago, in 1999, at that time
- 过去时间段：from 2000 to 2005, during the holiday
- 隐含过去时间：just now（刚刚），the day before yesterday
2. 动词过去式变化规则（需重点记忆）
（1）规则变化（四种类型）：
- 直接加-ed：work → worked, play → played
- 以e结尾加-d：live → lived, hope → hoped
- 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed：study → studied, carry → carried
- 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母加-ed：stop → stopped, plan → planned
注意特殊规则：
- 以y结尾但y前是元音字母时，直接加-ed：play → played, stay → stayed
- 以w, x, y结尾时不双写：fix → fixed, show → showed
（2）不规则变化（需分类记忆）：
- 形式不变：put → put, cut → cut
- 元音变化：sing → sang, drink → drank
- 完全变化：go → went, have → had
建议制作不规则动词表分组记忆，每天背诵10个。
3. 句式结构深度解析
（1）be动词的过去式（was/were）用法：
- 主语为I/he/she/it/单数名词时用was
- 主语为you/we/they/复数名词时用were
- 否定句：was/were后加not（wasn't/weren't）
- 疑问句：将was/were提至句首
（2）实义动词的过去式用法：
- 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
- 否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他
- 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
- 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
特别注意：在否定句和疑问句中，无论主语是什么，动词都要恢复原形。
4. 使用要点
（1）与一般现在时的区别：
- 一般过去时：强调动作发生在过去，与现在无关
- 一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实
（2）常见错误：
- 误用时间状语：I go to school yesterday.（错误）
- 否定句/疑问句中忘用助动词：He didn't went there.（错误）
（二）复合不定代词深度解析
1. 构成分类记忆
some系列（用于肯定句）any系列（用于否定疑问）no系列（否定含义）every系列（全部）
someone/somebody anyone/anybody no one/nobody everyone/everybody
something anything nothing everything
2. 使用规则详解
（1）修饰语位置（后置原则）：
- 正确：something important（重要的事情）
- 错误：important something
（2）谓语动词单数原则：
- Everyone is here.（每个人都在）
- Everything goes well.（一切顺利）
（3）some与any的特殊用法：
- 在表示请求或建议的疑问句中用some：Would you like some tea
- 在表示"任何"的肯定句中用any：You can take any book you like.
（4）否定句中的使用：
- 注意双重否定错误：I don't know nothing.（错误）
- 正确表达：I know nothing. 或 I don't know anything.
二、综合练习
练习一：动词过去式变换
写出下列动词的过去式：
1. study ______ 2. stop ______ 3. play ______ 4. carry ______
5. plan ______ 6. live ______ 7. worry ______ 8. try ______
9. shop ______ 10. hope ______ 11. travel ______ 12. prefer ______
练习二：句型转换
将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句：
1. I watched a movie last night.
否定句：___________________________
疑问句：___________________________
2. She was very happy yesterday.
否定句：___________________________
疑问句：___________________________
3. They visited the museum two days ago.
否定句：___________________________
疑问句：___________________________
练习三：复合不定代词填空
用合适的复合不定代词填空：
1. Is there __________ wrong with your computer
2. __________ called you while you were out.
3. I have __________ important to tell you. Please listen carefully.
4. __________ in our class passed the exam.
5. Would you like __________ to drink I'm really thirsty.
6. I can't find my keys __________. Have you seen them
练习四：改错题
找出并改正下列句子中的错误：
1. Did he went to school yesterday
2. I didn't saw the movie last week.
3. There isn't nobody in the room.
4. I want to tell you important something.
5. Everyone are ready for the party.
练习五：翻译练习
1. 昨晚我做完了所有的作业。
2. 两年前他们住在北京。
3. 有人给你留了张纸条。
4. 房间里没有什么有趣的东西。
5. 你想吃点什么吗？
练习六：情景对话
补全对话：
A: What did you do last weekend
B: I __________ (visit) my grandparents. How about you
A: I __________ (stay) at home and __________ (watch) TV.
B: Did you watch the football match
A: No, I __________ (not watch) it. __________ (be) it exciting
B: Yes, it __________ (be). __________ (be) there __________ interesting on TV
A: Not really. __________ (be) all boring.
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home – 情态动词 can / could
一、语法精讲
（一）can的用法深度解析
1. 表示能力的三种情况
（1）先天具备的能力：Birds can fly.
（2）后天学会的能力：I can speak three languages.
（3）客观条件允许的能力：I can come tomorrow.（时间允许）
注意：can表示能力时相当于be able to，但can只有现在时和过去时（could），而be able to有更多时态变化。
2. 表示许可的用法
（1）请求许可：
- Can I use your phone （最常用）
- Could I... （更礼貌）
- May I... （最正式）
（2）给予许可：You can go now.
（3）拒绝许可：No, you can't.
3. 表示推测的用法（重点难点）
can表示推测时只能用于：
- 否定句：He can't be at home.（他不可能在家）
- 疑问句：Can he be telling the truth （他可能说实话吗？）
不能用于肯定句表示推测，这是与must, may, might的重要区别。
（二）could的用法深度解析
1. 作为can的过去式
（1）表示过去的能力：I could run fast when I was young.
（2）表示过去的可能性：He could be late yesterday.（他昨天可能迟到了）
2. 表示委婉请求
（1）请求别人做某事：
- Could you open the window （比Can you...更礼貌）
- 回答时仍用can：Yes, I can. / Sorry, I can't.
（2）请求允许自己做某事：
- Could I ask you a question
- 回答：Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
3. 表示可能性（比can语气弱）
- It could rain later.（一会儿可能会下雨）
- He could be in the library.（他可能在图书馆）
（三）can与could的区别总结
can could
| 时间 | 现在 | 过去/现在（委婉）
| 语气 | 直接 | 委婉礼貌
| 能力 | 现在能力 | 过去能力
|可能性| 较大 | 较小
|正式程度|非正式 | 较正式
二、综合练习
练习一：用can/could填空
1. __________ you swim when you were five years old
2. __________ I use your dictionary Mine is at home.
3. She __________ speak four languages fluently.
4. __________ you help me with this heavy box
5. It __________ be true. I don't believe it.
6. __________ you tell me the way to the station, please
练习二：句型转换
1. He is able to finish the work in two hours.（用can改写）
___________________________
2. Can I borrow your pen （用更礼貌的方式表达）
___________________________
3. It's possible that she is in the classroom.（用could表示）
___________________________
4. I was able to read when I was four.（用could改写）
___________________________
练习三：情景反应
写出合适的回答：
1. A: Could you pass me the salt
B: ___________________________（肯定回答）
2. A: Can I go out with my friends tonight
B: ___________________________（否定回答并说明原因）
3. A: Can he be the thief
B: ___________________________（表示不可能）
4. A: Could you help me with my homework
B: ___________________________（委婉拒绝）
练习四：改错题
1. He cans play the piano very well.
2. Could I use your phone Yes, you could.
3. She can be at home now.（表示推测的肯定句）
4. I could finished my homework yesterday.
练习五：翻译练习
1. 你会说英语吗？
2. 我可以进来吗？
3. 他不可能只有十岁。
4. 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？
5. 我小时候会骑自行车。
练习六：综合填空
用can, could, can't, couldn't填空：
When I was young, I (1)__________ swim, but now I (2)__________ swim very well. Yesterday I (3)__________ finish my homework because it was too difficult. (4)__________ you help me with it today I know you (5)__________ do it easily. (6)__________ I come to your house this afternoon
Unit 3 Same or Different – 形容词、副词比较级
一、语法精讲
（一）比较级的构成规则
1. 规则变化分类
（1）单音节词和部分双音节词：
- 一般情况：tall → taller, fast → faster
- 以e结尾：nice → nicer, large → larger
- 辅音字母+y：happy → happier, early → earlier
- 重读闭音节结尾：big → bigger, hot → hotter
（2）多音节词和部分双音节词：
- 形容词：more beautiful, more interesting
- 副词：more slowly, more carefully
2. 不规则变化（熟记）
- good/well → better
- bad/ill → worse
- many/much → more
- little → less
- far → farther/further（farther指距离，further指程度）
3. 形容词比较级前加more的情况
（1）双音节词以-ful, -less, -ous, -ing, -ed结尾：more careful, more famous
（2）所有三音节及以上形容词：more important, more difficult
（3）部分双音节词两种形式均可：clever → cleverer/more clever
（二）比较级句型深度解析
1. 基本比较句型
（1）A + be + 比较级 + than + B
- 注意：than是连词，后面接从句或代词宾格
- 正确：He is taller than I (am). / He is taller than me.
（2）A + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
- She runs faster than I (do).
2. 特殊比较句型
（1）比较级+and+比较级：越来越...
- The weather is getting colder and colder.
（2）the+比较级..., the+比较级...：越...就越...
- The more you practice, the better you will be.
（3）Which/Who + be/动词 + 比较级, A or B
- Which is bigger, the sun or the moon
3. 比较级的修饰语
- 表示"...得多"：much, far, a lot, a great deal
- 表示"稍微"：a little, a bit, slightly
- 表示"甚至"：even, still
注意：very不能修饰比较级
（三）原级比较as...as结构
1. 肯定形式：as + 原级 + as（和...一样）
- He is as tall as his brother.
2. 否定形式：not as/so + 原级 + as（不如...）
- He is not as tall as his brother.
二、综合练习
练习一：写出比较级形式
1. short → ______ 2. easy → ______ 3. thin → ______
4. important → ______ 5. good → ______ 6. bad → ______
7. carefully → ______ 8. far → ______ 9. little → ______
10. funny → ______ 11. hot → ______ 12. expensive → ______
练习二：用比较级填空
1. This box is __________ (heavy) than that one.
2. She sings __________ (beautifully) than her sister.
3. The __________ (much) you read, the __________ (much) you know.
4. Days are getting __________ and __________ (long) in summer.
5. He is __________ (tall) than any other student in his class.
练习三：句型转换
1. Tom is 1.7 meters. John is 1.8 meters.（合并为一句）
John is __________ Tom.
2. This book is interesting. That book is more interesting.（用比较级连接）
That book is __________ this one.
3. I have 5 books. He has 10 books.（用many的比较级）
He has __________ books __________ I.
练习四：选择正确的词
1. She is __________ (more taller/much taller) than her sister.
2. This problem is __________ (more difficult/much difficult) than that one.
3. The __________ (more, most) you eat, the __________ (fatter, fattest) you will be.
4. Which is __________ (bigger, biggest), an elephant or a whale
练习五：翻译练习
1. 我的房间比你的房间大。
2. 他跑得比我快得多。
3. 这本书比那本书有趣。
4. 天气越来越热了。
5. 你练习得越多，说得就越好。
练习六：综合改错
1. He is more taller than me.
2. This is more better than that.
3. She is the taller of the two.
4. The more you study, the more you get knowledge.
5. He runs more fast than I.
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals – 形容词、副词最高级
一、语法精讲
（一）最高级的构成规则
1. 规则变化（与比较级对应记忆）
（1）单音节和部分双音节词：
- 一般情况：tall → tallest
- 以e结尾：large → largest
- 辅音字母+y：happy → happiest
- 重读闭音节结尾：big → biggest
（2）多音节和部分双音节词：
- 形容词：the most beautiful
- 副词：(the) most carefully
2. 不规则变化（与比较级一起记忆）
- good/well → best
- bad/ill → worst
- many/much → most
- little → least
- far → farthest/furthest
（二）最高级句型深度解析
1. 基本句型结构
（1）主语 + be + the + 形容词最高级 + (名词) + in/of短语
- He is the tallest (student) in our class.
- This is the most interesting book of all.
（2）主语 + 动词 + (the) + 副词最高级 + in/of短语
- She runs (the) fastest in her school.
2. 介词in与of的区别
- in + 地点/范围：in China, in the class, in the world
- of + 同类人或物：of all the students, of the three books
记忆技巧：in表范围，of表同类比较
3. 特殊句型
（1）one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词：最...之一
- Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
注意：谓语动词用单数，因为主语是one
（2）the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词：第几最...
- The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
（3）疑问句型：
- Which is the largest, A, B or C
- Who runs (the) fastest in your class
（三）使用要点和常见错误
1. 定冠词the的使用
- 形容词最高级前必须加the
- 副词最高级前the可省略
- 当最高级前有物主代词时不加the：my best friend
2. 比较范围必须明确
错误：He is the tallest.（没有比较范围）
正确：He is the tallest in his class.
3. 最高级与比较级的转换
- He is taller than any other student in his class.
= He is the tallest in his class.
二、综合练习
练习一：写出最高级形式
1. long → ______ 2. happy → ______ 3. big → ______
4. interesting → ______ 5. good → ______ 6. bad → ______
7. carefully → ______ 8. far → ______ 9. little → ______
10. busy → ______ 11. hot → ______ 12. expensive → ______
练习二：用最高级填空
1. Mount Qomolangma is __________ (high) mountain in the world.
2. She works __________ (hard) of all the students.
3. This is __________ (interesting) movie I have ever seen.
4. The Nile is __________ (long) river in Africa.
5. He is one of __________ (famous) scientists in China.
练习三：选择正确的介词
1. He is the tallest __________ (in/of) his family.
2. This is the best __________ (in/of) all the books.
3. She runs the fastest __________ (in/of) our school.
4. It's the most expensive car __________ (in/of) the world.
练习四：句型转换
1. No other student is taller than Tom in his class.
Tom is __________ student in his class.
2. This book is more interesting than any other book in the library.
This is __________ book in the library.
3. China is larger than any other country in Asia.
China is __________ country in Asia.
练习五：翻译练习
1. 他是我们班最聪明的学生。
2. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。
3. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
4. 她唱得是我们三个人中最好的。
5. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。
练习六：综合改错
1. He is tallest student in our class.
2. This is most interesting book of all.
3. She is one of the best student in our school.
4. Which is largest, the sun, the earth or the moon
5. He runs fastest than anyone else.
练习七：综合填空
用适当的最高级形式填空：
The Amazon rainforest is (1)__________ (large) tropical rainforest in the world. It has (2)__________ (many) species of plants and animals than any other place. The anaconda is one of (3)__________ (long) snakes in the world. The Amazon River is (4)__________ (second long) river in the world. This area is also (5)__________ (important) for our planet's climate.
Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! – 感叹句与名词
一、语法精讲
（一）感叹句深度解析
1. what引导的感叹句结构分析
（1）What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)
- 核心：what修饰名词
- 注意：名词前必须有a/an，除非是专有名词或不可数名词
- 例句：What an interesting book (it is)!
（2）What + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)
- 复数名词前不加a/an：What beautiful flowers!
- 不可数名词前不加a/an：What delicious food!
记忆技巧：看到名词（尤其是可数名词单数）用what
2. how引导的感叹句结构分析
（1）How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)
- 核心：how修饰形容词或副词
- 例句：How fast (he runs)! How beautiful (the flower is)!
（2）How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)
- 注意语序：how + 形容词 + a/an + 名词
- 例句：How interesting a book (it is)!
（3）How + 主语 + 谓语（修饰动词）
- 例句：How time flies!（时间飞逝）
记忆技巧：看到形容词/副词用how
3. what与how感叹句的转换规则
（1）转换公式：
- What a/an + 形容词 + 名词 = How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词
- What + 形容词 + 复数/不可数名词 = How + 形容词 + the + 名词 + be
（2）转换示例：
- What a clever boy he is! = How clever the boy is!
- What beautiful flowers they are! = How beautiful the flowers are!
4. 使用注意事项
（1）主语和谓语的省略：口语中常省略
- What a pity!（省略it is）
- How wonderful!（省略it is）
（2）注意冠词的使用：
- 单数可数名词前必须加a/an
- 复数名词和不可数名词前不加a/an
（3）语序问题：how修饰动词时，动词仍在主语后
（二）名词的可数与不可数
1. 可数名词与不可数名词的区分标准
（1）可数名词特征：
- 可以数出具体数量
- 有单复数形式变化
- 可以用a/an/one/two等修饰
（2）不可数名词特征：
- 不能数出具体数量
- 没有复数形式
- 不能用a/an直接修饰
2. 常见不可数名词分类记忆
（1）物质名词：water, milk, bread, rice, meat, air
（2）抽象名词：love, happiness, music, time, weather
（3）学科名词：math, physics, chemistry, English
（4）总称名词：furniture, luggage, equipment
3. 不可数名词的数量表达
（1）使用量词：
- a piece of paper/information/news
- a glass of water/milk
- a cup of tea/coffee
- a bottle of juice/wine
（2）量词的变化：量词本身有单复数
- one piece of bread
- two pieces of bread
4. 修饰词的搭配
（1）可数名词：many, few, a few, several, a number of
（2）不可数名词：much, little, a little, a great deal of
（3）两者皆可：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
5. 主谓一致规则
（1）可数名词单数：谓语用单数
（2）可数名词复数：谓语用复数
（3）不可数名词：谓语用单数
（4）量词结构：谓语由量词决定
- Two cups of tea are on the table.
（三）可数名词复数变化规则
1. 规则变化（系统记忆）
（1）一般加-s：book → books, desk → desks
（2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es：box → boxes, watch → watches
（3）以辅音字母+o结尾：
- 有生命：tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes
- 无生命：photo → photos, piano → pianos
（4）以辅音字母+y结尾：y→i+es：baby → babies, story → stories
（5）以f/fe结尾：f/fe→v+es：leaf → leaves, knife → knives
2. 不规则变化分类记忆
（1）改变元音：man → men, woman → women, tooth → teeth
（2）词尾变化：child → children, ox → oxen
（3）单复同形：sheep → sheep, deer → deer, Chinese → Chinese
（4）只有复数：trousers, glasses, scissors
3. 复合名词的复数
（1）man/woman修饰的名词：两个词都变复数
- man teacher → men teachers
- woman doctor → women doctors
（2）其他复合名词：一般在主要名词后加-s
- boy friend → boy friends
- passer-by → passers-by
二、综合练习
练习一：感叹句改写
用what或how改写下列句子：
1. The movie is very interesting.
What __________________________!
How __________________________!
2. She sings very beautifully.
What __________________________!
How __________________________!
3. It's a sunny day.
What __________________________!
How __________________________!
练习二：判断名词可数性
将下列名词分类：
water, apple, advice, furniture, student, information, bread, egg, music, table
可数名词：__________________________
不可数名词：________________________
练习三：名词复数变换
写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. tomato → ______ 2. knife → ______ 3. child → ______
4. sheep → ______ 5. photo → ______ 6. woman → ______
7. tooth → ______ 8. box → ______ 9. baby → ______
10. piano → ______
练习四：量词搭配
用合适的量词填空：
1. a ______ of water 2. two ______ of bread
3. three ______ of news 4. a ______ of furniture
5. several ______ of paper
练习五：综合填空
用所给词的正确形式填空：
1. What ______ (a/an) exciting game!
2. How ______ (fast) he runs!
3. I need two ______ (piece) of ______ (paper).
4. There ______ (be) some milk in the bottle.
5. How many ______ (child) ______ (be) there in the park
练习六：翻译练习
1. 多漂亮的花啊！
2. 她跳舞跳得多美啊！
3. 我需要一些建议。
4. 桌子上有三杯茶。
5. 这些是女医生。
Unit 6 Plan for Yourself – be going to与动词不定式
一、语法精讲
（一）be going to结构详解
1. 三种主要用法
（1）表示意图：主语打算做某事
- I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend.
- 注意：必须是主语自己有意识的行为
（2）表示计划：事先安排好的事情
- We're going to have a meeting tomorrow.
- 强调：计划已经制定，不是临时决定
（3）表示预测：有迹象表明要发生的事
- Look at the clouds! It's going to rain.
- 基于：现有迹象的判断
2. 句型结构分析
（1）肯定句：主语 + be + going to + 动词原形
- be随主语变化：I am, He/She/It is, We/You/They are
（2）否定句：主语 + be not + going to + 动词原形
- 缩写：isn't going to, aren't going to
（3）疑问句：
- 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？
- 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？
3. 时间状语搭配
（1）明确将来时间：tomorrow, next week, in 2025
（2）相对将来时间：soon, in a few days, later
（3）隐含将来：this afternoon/evening（说话时还未到）
4. 特殊注意事项
（1）there be句型：There is/are going to be...
- There is going to be a party tonight.
- 注意：be不能变为am/is/are
（2）客观事实不用be going to：
- 正确：Tomorrow is Sunday.
- 错误：Tomorrow is going to be Sunday.
（3）位置移动动词的特殊性：
- 用现在进行时表示将来：He is leaving tomorrow.
- 但也可以用be going to：He is going to leave tomorrow.
（二）动词不定式作宾语
1. 基本概念
（1）构成：to + 动词原形
（2）性质：非谓语动词，不能单独作谓语
（3）功能：在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语等
2. 常接不定式作宾语的动词分类记忆
（1）表示意愿：want, wish, hope, would like
（2）表示计划：plan, decide, prepare
（3）表示同意/拒绝：agree, refuse, promise
（4）学习相关：learn, begin, start
（5）其他：try, forget, remember
记忆口诀：想要学习早准备，希望同意拒忘记，计划决定去尝试
3. 特殊句型结构
（1）形式宾语it：find/think/feel/make + it + 形容词 + to do
- I find it difficult to learn English.
- it是形式宾语，to learn English是真正宾语
（2）疑问词+不定式：know/decide/ask/show + 疑问词 + to do
- I don't know what to do.
- 相当于一个宾语从句：I don't know what I should do.
4. 使用要点
（1）有些动词后接不定式表示未发生的动作：
- remember to do（记得要做）
- forget to do（忘记要做）
（2）有些动词可接动名词也可接不定式，意思不同：
- stop to do（停下来去做某事）
- stop doing（停止做某事）
二、综合练习
练习一：be going to填空
用be going to的正确形式填空：
1. I ______ (visit) the museum tomorrow.
2. They ______ (not come) to the party.
3. ______ you ______ (watch) the football match
4. What ______ she ______ (do) next week
5. There ______ (be) a concert in the park.
练习二：动词不定式填空
用动词不定式完成句子：
1. I want ______ (be) a doctor in the future.
2. He decided ______ (study) abroad.
3. She promised ______ (help) me with my English.
4. They are learning ______ (speak) French.
5. We plan ______ (travel) to Japan next year.
练习三：句型转换
1. She will visit her grandparents.（改为be going to句型）
She ______ ______ ______ her grandparents.
2. I don't know what I should do.（改为疑问词+不定式）
I don't know ______ ______ ______.
3. Learning English is interesting.（用形式宾语it改写）
I find ______ ______ ______ learn English.
练习四：选择正确的动词形式
1. I forgot ______ (to bring/bringing) my homework.
2. They stopped ______ (to have/having) a rest.
3. Remember ______ (to close/closing) the door when you leave.
4. She began ______ (to learn/learning) piano at the age of five.
练习五：翻译练习
1. 我打算明天去图书馆。
2. 他决定努力学习英语。
3. 我不知道该买哪本书。
4. 我发现学好数学很难。
5. 天气看起来要下雨了。
练习六：综合改错
1. I going to visit Beijing next month.
2. She wants going to the cinema.
3. There are going to has a meeting.
4. I find to learn English is difficult.
5. He doesn't know how does it.
Unit 7 When Tomorrow Comes – will表将来
一、语法精讲
（一）will结构详解
1. 基本用法
（1）表示将来发生的动作或状态
- I will call you tomorrow.
- 强调：客观上将发生，不强调主观安排
（2）表示临时决定
- The phone is ringing. I'll answer it.
- 对比：be going to表示事先计划
（3）表示意愿或承诺
- I will help you with your homework.
- 体现：说话人的决心或承诺
2. 句型结构
（1）肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形
- will无人称和数的变化：I/You/He/We will
（2）否定句：主语 + will not/won't + 动词原形
- will not可缩写为won't
（3）疑问句：
- 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形？
- 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形？
3. 时间状语（与be going to相同）
- tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future
（二）will与be going to的区别
1. 含义侧重不同
be going to will
| 主观性 | 强（计划、意图） | 弱（客观预测） |
| 时间性 | 近期、安排好的 | 可远可近 |
| 临时性 | 事先考虑 | 临时决定 |
2. 使用场景对比
（1）计划 vs 临时决定
- I'm going to study abroad.（早有计划）
- I'll have a cup of tea.（临时决定）
（2）迹象预测 vs 客观预测
- It's going to rain.（看到乌云）
- It will be sunny tomorrow.（天气预报）
3. 回答方式
- 问：Will you come to my party
- 答：Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
（三）其他表将来的方式
1. 现在进行时表将来
（1）适用动词：come, go, leave, start, arrive等位置移动动词
（2）示例：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
（3）特点：表示按计划、安排要发生的事
2. 一般现在时表将来
（1）适用情况：时间表、日程安排
（2）示例：The train leaves at 8:00 tomorrow.
（3）特点：强调不可更改的客观安排
3. be about to表将来
（1）含义：即将发生
（2）示例：The meeting is about to start.
（3）特点：表示最近的将来
（四）there be句型的一般将来时
1. 两种表达方式
（1）There will be...
- There will be a meeting tomorrow.
- will后必须用be原形
（2）There is/are going to be...
- There is going to be a storm.
- be随主语变化
2. 使用要点
（1）主语决定be动词形式：
- There will be two meetings.（正确）
- There will are two meetings.（错误）
（2）否定形式：
- There won't be any class tomorrow.
- There isn't going to be a party.
二、综合练习
练习一：用will的正确形式填空
1. I ______ (help) you with your homework.
2. They ______ (not come) to the meeting.
3. ______ you ______ (be) free tomorrow
4. What ______ we ______ (do) next
5. There ______ (be) more cars in the future.
练习二：选择will或be going to
1. Look at the dark sky! It ______ rain.
2. I've decided. I ______ study medicine in college.
3. The phone is ringing. I ______ answer it.
4. They ______ get married next month.
5. According to the weather report, it ______ be sunny tomorrow.
练习三：用其他方式表达将来
1. He will leave for Beijing tomorrow.（用现在进行时）
He ______ ______ for Beijing tomorrow.
2. The plane takes off at 9:00.（翻译并说明时态）
__________________________
3. I'm going to visit my grandparents.（用will改写，体现临时决定）
Oh, I think I ______ ______ my grandparents.
练习四：there be句型转换
1. There is going to be a concert.（用will改写）
There ______ ______ a concert.
2. There will be many students at the party.（改为否定句）
There ______ ______ many students at the party.
3. Will there be any questions （作肯定回答）
______, ______ ______.
练习五：翻译练习
1. 明天将会下雨。
2. 我决定要当一名老师。
3. 火车将在8点出发。
4. 将来会有更多的机器人。
5. 我马上就来。
练习六：综合改错
1. He wills come tomorrow.
2. There will has a meeting.
3. I will to finish my homework.
4. She is going study abroad.
5. Will you to help me
Unit 8 Let's Communicate! – If条件状语从句
一、语法精讲
（一）if从句基本结构
1. 两种语序
（1）从句在前，主句在后：If + 从句，主句
- If it rains, I will stay at home.
- 注意：用逗号分隔
（2）主句在前，从句在后：主句 + if + 从句
- I will stay at home if it rains.
- 注意：不用逗号
2. 时态原则："主将从现"
（1）基本规则：
- 主句：一般将来时（will/shall + 动词原形）
- 从句：一般现在时
（2）示例：
- If he comes, I will tell him.
- 从句用comes（一般现在时），主句用will tell（一般将来时）
3. 扩展规则
（1）主句含情态动词：从句仍用一般现在时
- If you are tired, you should rest.
（2）主句是祈使句：从句用一般现在时
- Call me if you need help.
（3）表示客观真理：主从句都用一般现在时
- If you heat ice, it melts.
（二）unless的用法
1. 基本含义：unless = if not（除非，如果不）
- You will fail unless you work hard.
- = You will fail if you don't work hard.
2. 使用要点
（1）unless引导的从句用一般现在时
（2）unless本身已有否定含义，从句中不用not
- 正确：unless you work hard
- 错误：unless you don't work hard
（三）条件句的转换表达
1. 祈使句+and/or+将来时
（1）and表示顺承：Study hard and you will pass.
（2）or表示转折：Hurry up or you will be late.
2. with/without短语
（1）with表示有条件：With your help, I will succeed.
（2）without表示无条件：Without water, we can't live.
（四）特殊注意事项
1. if从句中的any
- 条件句中常用any，不用some
- If you have any questions, ask me.
2. 动词替代
- 为避免重复，用do/does/did替代前面提到的动词
- A: I will go to the party.
B: If you do, you will have fun.
3. if的两种含义
（1）引导条件状语从句：如果
- If it rains, I will stay at home.
（2）引导宾语从句：是否
- I don't know if he will come.
4. 真实条件与非真实条件
（1）真实条件：可能实现的条件（本单元内容）
- If I have time, I will help you.
（2）非真实条件：虚拟语气（以后学习）
- If I were you, I would go.
二、综合练习
练习一：用动词正确形式填空
1. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we ______ (not go) hiking.
2. If you ______ (study) hard, you ______ (pass) the exam.
3. He ______ (help) you if you ______ (ask) him.
4. If she ______ (have) time, she ______ (visit) us.
5. ______ (call) me if you ______ (need) help.
练习二：if与unless转换
1. You will be late if you don't hurry.
You will be late ______ you hurry.
2. I won't go unless you go with me.
I won't go ______ you ______ go with me.
3. If you don't practice, you won't improve.
You won't improve ______ you practice.
练习三：句型转换
1. If you work hard, you will succeed.（用祈使句+and改写）
______ hard ______ you will succeed.
2. If you don't help me, I can't finish it.（用without改写）
______ your help, I can't finish it.
3. Study hard, or you will fail.（用if改写）
______ you ______ study hard, you will fail.
练习四：选择any或some
1. If you have ______ questions, please ask.
2. I will buy ______ books if I go to the bookstore.
3. He will help you if you have ______ problems.
4. If ______ calls, tell them I'm busy.
练习五：翻译练习
1. 如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。
2. 除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。
3. 早点起床，否则你会迟到。
4. 如果有时间，我会给你打电话。
5. 我不知道他是否会来。
练习六：综合改错
1. If it will rain, I will stay at home.
2. Unless you don't hurry, you will be late.
3. If you have some questions, ask me.
4. Study hard and you will passed the exam.
5. I don't know if he comes tomorrow.

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