Unit 8 Safe and sound 知识点总结2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

Unit 8 Safe and sound 知识点总结2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

资源简介

Unit 8 Safe and sound
Welcome to the unit
1.Safe and sound (P106)
(1)safe adj.安全的(可在句中作表语或定语)反义词:dangerous危险的
safety n.安全 反义词:danger
safely adv.安全地
(2)sound ①adj.健康的,无损伤的 safe and sound安然无恙
②linking v.听起来好像(其后跟形容词作宾语)
③n.声音
(3)辨析:
healthy adj.指身体无病,身心健康、正常
sound adj.指身体各部分/器官无病变
well adj.指身体无疾病
strong adj.指体格健壮,体力或精神上的力量
2.Life is priceless; safety comes first.(P106)
(1) priceless adj.无价的;极珍贵的 同义词:valuable
price n.价格(价格高/低,用high/low)
v.给.....定价
(2) come+序数词 达到/获得第........
come first居于首要地位
3.An emergency is a sudden, serious and dangerous event or situation.(P107)
(1) emergency n.紧急情况 in an emergency/in emergencies在紧急情况下
adj.紧急的;应急的
(2)situation n.情况;处境
in a/an/the......situation在.....的情况下
present situation现状,目前形势
4.People need to act quickly to deal with it.(P107)
deal with 解决;处理(常与how连用)
do with 处理(常与what连用)
5.Power cut leaves thousands without heating.(P107)
(1)power n.电力;力量 power cut 停电
be without power没有电(P115)
powerful adj.强有力的
(2)leave+宾语+宾语补足语 使.....处于.....状态
6.Coach comes off road and hits tree(P107)
(1)英语新闻标题的特点是通常使用现在时态,可以省略一些词语,力求简洁明了。此标题省略了名词前的冠词。
(2)come off (sth)与.....分离(或分开)
7..Three men hurt in car accident(P107)
accident [C]事故;意外事件(主要指交通事故、意外遭遇或不测事件等)
by accident偶然,无意中
8.Flood washes away factory(P107)
wash away冲走
(“动词+副词”结构,若宾语为人称代词,要放在wash和away之间;若宾语为名词,则既可放在wash与away之间,也可放在away之后)
拓展:与away相关的短语:
move away移开 put away收拾 go away离开 fly away飞走 take away拿走
9.Typhoon leaves whole town in terrible state(P107)
(1) leave vt. ①使处于某种状态(常接形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式或过去分词作宾语补足语)
②留下 leave a message留口信 leave sb sth把某物留给某人
(2)state n.①状态,情况 in......state处于.....的状态 ②州,邦
statement n.声明;报告;说明
10.What happened (P107)\
happen vi.发生(与go on 意为“发生”时同义)
一般指偶然发生,其主语常为事,而不能是人。常用于下列结构:
①sth +happen(s) to sb.某人发生了某事
②sth+ happen(s)+地点/时间 某地/某时发生了某事
注意:take place “发生”,但一般指事件是事先安排而发生的,不是偶然发生的。
10.The fog was so thick that drivers couldn’t see more than a metre in front of them.(P107)
(1)so......that....如此....以至于.....
(2)more than ①超过;多于(与over同义,其后常跟数词)
②不仅仅是,不只是
more than a/one.....作主语时,看作三单
(3)辨析:
in front of 表示一者在另一者外部的前面
in the front of 表示一者在另一者内部的前面
Reading
1.At first, I felt a slight shake.(P108)
(1)at first 起初,开始时
(在句中作状语,常用于句首或句末,暗示后文的情况有变化)
反义短语:at last 或in the end “最后,终于“
(2) shake ①[C]摇动
②v.摇动,抖动;(与某人)握手(过去式:shook)
shake hands (with sb) (与某人)握手
2.People shouted in fear.(P108)
(1) shout ①vi. 呼喊,喊叫
shout for help大声呼救
shout at sb朝某人叫骂(多指因生气等非善意地对某人吼叫)
shout to sb朝某人叫喊(多指因距离远而不得不叫喊,不带生气等情感因素)
②[C]呼喊,喊叫声
(2) in fear恐惧地,害怕地
拓展:① “in +名词”表示处于某种状态中。
in danger处于危险中 in trouble处于麻烦中
in surprise惊奇地 in pain处于疼痛中
② “out of +名词”表示脱离某种状态。
out of danger脱离危险 out of trouble摆脱麻烦
(3) fear ① n.恐惧,害怕 in fear of..... 害怕......,担心........
②v.害怕;惧怕;担心
(其后接名词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语)
3.Some ran out of the building.(P108)
run out of ①从.....里跑出去 run out跑出去
②把......用完(主语是人)
run out用完,用光(主语是被用完的物)
4.I tried my best to run out too.(P108)
try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事(相当于do one’s best to do sth)
5.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down. (P108)
(1) in all directions 四处,到处(其中direction为名词,意为“方向”)
in the direction of.... 朝着.....的方向
(2)rain down 雨点般落下
6.It was dark and silent around me.(P108)
silent adj.安静的,沉默的 keep silent保持沉默
silence n.安静,沉默 in silence静静地,默不作声
7.I couldn’t see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was around me.(P108)
(1) not.....at all根本不.....,一点儿也不......
(not常与连系动词be、助动词或情态动词连用,at all常位于句末)
couldn’t see anything at all什么都看不见
拓展:Not at all.别客气/不用谢。(可单独使用,是回答道谢的客套话)
(2) if conj.①是否 (引导宾语从句)
②如果(引导条件状语从句。当主句用一般将来时或主句为祈使句或主句中含有情态动词时,if从句常用一般现在时表将来)
(3)anyone用于肯定句时,意为“任何人;随便哪个人”,强调“所有可能的人都符合,没有例外”。
8.I felt nervous, and my heart was beating really fast.(P108)
(1) nervous adj.焦虑的;胆怯的;惶恐的(在句中常作表语)
be nervous about.....对.....感到紧张
(2) beat (过去式:beat)
①v.(使)规律作响或运动(一般指心脏、脉搏等的跳动)
②v.用力敲打 (指雨、风沙等敲打门窗等,或用手敲打身体的某个部位)
③vt.打败,战胜(其宾语一般是竞争对手)
9.“I’m trapped,”I said to myself.(P109)
say to oneself暗想;自言自语
(oneself是反身代词,意为“某人自己”,在句中要与句子的主语保持一致。)
10.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.(P109)
(1) calm down(使)平静,(使)镇静
calm v.(使)平静,(使)镇静
adj.镇定的;平静的 keep calm保持平静
(2) since ①conj.因为,既然(通常引出已知的原因)
(引导原因状语从句,相当于as,原因通常是众所周知或显而易见的)
②conj.或prep. 自从....以来,自从(后面可接名词或句子,通常和现在完成时连用)
拓展:如果表示必然的因果关系,语气强烈,则用because引导原因状语从句。
11.Hours later, as I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.(P109)
(1)find one’s way out找到出路
(2)辨析:above, over与on(三个词都可表示“在....之上”。)
above 两物体不接触,笼统地表示“上方”,反义词是below。
over 两物体不接触,多用于指垂直的“正上方”,与under互为反义词。
on 两物体接触,指一物体在另一物体的表面上
12.I cried out in a weak voice.(P109)
(1) cry out呼喊,喊叫
(2)weak adj.①虚弱的(可在句中作定语或表语)反义词:strong强壮的
②不擅长,(能力)弱 be weak in....在.....方面弱;不擅长.....
反:be good at.....擅长...... do well in.....在....方面做得好
拓展:①同音词:week 星期
②the weak弱者(相当于the weak people)
“the+形容词”表示“某一类人”
(3) in a.....voice用......的嗓音
辨析:
voice 嗓音 指人说话、唱歌或笑的声音,也可以指鸟叫声。
sound 声音 泛指人能听到的任何声音。
noise 噪声 指不悦耳、吵闹的声音。
13.Then I heard shouts from excited people.(P109)
excited adj. “兴奋的,激动的”,常用来描述人,指处于兴奋的情绪或状态中。
exciting adj. “令人兴奋的,令人激动的“,常用来描述事物,指其本身的属性
让人感到兴奋。
14.Timmy found himself trapped in the building.(P110)
(1) find sb+adj.
find oneself trapped in.....发现某人自己被困在......
(2)trap v.使陷入困境;使被困 n.陷阱
be trapped in....被困在....里
15.It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.(P111)
except prep.除....之外
(表示“从整体中除去......”,有“减”的意思,相当于except for)
拓展:besides prep.除....之外,还有....., 有“加”的意思。
16.I was walking my dog in the forest when I started to smell smoke.(P111)
smoke ① [U]烟 ② vi.冒烟 ③v.吸(烟),抽(烟)
17.I walked a bit further and saw a fire.(P111)
a bit+ adj./adv./比较级
18.Suddenly, there was a loud noise like thunder as a burning tree fell down in front of me------ I was trapped.(P111)
(1)burn ①vi.着火(过去式:burned/burnt)
②v.(使)烧毁,烧伤;烫伤;燃烧(过去式:burned/burnt)
③[C]烧伤,烫伤,灼伤
burn to death烧死 burn out(火)燃尽,熄灭
(2)fall down倒下,掉下来 fall over摔倒
fall off.....=fall from.....从.....摔下来
19.They finally put out the fire.(P111)
put out扑灭,熄灭(宾语是名词时,可以放在out之后,也可以放在put与out之间;宾语为人称代词时,只能放在put与out之间)
Grammar
1.I hope no one was badly hurt.(P112)
be badly hurt受重伤,伤得很重
2.Harbin woke up to a winter wonderland last week.(P113)
wake up ①醒来(指自行醒来)②叫醒
(“动词+副词”结构,若宾语为人称代词,要放在wake和up之间;若宾语为名词,则既可放在wake与up之间,也可放在up之后)
3.When I got up on Saturday morning, it was snowing heavily.(P113)
heavily adv.在很大程度上;大量地
形容词形式为heavy。heavily和heavy都可用来说明雨、雪等下得很大。
拓展:形容风大常用strong或strongly。
4......but that just meant more time for fun inside with my family.(P113)
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
5.Guess what I did (P113)
guess v.猜测,估计
(用作及物动词时,后面跟名词、代词或从句作宾语。)
I guess.... 我想......(与I think.....类似,用于陈述自己的观点、看法或建议)
6..Some people in the neighbourhood were clearing the snow from the streets.(P113)
clear ①vt. 清理,清除 clear out清理;把.....清空
clear up整理,清理;天气放晴
clear away把......清除掉
②adj. 晴朗的
③adj. 清澈的;清晰的
7.过去进行时
(1)定义:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
(2)构成:过去进行时的谓语由“was/were+动词-ing形式”构成。
(3)句式变化:
①一般疑问句及回答:变一般疑问句时应将was/were移到句首。
肯定回答为“Yes,主语+was/were.”
否定回答为“No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.”
②否定句:肯定句变否定句时在was/were之后加not, was not常缩写为wasn’t, were not常缩写为weren’t。
③特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were(+主语)+动词-ing形式(+其他)?
(4)用法:
①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。常用的时间状语有:at that time/moment在那个时候,at this time yesterday在昨天的这个时候,at ten o’clock last night在昨晚十点钟等。
②表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
③有些动词通常不用于进行时,主要有:
a.表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love、hate、like、know等。
b.部分连系动词,如seem、appear等。
c.感官动词,如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等。
d.短暂性动词,如decide、stop等。
8.when, while与as的用法
when, while与as这三个词均有“当.....的时候”的意思。
(1)when和as既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的;while指一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。指一段时间时,when、while和as都可用;指一点时间时,只能用when或as,不能用while。
When/As he woke up, it was eight o’clock.
When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.
(2)当某个动作正在进行,又发生了另一动作时,我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作,用一般过去时表示短动作,此时when、while、as都可以连接主从句,构成“一般过去时+when/while/as+过去进行时”结构,过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下,连词when、while、as既可位于句中,也可位于句首。
It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner.
(3)谈论两个同时进行的长动作(事件、情况)时,常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。
They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill.
(4)强调某个动作正在进行,另一动作突然发生时,常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。
I was walking in the street when he called me.
(5)当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用as。此时as有“随着.....”“一边.....,一边.....”的意思。
As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger.
Word power
1.创造新单词:我们可以将两个单词组合在一起创造新单词,它们被称为复合词。我们可以通过多种方式构成复合名词。
名词+名词-------thunderstorm雷暴,teamwork团队合作,snowball雪球
名词+动词-------earthquake地震,waterfall瀑布,sunrise日出
动词+名词------passport护照,playground操场,driveway车道
形容词+名词--------whiteboard白板,software软件,gentleman绅士
TIP:有时我们需要添加连字符(-):
north+east------north-east part+time------part-time兼职的
2.policeman (P114) [C] (男)警察 复数形式:policemen
拓展:policewoman [C] 女警察 复数形式:policewomen
postman [C]邮递员 复数形式:postmen
police n.警察
(是“警察”的总称,其前常加定冠词the,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式)
注意:表示“一名警察”要用a policeman / policewoman,不能用a police。
3. ache (P114) ①n. 疼痛
拓展:-ache可跟在某些器官或身体部位的名词之后,表示“.....痛”。
headache头痛 backache背痛 toothache牙痛 earache耳痛
②vi. 疼痛 ache from.......因.....作痛
4.That was close-----I nearly started a fire!(P114)
close ①(读作/kl s/) adj. 差一点儿,险些
②(读作/kl s/)adj. (在空间、时间上)接近 反义词:far
比较级:closer,最高级:closest
③(读作/kl s/)adj.亲密的
④(读作/kl z/)v.关上,关闭 反义词:open打开
Integration
1.Daniel is reading two online news reports about natural disasters.(P115)
report ①[C]报道;汇报;传闻 make a report作报告
a report on/about...... 一篇关于......的报告
②v.报道;汇报;传闻 report sth to sb向某人报告某事
It is reported that......据报道.......
拓展:reporter [C]记者;通讯员
2.Snowstorm hits Heilongjiang. (P115)
hit (过去式:hit)
① v. 袭击;攻击
② vt. 撞击;(用手或器具)击;打;击中
3.We will keep reporting on this developing situation.(P115)
report on sth报道某事
4.So far 34 people are dead, including three firemen.(P115)
(1) so far迄今为止(指从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在这一段时间。so far常用于现在完成时态,多位于句首或句末)
(2)dead adj.死了的 dying adj.奄奄一息的 death n.死亡
deadly adj.致命的 die vi.死
(3)including prep.包括......在内(其后接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式)
include v.包括,包含
5.Don’t get close to or even walk through the water.(P115)
get close to靠近......
close to(在空间、时间上)接近 反义短语:far from离....远
注意:close与near都表示“近”,但是close比near更近,而且既可表示时间、空间上“接近”,又可表示感情上“亲密”。
6.It is also helpful to place emergency signs around the cars to avoid another accident.(P116)
avoid vt.避免,防止
(后面跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语,不接动词不定式作宾语)
avoid doing sth避免做某事
7.First clean the wound.(P117)
wound ①[C]伤,伤口 ②vt.使......受伤
8.What should I do if it’s bleeding (P117)
bleed vi.流血,失血(过去式:bled)
bleed to death失血致死 blood [C]血,血液
9.Tie a piece of clean cloth round the wound, and press it firmly for 10 to 15 minutes.(P117)
press ①v.按,压 ②n.挤压;推;按
10.If it’s serious, you should go and see a doctor right away.(P117)
right away立即;马上 同义短语:at once, right now
11.The police came to check and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days.(P117)
warn v.警告,告诫
主要有以下结构:①warn sb (not) to do sth警告某人(不要)做某事
②warn sb of/about sth警告某人某事;提醒某人注意某事
③warn sb against doing sth警告/告诫某人不要做某事
warning n.警示,警告 a warning message警告消息 a warning sign警示标志
12.......suddenly, the sea water started to go away.(P118)
go away ①消失②离开
13.They were telling us to run away from the beach.(P118)
run away from从.....逃离;逃避(其后一般接名词)
stay/keep away from离开;不接近

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览