资源简介 广州中考英语不定式(Infinitive)语法知识点汇总针对广州中考要求进行了梳理,并配合了丰富的例句和考点讲解,清晰易懂。一、 不定式的基本构成不定式的基本形式是 to + 动词原形。肯定式:to do否定式:not to do被动式:to be done (表示动作是被执行的)完成式:to have done (表示动作在谓语动词之前完成)进行式:to be doing (表示动作正在进行)例句:I want to eat an apple. (肯定式)He told me not to go there alone. (否定式)The letter is to be sent tomorrow. (被动式)She seems to have finished her homework. (完成式)They were to be having a meeting at this time yesterday. (进行式)二、 不定式的句法功能(在句中充当什么成分)在广州中考中,不定式的句法功能是重点考查内容。它可以在句中充当多种成分,以下是最常见的几种:1. 作主语 (Subject)基本结构:To do sth. + 谓语 + ...常用句型:It is + adj. (for/of sb.) + to do sth.例句:To learn English well is important. (直接作主语)It is necessary for us to finish the work today. (用 it 作形式主语,避免句子头重脚轻)It is kind of you to help me. (of 用于描述人的品质,如 kind, nice, clever, foolish 等)2. 作宾语 (Object)基本结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + to do sth.例句:I hope to see you soon.She wants to be a doctor.He decided not to buy that expensive watch.广州中考常考动词(后接不定式作宾语):want, hope, wish, plan, decide, try, manage, refuse, promise, expect, learn, would like (想要), would love (想要)3. 作宾语补足语 (Object Complement)基本结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.例句:My mother told me to clean my room.The teacher asked him to hand in his homework.They encouraged me to study harder.广州中考常考动词(后接不定式作宾补):tell, ask, want, allow, encourage, advise, teach, help, remind, warn, order, force4. 作状语 (Adverbial)不定式可以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表示目的、结果、原因等。A. 目的状语 (Purpose)基本结构:... , (in order) to do sth. / so as to do sth.位置:通常放在句末。例句:She got up early to catch the first bus. (为了赶上第一班公交车)He studies hard (in order) to pass the exam.We should speak English as much as possible so as to improve our oral English.B. 结果状语 (Result)基本结构:... , only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的结果)位置:通常放在句末。例句:He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left. (结果却发现火车已经开走了)He lived to be 100, only to see his children die young.C. 原因状语 (Cause)基本结构:主语 + be + adj. + to do sth.位置:通常放在形容词之后。例句:I'm glad to hear the good news. (听到这个好消息我很高兴)She was sorry to miss the party. (错过派对她很遗憾)The question is easy to answer. (这个问题容易回答)5. 作定语 (Attribute)基本结构:被修饰的名词 + to do sth.位置:通常放在被修饰名词的后面。例句:I have a lot of homework to do. (我有很多作业要做)She is looking for a room to live in. (她正在找一个住的房间)He is the first student to come to school every day.三、 广州中考高频考点与易错点1. 作主语的 “形式主语” 结构 (It is ...)易错点:混淆 for sb. 和 of sb. 的用法。for sb.:形容词描述的是事情的性质,如 important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, possible 等。例句:It is important for us to learn English. (学英语对我们来说很重要。)of sb.:形容词描述的是人的品质或性格,如 kind, nice, clever, foolish, polite, rude, stupid 等。例句:It is kind of you to help me. (你能帮我真是太好了。)2. 某些动词后接 “to do” 和 “doing” 的区别广州中考常考一些动词,其后接不定式和动名词意思不同或用法不同。动词 后接todo 后接doingforget forget to do sth. (忘记去做某事,事情没做) forget doing sth. (忘记做过某事,事情做过了)remember remember to do sth. (记得去做某事,事情没做) remember doing sth. (记得做过某事,事情做过了)regret regret to do sth. (遗憾地去做某事,通常是告知坏消息) regret doing sth. (后悔做过某事)try try to do sth. (努力 / 设法做某事) try doing sth. (尝试做某事)mean mean to do sth. (打算 / 有意做某事) mean doing sth. (意味着做某事)stop stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事) stop doing sth. (停止做某事)go on go on to do sth. (接着做另一件事) go on doing sth. (继续做同一件事)can't help - can't help doing sth. (忍不住做某事)enjoy - enjoy doing sth. (喜欢做某事)finish - finish doing sth. (完成做某事)practice - practice doing sth. (练习做某事)mind - mind doing sth. (介意做某事)例句:I forgot to lock the door. (我忘记锁门了。→ 没锁)I forgot locking the door. (我忘记锁过门了。→ 锁过了)He regretted to tell her the truth. (他很遗憾地告诉了她真相。→ 要去说)He regretted telling her the truth. (他后悔告诉了她真相。→ 说了)I tried to solve the problem. (我努力去解决这个问题。→ 设法)I tried solving the problem. (我尝试解决这个问题。→ 试一试)This means working hard. (这意味着要努力工作。→ 意味着)I meant to call you. (我本打算给你打电话的。→ 打算)They stopped to rest. (他们停下来休息。→ 停下去休息)They stopped resting. (他们停止了休息。→ 停止休息)After the speech, he went on to sing. (演讲结束后,他接着唱歌。→ 接着做另一件事)He went on singing after the speech. (演讲后他继续唱歌。→ 继续做同一件事)She can't help laughing. (她忍不住笑了。)I enjoy reading. (我喜欢阅读。)He finished doing his homework. (他完成了作业。)She practices speaking English every day. (她每天练习说英语。)Do you mind opening the window (你介意开窗吗?)3. 感官动词和使役动词后接不定式作宾补的 “to” 的省略常见感官动词:see, watch, hear, notice, feel, smell, taste, find, listen to, look at常见使役动词:make, let, have规则:在主动语态中,这些动词后接不定式作宾补时,to 要省略。在被动语态中,to 必须还原。例句:I saw him enter the room. (主动语态,省略 to)He was seen to enter the room. (被动语态,还原 to)My mother made me clean my room. (主动语态,省略 to)I was made to clean my room. (被动语态,还原 to)We heard her sing a song. (主动语态,省略 to)She was heard to sing a song. (被动语态,还原 to)注意:help 后面的 to 可以省略也可以保留。He helped me (to) carry the box.4. 不定式的被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,需要使用被动语态。基本结构:to be + 过去分词例句:The letter is to be sent tomorrow. (信明天要被寄出。)She hopes to be invited to the party. (她希望被邀请参加派对。)I want the work to be finished as soon as possible. (我希望工作能尽快被完成。)5. 不定式的完成式当不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,需要使用完成式。基本结构:to have + 过去分词例句:She seems to have finished her homework. (她似乎已经完成了作业。→ 完成在 “似乎” 之前)I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. (对不起让你久等了。→ 等待发生在 “抱歉” 之前)He is said to have written a new book. (据说他写了一本新书。→ 写发生在 “据说” 之前)6. 疑问词 + 不定式基本结构:疑问词 (what, who, when, where, how, why) + to do用法:可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例句:I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。→ 作宾语)How to solve this problem is a big question. (如何解决这个问题是个大问题。→ 作主语)He taught us how to swim. (他教我们如何游泳。→ 作宾语补足语)The question is where to go. (问题是去哪里。→ 作表语)7. 不定式符号 “to” 的省略在某些固定结构中,不定式符号 “to” 可以省略。常见情况:情态动词后:can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, shall, should, need (作情态动词时), dare (作情态动词时)He can speak English.You must finish your homework.使役动词和感官动词后 (如 make, let, have, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, find 等,见第 3 点)She made me cry.I saw him run away.help 后 (见第 3 点注意)He helped me (to) carry the box.并列不定式 (第二个及以后的不定式可以省略 to)I want to eat and (to) drink.He decided to go and (to) see his friend.but, except, besides, save 等词前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时I did nothing but wait. (我除了等待什么也没做。)He could do nothing but cry. (他除了哭什么也做不了。)在 “had better (not) do sth.” 结构中You had better go now.We had better not be late.在 “would rather do sth. than do sth.” 结构中I would rather stay at home than go out.在 “why not do sth.” 结构中 (表示建议)Why not go with me 四、 广州中考真题示例(2023 广州中考)It is necessary for us ______ English well. (to learn / learning / learn)答案:to learn解析:考查 It is + adj. for sb. to do sth. 结构。She forgot ______ the door, so she went back. (to lock / locking / lock)答案:to lock解析:考查 forget to do sth. (忘记去做某事)。I saw him ______ into the building. (go / went / going)答案:go解析:考查感官动词后接省略 to 的不定式作宾补。The question is ______ to the teacher. (how to explain / how explaining / how explain)答案:how to explain解析:考查疑问词 + 不定式结构作表语。He is said ______ a new movie recently. (to make / to have made / having made)答案:to have made解析:考查不定式的完成式,表示动作在谓语动词之前完成。五、 总结掌握不定式的关键在于:识别不定式:看到 to + 动词原形。理解功能:明确它在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补、状语还是定语。注意语态和时态:是否需要使用被动语态 (to be done) 或完成式 (to have done)。牢记特殊结构:如形式主语 (It is ...), 感官动词和使役动词后接不定式作宾补的省略 to, 疑问词 + 不定式等。避免常见错误:如混淆 for sb. 和 of sb., 忘记在被动语态中还原 to, 误用 doing 代替 to do 等。广州中考英语从句核心知识点整理从句是广州中考英语的重点和难点,它在语法填空、短文填空、完形填空以及书面表达中都有广泛应用。掌握从句的用法对于提升英语成绩至关重要。一、 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)名词性从句在句中起名词作用,可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。1. 宾语从句 (Object Clauses)定义: 在句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。引导词:that: 无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,可省略。例句:I think (that) he is right. (我认为他是对的。)例句:She said (that) she would come. (她说她会来。)if/whether: 表示 “是否”,在从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略。例句:I don't know if/whether he will come. (我不知道他是否会来。)例句:She asked me whether I liked the movie. (她问我是否喜欢那部电影。)连接代词 / 副词 (what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how): 有词义,在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。例句:I don't know what he wants. (我不知道他想要什么。) (what 作 wants 的宾语)例句:Please tell me where you live. (请告诉我你住在哪里。) (where 作 live 的地点状语)语序: 从句必须使用陈述句语序(主语 + 谓语)。错误: Do you know where is he 正确: Do you know where he is 时态:主句为一般现在时 / 将来时,从句时态根据实际情况而定。例句:He says he is a student. (他说他是一名学生。)例句:He says he was a student. (他说他以前是一名学生。)例句:He says he will be a student. (他说他将来会是一名学生。)主句为一般过去时,从句时态通常用相应的过去时态。例句:He said he was a student. (他说他是一名学生。)例句:He said he had finished his homework. (他说他已经完成了作业。)从句表示客观真理、科学事实或普遍常识时,无论主句时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。例句:The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. (老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。)2. 主语从句 (Subject Clauses)定义: 在句中作主语。引导词:that: 无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,通常不可省略(用于句首时)。例句:That he won the game made us happy. (他赢了比赛,这让我们很高兴。)连接代词 / 副词 (what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how): 有词义,在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。例句:What he said is true. (他说的话是真的。) (what 作 said 的宾语)例句:When we will go depends on the weather. (我们什么时候走取决于天气。) (when 引导主语从句,作时间状语)语序: 从句必须使用陈述句语序。错误: What is he doing 正确: What he is doing is not important.常见结构: It 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句放在句末。例句:It is important that we should study hard. (我们努力学习很重要。)例句:It is unknown when the meeting will start. (会议什么时候开始还不知道。)3. 表语从句 (Predicative Clauses)定义: 在句中作表语,位于系动词(be, seem, look, become, get 等)之后。引导词:that: 无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,通常不可省略。例句:The fact is that he is a good student. (事实是他是一名好学生。)if/whether: 表示 “是否”,在从句中不充当任何成分,通常不可省略(但在表语从句中使用不如宾语从句常见)。例句:The question is whether we can finish the work on time. (问题是我们是否能按时完成工作。)连接代词 / 副词 (what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how): 有词义,在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。例句:My hope is that I can go to college. (我的希望是我能上大学。)例句:The problem is how we can solve it. (问题是我们如何解决它。)常见的引导表语从句的词: because, as, as if, as though, the reason... is that...例句:He was late because he missed the bus. (他迟到是因为他错过了公交车。)例句:It looks as if it is going to rain. (看起来好像要下雨了。)例句:The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. (他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。)4. 同位语从句 (Appositive Clauses)定义: 在句中作同位语,用来解释说明前面的名词(如 idea, news, fact, truth, hope, belief, suggestion, order, question 等)的具体内容。引导词:that: 无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略。例句:The news that our team won the game made us excited. (我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们很兴奋。) (that 引导同位语从句,解释说明 news 的内容)连接代词 / 副词 (what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how): 有词义,在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。例句:I have no idea where he has gone. (我不知道他去了哪里。) (where 引导同位语从句,解释说明 idea 的内容)例句:We heard the question who would be our new teacher. (我们听到了谁会是我们新老师的问题。) (who 引导同位语从句,解释说明 question 的内容)与定语从句的区别:同位语从句: 从句是对前面名词内容的解释说明,从句本身是完整的句子。例句:The fact that he is a liar is well known. (他是个骗子这个事实是众所周知的。) (that 从句解释说明 fact 的内容)定语从句: 从句是对前面名词的修饰限定,从句本身不完整,缺少主语、宾语或状语等成分。例句:The fact that he told me is true. (他告诉我的那个事实是真的。) (that 从句修饰限定 fact,that 在从句中作 told 的宾语)二、 定语从句 (Attributive Clauses)定语从句在句中作定语,修饰前面的名词或代词(称为先行词)。1. 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)who: 指代人,在从句中作主语。例句:The girl who is standing there is my sister. (站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。)whom: 指代人,在从句中作宾语(可省略)。例句:The man whom you met yesterday is my father. (你昨天遇到的那个男人是我父亲。)whose: 指代人或物,在从句中作定语,表示 “…… 的”。例句:The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate. (他父亲是医生的那个男孩是我的同学。)例句:This is the house whose window is broken. (这就是窗户破了的那栋房子。)which: 指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。例句:The book which is on the desk is mine. (桌子上的那本书是我的。) (which 作主语)例句:The movie which we saw last night was very interesting. (我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。) (which 作 saw 的宾语)that: 指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。指代人:The man that is talking to my mother is my uncle. (正在和我妈妈说话的那个男人是我叔叔。) (that 作主语)指代物:The book that I borrowed from the library is very good. (我从图书馆借的那本书非常好。) (that 作 borrowed 的宾语)关系代词的选择:看先行词是人还是物。先行词是人,用 who, whom, whose, that。先行词是物,用 which, whose, that。看关系代词在从句中作什么成分。作主语,用 who, whom, which, that。作宾语,用 whom, which, that(可省略)。作定语,用 whose。2. 关系副词 (Relative Adverbs)when: 指代时间,在从句中作时间状语。例句:I remember the day when I first met you. (我记得我第一次见到你的那一天。)where: 指代地点,在从句中作地点状语。例句:This is the city where I was born. (这就是我出生的城市。)why: 指代原因,在从句中作原因状语(先行词通常是 reason)。例句:Tell me the reason why you were late. (告诉我你迟到的原因。)关系副词的选择:看先行词是时间、地点还是原因。先行词是时间,用 when。先行词是地点,用 where。先行词是原因,用 why。看关系副词在从句中作什么成分。作时间状语,用 when。作地点状语,用 where。作原因状语,用 why。3. 限制性定语从句 vs. 非限制性定语从句特征 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句位置 紧跟先行词之后 用逗号与先行词隔开作用 修饰限定先行词,是先行词不可缺少的部分 对先行词进行补充说明,去掉后不影响主句意思引导词 可用 that, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, why 不可用 that,可用 who, whom, which, whose, when, where翻译 直接翻译为 “…… 的” 可翻译为 “他 / 她 / 它……” 或单独成句例句 The book that I bought yesterday is very good. (我昨天买的那本书非常好。) The book, which I bought yesterday, is very good. (这本书,我昨天买的,非常好。)三、 状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses)状语从句在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。1. 时间状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Time)常用引导词: when, while, as, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as, no sooner...than..., hardly...when...常用时态:主将从现: 主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Guangzhou. (我一到广州就给你打电话。)主现从现: 主句用一般现在时,从句用一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作。例句:He usually gets up at 7 o'clock when he is at home. (他在家时通常 7 点起床。)主过从过: 主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。例句:When I was young, I liked to play football. (我小时候喜欢踢足球。)例句:While I was watching TV, the phone rang. (我正在看电视的时候,电话响了。)I will wait here until you come back. (我会在这里等你回来。)No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. (我刚到家就开始下雨了。)2. 条件状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Condition)常用引导词: if, unless, as long as, on condition that常用时态:主将从现: 主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)主情从现: 主句用情态动词(can, may, must, should 等),从句用一般现在时表示将来。例句:You can pass the exam if you study hard. (如果你努力学习,你就能通过考试。)例句:Unless you work hard, you won't succeed. (除非你努力工作,否则你不会成功。)As long as you keep trying, you will make progress. (只要你不断努力,你就会取得进步。)3. 原因状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Cause)常用引导词: because, since, as, now that区别:because: 表示直接、明确的原因,语气最强,可用于回答 why 引导的疑问句。例句:I was late because I missed the bus. (我迟到是因为我错过了公交车。)例句:— Why were you late — Because I missed the bus.since, as: 表示已知的、显而易见的原因,语气较弱,通常放在句首。例句:Since you are free, you can help me with my homework. (既然你有空,你可以帮我做作业。)例句:As it is raining, we have to stay at home. (因为下雨,我们不得不待在家里。)now that: 表示 “既然”,强调一种既定的事实或情况。例句:Now that you have finished your homework, you can go out to play. (既然你已经完成了作业,你可以出去玩了。)例句:He didn't go to school because he was ill. (他因为生病没有去上学。)As everyone is here, let's start the meeting. (既然大家都到了,我们就开始开会吧。)4. 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Concession)常用引导词: although, though, even though, even if, while, no matter + wh-注意: although 和 though 不能与 but 连用,但可以与 yet, still 连用。错误: Although he is young, but he is very knowledgeable.正确: Although he is young, yet he is very knowledgeable.例句:Although it was raining, we still went out. (虽然下雨了,但我们还是出去了。)Even if you fail, you should not give up. (即使你失败了,你也不应该放弃。)No matter what you do, I will support you. (无论你做什么,我都会支持你。)5. 目的状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Purpose)常用引导词: so that, in order that常用情态动词: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should例句:He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.广州中考英语从句语法知识点总表大类 从句类型 核心定义 常用引导词 关键规则 (语序/时态/特殊要求) 典型例句 易混淆点/易错点名词性从句(起名词作用,可作主/宾/表/同位语) 宾语从句 作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语 1. that(无义,可省);2. if/whether(是否,不可省);3. 连接代/副词(what/who/when/where等,有义) 1. 语序:必须用陈述句语序(主+谓);2. 时态:主句现/将来时,从句依实际定;主句过去时,从句用相应过去时;3. 客观真理用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响 ① I think (that) he is right. ② Do you know where he lives ③ The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 1. 易误用疑问句语序(× Where is he → √ Where he is );2. if与whether混淆:whether可接or not/介词后,if不可;3. 主句过去时,从句时态漏调整主语从句 在句中作主语 1. that(无义,句首不可省);2. 连接代/副词(what/who/when等,有义) 1. 语序:陈述句语序;2. 常用结构:It作形式主语,真正主语从句放句末(It is + 形容词/名词 + that从句) ① That he won the game made us happy. ② What he said is true. ③ It is important that we study hard. 1. 直接用从句作主语时,易漏that;2. 形式主语It与真正主语位置混淆;3. 疑问句语序错误表语从句 位于系动词(be/seem/look等)后,作表语 1. that(无义,不可省);2. if/whether(是否,少见);3. 连接代/副词;4. because/as if等 1. 语序:陈述句语序;2. 固定结构:The reason why... is that...(原因是……) ① The fact is that he is a good student. ② The problem is how we can solve it. ③ The reason he was late is that he missed the bus. 1. The reason后易误接because(× reason is because → √ reason is that);2. as if引导时,时态与事实不符的情况易出错同位语从句 解释说明前面的名词(idea/news/fact等)的具体内容 1. that(无义,不可省);2. 连接代/副词(what/when等,有义) 1. 从句本身是完整句子(补充内容);2. 紧跟被解释的名词后 ① The news that our team won made us excited. ② I have no idea where he has gone. 与定语从句混淆:同位语从句是“补充内容”(从句完整),定语从句是“修饰限定”(从句缺成分);如:The fact that he told me is true(定语从句,that作宾语)定语从句(作定语,修饰先行词) 定语从句 修饰前面的名词/代词(先行词),说明“……的” 1. 关系代词:who(人,主)、whom(人,宾)、whose(人/物,定语)、which(物,主/宾)、that(人/物,主/宾);2. 关系副词:when(时间,状)、where(地点,状)、why(原因,状,先行词为reason) 1. 关系代词作宾语可省略;2. 非限制性定语从句:用逗号隔开,不可用that,修饰整个主句;3. 先行词是物时,that与which的选用限制(如不定代词作先行词用that) ① The girl who is standing there is my sister. ② This is the house where I was born. ③ The book, which I bought yesterday, is good.(非限制性) 1. 关系副词与关系代词混淆(× the place which I lived → √ the place where I lived);2. 非限制性定语从句误用that;3. 先行词既有人又有物时,易误用which状语从句(作状语,修饰动/形/副/整个句子) 时间状语从句 表示动作发生的时间 when/while/as/before/after/since/until/as soon as/no sooner...than... 1. 主将从现:主句将来时,从句一般现在时;2. while后多接进行时;3. no sooner...than...用部分倒装(No sooner had sb done...) ① As soon as I arrive, I will call you. ② While I was watching TV, the phone rang. ③ No sooner had I got home than it rained. 1. until与not...until混淆(肯定句中until表“直到……为止”,否定句表“直到……才”);2. while与when的区别:while接延续性动作,when可接短暂/延续性动作条件状语从句 表示动作发生的条件 if/unless/as long as/on condition that 1. 主将从现;2. 主情从现(主句用can/may等情态动词,从句一般现在时);3. unless = if not ① If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. ② Unless you work hard, you won't succeed. ③ You can pass if you study hard. 1. 从句易误用将来时(× if it will rain → √ if it rains);2. unless后易误加not(× unless you don't work → √ unless you work)原因状语从句 表示动作发生的原因 because/since/as/now that 1. because语气最强,可回答why;2. since/as表已知原因,放句首;3. 不可与but连用 ① I was late because I missed the bus. ② Since you are free, help me. ③ As it is raining, we stay at home. 1. because与so不可连用(× because...so... → 去掉一个);2. 用since/as回答why(× Why late Since... → √ Because...)让步状语从句 表示“虽然/即使”,让步转折 although/though/even though/even if/while/no matter + wh- 1. although/though不可与but连用;2. no matter + wh- = wh- + ever(如no matter what = whatever) ① Although it rained, we went out. ② Even if you fail, don't give up. ③ No matter what you do, I support you. 1. 误加but(× Although...but... → 去掉but);2. while引导让步时易误理解为“当……时”;3. no matter + wh-后易误用疑问句语序目的状语从句 表示动作的目的(为了……) so that/in order that 1. 从句常带情态动词(can/could/may等);2. in order that可放句首,so that不可 ① He studies hard so that he can pass the exam. ② In order that we can arrive early, we get up at 6. 与结果状语从句混淆:目的从句带情态动词表“目的”,结果从句不带情态动词表“结果”;如:He studied hard so that he passed the exam(结果)广州中考英语动名词语法知识点汇总(含真题解析)本汇总聚焦广州中考动名词核心考点,涵盖基本构成、句法功能、高频易错点,每个考点均搭配典型例句和近年广州中考真题解析,帮助考生精准把握备考重点,提升解题能力。一、 动名词的基本构成动名词由“动词原形 + -ing”构成,兼具动词和名词的特征:可带宾语/状语(动词特征),可在句中作主语、宾语等(名词特征)。核心形式如下:肯定式:doing(基础形式,中考核心考查)否定式:not doing(否定词放动名词前)被动式:being done(动作被执行,中考低频但需了解)完成式:having done(动作先于谓语动词,中考极少考查)基础例句:She likes singing in the shower.(肯定式,作宾语)He regrets not taking the teacher’s advice.(否定式,作宾语)The little boy is afraid of being scolded by his mom.(被动式,作介词宾语)二、 动名词的核心句法功能(中考重点考查)动名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、介词宾语,其中“作宾语”和“作介词宾语”是广州中考高频考点,需重点掌握。1. 作主语基本结构:Doing sth. + 谓语;或用“it作形式主语”(避免头重脚轻),句型为“It is + 名词/形容词 + doing sth.”。典型例句:Running every morning is good for your health.(直接作主语)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(形式主语it,固定句型:It is no use/good doing sth.)中考真题链接(2021年广州中考改编):______ is a good way to relax. (Swim / Swimming / Swam)解析:空格处需作主语,动词原形swim和过去式swam不能作主语,动名词swimming可作主语,故答案为Swimming。2. 作宾语(中考核心考点)核心结构:主语 + 及物动词 + doing sth.(部分动词后只能接动名词作宾语,需牢记广州中考高频动词清单)。广州中考必记“只接动名词作宾语”的动词/短语:enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practice(练习)、mind(介意)、miss(错过)、regret(后悔)、avoid(避免)、suggest(建议)、consider(考虑)、keep(持续)、give up(放弃)、put off(推迟)、feel like(想要)、can’t help(忍不住)典型例句:My sister practices playing the piano for an hour every day.(practice后接动名词)Would you mind opening the window It’s too hot here.(mind后接动名词)He can’t helplaughing when he hears the funny story.(can’t help后接动名词,表“忍不住”)中考真题链接(2022年广州中考):The teacher advises us ______ more English books to improve our reading skills. (read / reading / to read)解析:本题考查“advise后接动名词作宾语”,注意advise的用法:advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)、advise doing sth.(建议做某事)。但本题空格前是us(宾语),实际考查“advise sb. to do sth.”?不,注意题干:“advises us ______ more English books”,若接动名词需是“advises reading”,接sb.后需接to do?此处真题实际考点是“advise的固定搭配”,但结合动名词考点,需区分:若动词是enjoy/finish等,直接接doing;若为advise,接sb. to do,接sth.(动名词)。本题答案为to read?不,重新核对:advise的正确用法是“advise + doing”或“advise sb. to do”,题干中us是宾语,故后接to do,此处真题实际考查不定式,但需明确:若动词是enjoy,题干应为“The teacher advises ______ more books”,答案为reading。中考真题链接(2020年广州中考):Tom enjoys ______ stories to his little sister before bedtime. (tell / telling / to tell)解析:enjoy是广州中考高频“只接动名词作宾语”的动词,固定搭配enjoy doing sth.,故答案为telling。3. 作介词宾语(中考高频考点)核心规则:所有介词(in/on/at/of/for/from/without/against等)后接动词时,必须用动名词形式(doing)。广州中考必记“介词+动名词”高频短语:be good at doing sth.(擅长做某事)be interested in doing sth.(对做某事感兴趣)look forward to doing sth.(期待做某事,注意:to是介词,不是不定式符号)be used to doing sth.(习惯于做某事,to是介词)spend time/money (in) doing sth.(花费时间/金钱做某事,in可省略)have difficulty (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难,in可省略)without doing sth.(没有做某事)典型例句:My brother is good at playing basketball.(at是介词,接动名词)We are looking forward to meeting our new teacher.(to是介词,接动名词,易错点:勿写成to meet)She spends two hours (in) doing her homework every evening.(in省略,接动名词)中考真题链接(2023年广州中考):Lucy is looking forward to ______ her grandparents during the summer holiday. (visit / visiting / visited)解析:本题考查“look forward to doing sth.”,此处to是介词,必须接动名词,故答案为visiting。易错点:考生易误将to当作不定式符号,写成to visit,需重点区分“to作介词”和“to作不定式符号”的情况。中考真题链接(2019年广州中考):It takes me 30 minutes ______ to school every day, but I enjoy ______ there. (to walk / walking; walk / walking)解析:第一空考查固定句型“It takes sb. time to do sth.”(不定式作真正主语),故填to walk;第二空enjoy后接动名词作宾语,故填walking。本题同时考查不定式和动名词,是中考常见的“混合考点”形式。三、 广州中考动名词高频易错点(含真题规避技巧)易错点1:混淆“接动名词”和“接不定式”的动词部分动词后既可接doing,也可接to do,但含义不同,是广州中考易错点,需重点区分以下3组核心动词:动词 后接doing(含义) 后接to do(含义) 中考真题示例forget forget doing:忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do:忘记去做某事(未做) (2020年改编)He forgot ______ the door, so he went back to check. (locking / to lock) 答案:to lock(未做,故返回检查)remember remember doing:记得做过某事(已做) remember to do:记得去做某事(未做) (2022年改编)Remember ______ your homework before you go to bed. (finishing / to finish) 答案:to finish(未做,睡前记得去做)stop stop doing:停止正在做的事 stop to do:停下来去做另一件事 (2021年改编)The students stopped ______ when the teacher came in. (talking / to talk) 答案:talking(停止正在做的“说话”动作)易错点2:“to作介词”vs“to作不定式符号”很多考生误将“介词to”当作“不定式to”,导致错用动词原形,需牢记以下“to作介词”的高频短语(后接doing):look forward to doing(期待)、be used to doing(习惯于)、devote to doing(致力于)、pay attention to doing(注意)、stick to doing(坚持)真题规避技巧:判断to的词性——若to后是名词/代词,或可替换为for等介词,则to是介词,接doing;若to后接动词原形才符合逻辑,则是不定式符号。示例:I’m used to ______ (get) up early. 解析:be used to中的to是介词(可替换为“be accustomed to”),故填getting;若为“used to do”(过去常常),则to是不定式符号,如I used to get up late.(过去常起晚)。易错点3:感官动词/使役动词后接动名词vs不定式感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice等)、使役动词(keep/leave等)后接动名词和不定式的区别:接doing:强调“动作正在进行/持续发生”;接省略to的不定式:强调“动作的全过程/一次性发生”。典型例句:I saw her dancing in the park.(看到她正在跳舞,动作进行中)I saw her dance in the park yesterday.(看到她跳舞的全过程,昨天一次性发生)中考真题链接(2023年广州中考改编):When I passed the classroom, I heard some students ______ English songs. (sing / singing)解析:“passed the classroom”(经过教室)是瞬间动作,强调“当时听到唱歌的动作正在进行”,故答案为singing。四、 中考动名词核心备考总结1. 牢记“只接动名词作宾语”的高频动词/短语(如enjoy、finish、look forward to等),这是解题基础;2. 区分“to作介词”和“to作不定式符号”,避免错用动词形式;3. 结合真题语境判断:若考查“动作进行/持续”,优先考虑动名词;若考查“未做的动作/全过程”,优先考虑不定式;4. 遇到混合考点(同时考不定式和动名词),先判断动词的固定搭配,再结合语境筛选答案。广州中考英语介词核心知识点+常考搭配清单一、核心介词分类及中考高频用法(附例句)1. 时间介词(中考最常考,占介词考点30%+)介词 适用场景 中考高频例句 中考易错提醒in ① 年、月、季节、世纪;② 泛指上午/下午/晚上;③ 一段时间后(表将来) ① in 2025(2025年);in July(七月);in spring(春天)② in the morning(在早上)③ I will come back in three days.(我三天后回来) 不可用于具体日期/星期,如:× in June 1st → √ on June 1ston ① 具体日期(年+月+日/月+日);② 星期;③ 含Day的节日;④ 特定上午/下午/晚上(有修饰) ① on October 1st, 2025(2025年10月1日);on Sunday(周日)② on Teachers' Day(教师节);on Children's Day(儿童节)③ on a rainy morning(一个下雨的早上) 无修饰的泛指上午/下午,不可用on,如:× on morning → √ in the morningat ① 具体时刻;② 固定时间短语;③ 年龄点 ① at 7:30 a.m.(早上7点半);at 8 o'clock(8点)② at noon(中午);at night(晚上);at midnight(午夜)③ at the age of 15(15岁时) 不可用于年/月/季节,如:× at 2025 → √ in 2025for 持续一段时间(与完成时/延续性动词连用) ① I have lived in Guangzhou for 5 years.(我在广州住了5年了)② He studied English for 2 hours yesterday.(他昨天学了2小时英语) 不可与瞬间动词连用,如:× He has left for 3 days → √ He has been away for 3 dayssince 自从某个时间点/过去动作(与现在完成时连用) ① I have known her since 2020.(自从2020年我就认识她了)② He has worked here since he graduated.(自从毕业他就在这工作) since后接时间点/一般过去时句子,不可接时间段,如:× since 5 years → √ since 5 years ago2. 地点介词(中考常结合完形/语法填空考查)介词 核心含义 中考高频例句 辨析要点in 在……内部(有空间范围);大地点(城市、国家、区域) ① in the box(在盒子里);in the classroom(在教室里)② in Guangzhou(在广州);in China(在中国) 与on的区别:in表内部,on表表面on 在……表面(有接触面);在……之上(依附) ① on the desk(在桌子上);on the wall(在墙上,贴附)② on the street(在街上,英美通用) 易错:× in the desk(表面)→ √ on the desk;× on the box(内部)→ √ in the boxat 在……具体点(小地点/位置);门口、车站等场所 ① at the door(在门口);at the bus stop(在公交站)② at the entrance(在入口处) 大地点用in,小地点用at,如:× at Guangzhou → √ in Guangzhouunder/over under:正下方;over:正上方/跨越 ① There is a cat under the table.(桌子正下方有只猫)② A bridge is over the river.(河上有座桥) 与below/above的区别:under/over表“正上下”,below/above表“非正上下”below/above below:下方(非正);above:上方(非正) ① The sun is above the mountain.(太阳在山的上方,非正)② The temperature is below zero.(气温在零度以下) 不强调“垂直”,仅表位置高低between/among between:两者之间;among:三者及以上之间 ① Between you and me.(在你我之间)② She sits among the students.(她坐在学生们中间) 中考常考:两者用between,多者用among3. 方式/手段介词(书面表达+语法填空高频)介词 适用场景 中考高频例句 易错提醒by ① 交通方式(无冠词);② 方法/手段(后接动名词) ① by bus(乘公交);by bike(骑自行车)② by working hard(通过努力学习) 不可加冠词,如:× by the bus → √ by bus;× by a bike → √ by bikewith ① 用工具/身体部位;② 和……一起;③ 带有 ① write with a pen(用钢笔写);eat with hands(用手吃)② play with friends(和朋友玩)③ a girl with long hair(长头发的女孩) 与in的区别:用工具用with,用语言/材料用inin ① 用语言/材料;② 穿着(颜色/衣物) ① speak in English(用英语说);write in ink(用墨水写)② a boy in red(穿红衣服的男孩) 易错:× write with English → √ write in English;× in a pen → √ with a pen二、广州中考常考介词固定搭配短语(表格版)说明:以下短语是近5年广州中考在单选、完形、语法填空中高频考查的核心搭配,必须熟记!1. 动词 + 介词(中考最高频,占搭配考点60%+)动词+介词短语 核心含义 中考真题级例句look at 看…… Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看着黑板听我说)listen to 听…… We should listen to the teacher carefully in class.(我们上课应该认真听老师讲)depend on 依靠;取决于 Your success depends on how hard you work.(你的成功取决于你有多努力)wait for 等待…… I will wait for you at the school gate after school.(放学后我会在校门口等你)look for 寻找…… She is looking for her lost key in the room.(她正在房间里找丢失的钥匙)look forward to 期待……(to是介词,后接动名词) We are looking forward to visiting Guangzhou Tower.(我们期待参观广州塔)agree with 同意某人/观点 I agree with your idea about the plan.(我同意你关于计划的观点)arrive at/in 到达(小地点用at,大地点用in) ① We arrived at the airport at 9 a.m.(我们早上9点到达机场)② They arrived in Shanghai yesterday.(他们昨天到达上海)take care of 照顾;保管 She needs to take care of her little brother at home.(她需要在家照顾弟弟)think of 想到;认为 What do you think of this English movie (你觉得这部英语电影怎么样)2. 形容词 + 介词(单选/语法填空常考)形容词+介词短语 核心含义 中考高频例句be good at 擅长…… He is good at playing basketball.(他擅长打篮球)be interested in 对……感兴趣 Many students are interested in English stories.(很多学生对英语故事感兴趣)be angry with sb 对某人生气 My mother was angry with me because I was late.(妈妈因为我迟到而生气)be afraid of 害怕…… She is afraid of dogs.(她害怕狗)be full of 充满…… The bottle is full of water.(瓶子里装满了水)be different from 与……不同 My hobby is different from yours.(我的爱好和你的不同)be strict with sb 对某人严格 Our teacher is strict with us in study.(我们老师在学习上对我们严格)be famous for 因……闻名 Guangzhou is famous for dim sum.(广州因点心闻名)3. 名词 + 介词(短文填空/书面表达常考)名词+介词短语 核心含义 中考高频例句a map of China 中国地图 There is a map of China on the wall of our classroom.(我们教室墙上有一张中国地图)a photo of my family 我的全家福 She showed me a photo of her family yesterday.(她昨天给我看了她的全家福)the reason for ……的原因 Can you tell me the reason for your absence (你能告诉我你缺席的原因吗)a chance of ……的机会 He got a chance of studying abroad.(他得到了一个出国留学的机会)the key to ……的关键(to是介词) The key to learning English well is practicing more.(学好英语的关键是多练习)三、中考介词易错点对比清单易错点类型 错误表达 正确表达 原因解析时间介词混淆 ① in Monday ② on 2025 ③ at the morning ① on Monday ② in 2025 ③ in the morning 星期用on,年份用in,泛指上午用in方式介词混淆 ① by a bus ② with English ③ in pen ① by bus ② in English ③ with a pen by+交通方式无冠词;用语言用in;用工具用with+冠词地点介词混淆 ① at Guangzhou ② in the desk ③ on the box ① in Guangzhou ② on the desk ③ in the box 大地点用in,表面用on,内部用in介词固定搭配错误 ① look forward to meet ② be good in English ③ agree to sb ① look forward to meeting ② be good at English ③ agree with sb to是介词后接动名词;good搭配at;agree with接人for/since混淆 ① I have lived here since 5 years ② He has worked here for 2020 ① I have lived here for 5 years/since 5 years ago ② He has worked here since 2020 for接时间段,since接时间点/过去时句子四、中考介词考查题型及应对策略单项选择:主要考查介词搭配(如动词+介词、形容词+介词)和介词辨析(时间/地点介词)。应对:熟记固定搭配,区分易混淆介词的用法。语法填空:根据语境填介词(如时间、地点、方式),或补全介词搭配。应对:结合上下文判断场景,优先联想固定搭配。完形填空:通过上下文语境选择合适的介词,或考查介词短语的固定用法。应对:先理解句意,再匹配对应的介词用法。书面表达:正确使用时间、地点、方式介词,避免搭配错误。应对:写作前先梳理常用介词搭配,避免临时拼凑。广州中考英语时态语态核心知识点整理时态和语态是广州中考英语的重中之重,每年都会在语法填空、短文填空、完形填空以及书面表达中占据重要分值。以下是对所有核心时态和语态的系统梳理。一、 时态 (Tenses)时态用于表示动作发生的时间(过去、现在、将来)和动作的状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。1. 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 (s/es)否定句:主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?主要用法:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。例句:He plays basketball every weekend. (他每个周末都打篮球。)例句:She gets up at 7 o'clock every morning. (她每天早上 7 点起床。)表示客观真理、科学事实或普遍常识。例句:The earth goes around the sun. (地球绕着太阳转。)例句:Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (水在 100 摄氏度沸腾。)表示按计划、时刻表将要发生的动作(常用于火车、飞机等)。例句:The train leaves at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow. (火车明天早上 8 点出发。)在时间 / 条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Guangzhou. (我一到广州就给你打电话。)例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)2. 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?主要用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例句:I visited my grandparents last weekend. (我上周末去看望了我的祖父母。)例句:She was a student ten years ago. (十年前她是一名学生。)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例句:He used to smoke, but now he doesn't. (他以前抽烟,但现在不抽了。)3. 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 (shall 常用于第一人称 I/we)否定句:主语 + won't/shan't + 动词原形疑问句:Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形?主要用法:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。例句:I will go to the park this afternoon. (我今天下午要去公园。)例句:There will be a meeting tomorrow. (明天将有一个会议。)表示将来经常发生的动作。例句:This time next year, I will be living in Shanghai. (明年这个时候,我将住在上海。)4. 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词 - ing疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 - ing 主要用法:表示现在正在进行的动作。例句:Look! They are playing football on the playground. (看!他们正在操场上踢足球。)例句:I am reading a book now. (我现在正在看书。)表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。例句:She is learning French this semester. (她这学期正在学法语。)表示将来计划或安排好的动作(常用 come, go, leave, arrive 等词)。例句:We are leaving for Beijing next Monday. (我们下周一要动身去北京。)5. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词 - ing疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 - ing 主要用法:表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。例句:I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. (昨晚 8 点我正在看电视。)例句:They were having a meeting when I arrived. (我到的时候,他们正在开会。)表示过去两个动作同时进行。例句:While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework. (我妈妈做饭的时候,我正在做作业。)表示过去在某一时刻之前开始并一直持续的动作。例句:He had been working for 12 hours when he finally finished. (他终于完成工作时,已经连续工作了 12 个小时。)6. 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词?主要用法:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例句:I have lost my key. (我把钥匙弄丢了。) (结果:现在进不了门)例句:She has finished her homework. (她已经做完作业了。) (结果:现在可以去玩了)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态(常与 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点连用)。例句:I have lived in Guangzhou for 10 years. (我在广州住了 10 年了。)例句:He has worked in this company since 2010. (他从 2010 年起就在这家公司工作。)表示过去到现在的一段时间内曾经有过的经历或体验(常与 ever, never, already, yet, just 等词连用)。例句:Have you ever been to Paris (你去过巴黎吗?)例句:I have just finished my work. (我刚完成我的工作。)7. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + had + 动词过去分词否定句:主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词疑问句:Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词?主要用法:表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作(即 “过去的过去”)。例句:When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. (我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。)例句:She told me she had seen the movie twice. (她告诉我她已经看过那部电影两次了。)8. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)基本结构:肯定句:主语 + have/has + been + 动词 - ing否定句:主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词 - ing疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词 - ing 主要用法:表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且这个动作可能还在继续。例句:I have been studying English for three hours. (我已经学了三个小时的英语了。)例句:It has been raining all day. (雨下了一整天了。)二、 语态 (Voice)语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。1. 主动语态 (Active Voice)定义: 主语是动作的执行者。例句:We built this bridge in 1990. (我们在 1990 年建了这座桥。)The teacher is explaining the grammar now. (老师正在讲解语法。)2. 被动语态 (Passive Voice)定义: 主语是动作的承受者。基本结构: be + 动词过去分词 (时态通过 be 动词的形式体现)主要用法:不知道动作的执行者是谁。例句:This book was written by Lu Xun. (这本书是鲁迅写的。) (我们不知道具体是谁写的,或者不想强调)强调动作的承受者。例句:The letter has been sent. (信已经寄出去了。) (强调信这个承受者)动作的执行者不重要或不言自明。例句:My bike was stolen. (我的自行车被偷了。) (执行者是小偷,不重要)不同时态的被动语态:一般现在时: am/is/are + done例句:English is spoken in many countries. (英语在许多国家被使用。)一般过去时: was/were + done例句:The window was broken by Tom. (窗户被汤姆打破了。)一般将来时: will be + done例句:The meeting will be held next Monday. (会议将于下周一举行。)现在进行时: am/is/are being + done例句:The problem is being discussed now. (这个问题正在被讨论。)现在完成时: have/has been + done例句:The work has been finished. (工作已经完成了。)补充:广州中考常见考点与易错点分析一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时:区别: 一般过去时强调动作发生在过去的某个具体时间点或时间段,与现在没有联系;现在完成时强调动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或动作从过去持续到现在。例句对比:I visited Beijing last year. (一般过去时:强调去年这个动作)I have visited Beijing twice. (现在完成时:强调去过两次这个经历)过去完成时的使用条件:必须有一个过去的时间点或过去的动作作为参照,过去完成时的动作发生在这个参照点之前。例句:By the time he arrived at the party, everyone had already left. (arrived 是过去的动作,had left 发生在它之前)被动语态中的时态一致:注意: 当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句通常也要用相应的过去时态的被动语态。例句:He said the window was broken by the wind. (主句 said 是过去时,从句用 was broken)“used to do” vs. “be used to doing” vs. “get used to doing”:used to do: 过去常常做某事(现在不做了)。例句:I used to play the piano. (我以前常弹钢琴。)be used to doing: 习惯于做某事。例句:She is used to getting up early. (她习惯早起。)get used to doing: 逐渐习惯于做某事。例句:It takes time to get used to living in a new city. (适应住在新城市需要时间。)“since” vs. “for”:since + 时间点 / 一般过去时的句子: 自从…… 以来。例句:I have lived here since 2008. / I have lived here since I graduated from college.for + 时间段: 持续…… 时间。例句:I have lived here for 10 years.广州中考英语系动词语法知识点汇总(含例句+考点解析)本汇总聚焦广州中考系动词核心考点,先明确系动词的定义与核心特征,再按中考高频类别分类梳理,每个类别搭配典型例句、考点解读及近年真题链接,帮助考生精准掌握系动词的用法规则,规避解题误区。一、 系动词的核心定义与特征系动词(Linking Verb),也叫连系动词,本身有词义但不能单独作谓语,必须后接表语(可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式等),构成“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”(SVP)的基本句型,用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征。核心特征:不能单独作谓语,必须搭配表语完整句子含义;后面不能接宾语(区别于实义动词);变否定句/疑问句时,无需加助动词(除特殊情况,如have to),直接将系动词提前或加not。基础例句:She is a student.(is是系动词,a student是表语,表身份)The flowers look beautiful.(look是系动词,beautiful是表语,表特征)He feels tired.(feels是系动词,tired是表语,表状态)二、 广州中考高频系动词分类梳理(重点掌握)广州中考对系动词的考查集中在“常见系动词辨析”“系动词后接表语的形式”“系动词的时态变化”三大维度,以下按中考高频类别分类讲解,每个类别标注“考点频次”和“核心用法”。1. 基础系动词(考点频次:★★★★★,必掌握)核心功能:表示主语的“存在状态”或“身份”,最基础也最常考,主要包括be动词的各种形式。常见形式:am, is, are(一般现在时);was, were(一般过去时);will be(一般将来时);have/has been(现在完成时)核心用法:后接名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式等作表语。典型例句:I am a middle school student.(后接名词,表身份)The weather is sunny today.(后接形容词,表特征)They were in the park yesterday.(后接介词短语,表地点)His dream will be to become a doctor.(后接不定式,表愿望)中考真题链接(2023年广州中考):There ______ a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. (is / was / will be)解析:本题考查be动词的时态。根据时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”(明天下午),可知要用一般将来时,be动词的一般将来时形式为will be,故答案为will be。核心考点:基础系动词的时态匹配。2. 感官系动词(考点频次:★★★★,高频考查)核心功能:表示通过感官(看、听、闻、尝、触)感知到的主语特征,后接形容词作表语(注意:不能接副词)。广州中考必记清单:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来/感觉)核心用法&易错提醒:后接形容词,不接副词。如“看起来漂亮”是look beautiful,而非look beautifully;这类系动词没有被动语态,也不能用于进行时(表“持续状态”时)。典型例句:The dress looks nice on you.(后接形容词nice,表视觉感受)The music sounds wonderful.(后接形容词wonderful,表听觉感受)The cake tastes sweet.(后接形容词sweet,表味觉感受)I feel cold. Please close the window.(后接形容词cold,表触觉/身体感受)中考真题链接(2022年广州中考改编):The song ______ very beautiful. Many students are singing it. (sounds / looks / feels)解析:本题考查感官系动词的辨析。主语是“The song”(歌曲),对应的感官动词是sound(听起来),look对应“视觉”,feel对应“触觉/感受”,故答案为sounds。核心考点:感官系动词与主语的搭配逻辑。3. 变化系动词(考点频次:★★★★,高频考查)核心功能:表示主语的状态、性质或身份发生变化,后接形容词、名词等作表语。广州中考必记清单:become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(变成,多接颜色/性质变化)、grow(逐渐变得)、go(变得,多接负面状态)核心用法&辨析:become:强调“逐渐变成”,可接名词或形容词,如become a teacher(变成老师)、become strong(变得强壮);get:强调“突然/快速变得”,多接形容词,如get cold(变冷)、get angry(生气);turn:多接颜色或性质的突然变化,如turn red(变红)、turn bad(变坏);go:多接负面状态,如go wrong(出故障)、go blind(失明)。典型例句:He became a doctor after graduating from college.(后接名词,表身份变化)The weathergets warmer when spring comes.(后接形容词,表逐渐变化)The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(后接颜色形容词,表季节变化)The machine went wrong yesterday. We need to repair it.(后接负面形容词wrong,表状态变化)中考真题链接(2021年广州中考):As time goes by, my grandmother’s hair ______ grey. (turns / gets / goes)解析:本题考查变化系动词的辨析。主语是“hair”(头发),描述头发变灰,属于“颜色变化”,对应的变化系动词是turn,get强调“温度/情绪变化”,go多接负面状态,故答案为turns。核心考点:变化系动词的语义搭配。4. 状态系动词(考点频次:★★★,中频考查)核心功能:表示主语的持续状态,后接形容词、介词短语或不定式作表语。广州中考必记清单:keep(保持)、stay(保持)、remain(仍然是/保持)、seem(似乎/好像)、appear(显得/似乎)、prove(证明是)核心用法:keep/stay/remain:后接形容词,表“持续保持某种状态”,如keep healthy(保持健康);seem/appear:后接形容词或不定式(seem/appear to do),表“主观判断的状态”,如seem happy(似乎开心)、seem to know(似乎知道)。典型例句:We should keep quiet in the library.(后接形容词quiet,表持续状态)The temperature stays low in winter.(后接形容词low,表持续状态)She seems sad. What happened to her (后接形容词sad,表主观判断)He appears to be late for the meeting.(后接不定式to be late,表似乎的状态)中考真题链接(2020年广州中考改编):It ______ that he will not come to the party tonight. (seems / looks / sounds)解析:本题考查状态系动词的固定句型。“It seems that...”是固定搭配,意为“似乎……”,符合题干语境;look和sound无此句型,且需搭配具体的感官对象,故答案为seems。核心考点:状态系动词的固定句型用法。三、 广州中考系动词核心考点与易错点突破考点1:系动词后接表语的正确形式(高频易错)核心规则:绝大多数系动词后接形容词作表语,不能接副词;只有少数系动词(如be、become)可接名词作表语。易错对比:错误:The food tastes deliciously.(deliciously是副词,不能作表语)正确:The food tastes delicious.(delicious是形容词,作表语)错误:He looks happily today.(happily是副词)正确:He looks happy today.(happy是形容词)真题规避技巧:看到感官系动词(look/sound等)、变化系动词(get/turn等)时,优先判断后面是否接形容词,排除副词选项。考点2:系动词的时态与主谓一致核心规则:时态匹配:系动词的时态要与句子的时间状语或语境一致(如now用一般现在时,yesterday用一般过去时);主谓一致:系动词的单复数要与主语一致(如主语是单数,用is/was;主语是复数,用are/were)。中考真题链接(2023年广州中考改编):These books ______ very interesting. Many students like reading them. (is / are / were)解析:本题考查主谓一致和时态。主语“These books”是复数,排除单数形式is;根据后句“Many students like reading them”(一般现在时),可知前句也用一般现在时,故答案为are。考点3:易混淆“系动词”与“实义动词”有些动词既可以作系动词,也可以作实义动词,含义和用法不同,是中考易错点,需重点区分以下2个高频词:动词 作系动词(SVP句型) 作实义动词(主谓/主谓宾句型)feel 后接形容词,表“感觉/摸起来”,如:I feel tired.(我感觉累。) 后接宾语,表“触摸/感受”,如:I feel the table.(我触摸桌子。);有被动语态,如:The table is felt smooth.(错误,实义动词feel表“触摸”时少用被动,优先用主动)look 后接形容词,表“看起来”,如:She looks happy.(她看起来开心。) 后接介词at+宾语,表“看”的动作,如:She looks at me.(她看着我。);可用于进行时,如:She is looking at the blackboard.(她正在看黑板。)真题规避技巧:判断句子结构——若后面接形容词/名词,无宾语,则是系动词;若后面接介词短语/名词作宾语,则是实义动词。四、 中考系动词核心备考总结1. 牢记3大类高频系动词:基础系动词(be动词)、感官系动词(look/sound等)、变化系动词(become/get等),熟练掌握每类的用法和搭配;2. 核心易错点突破:系动词后接形容词(不接副词)、时态与主谓一致、区分系动词与实义动词的用法;3. 解题步骤:先判断句子是否是“SVP句型”(主语+系动词+表语),再根据主语、时间状语、语境筛选对应的系动词及正确形式。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 广州中考英语不定式(Infinitive)语法知识点汇总.docx 广州中考英语介词核心知识点 常考搭配清单.docx 广州中考英语从句核心知识点整理(文档).docx 广州中考英语从句语法知识点总表(表格).docx 广州中考英语动名词语法知识点汇总(含真题解析).docx 广州中考英语时态语态核心知识点整理.docx 广州中考英语系动词语法知识点汇总(含例句 考点解析).docx