资源简介

绝密★启用前
湘豫名校联考2025年12月高三上学期质量检测英语
注意事项：
1. 本试卷共14页。时间120分钟，满分150分。答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷指定位置，并将姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上，然后认真核对条形码上的信息，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。作答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
例: How much is the shirt
Α. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15,
答案是 C。
1. When does Alex usually get up on weekends
A. Before breakfast. B. Before 12: 00. C. After 12: 00.
2. How long will the man be away
A. For 3 hours. B. For 4 hours. C. For 7 hours.
3. What is the woman complaining about
A. Mr. Hanks and his inaction.
B. Mr. Hanks and Mrs. Hanks.
C. Mrs. Hanks and her dog.
4. What will the woman send to Anne
A. An e-mail. B. A postcard. C. A handwritten letter.
5. Who wants to go on holiday
A Rob and Tom. B. Rob and his dad. C. Tom and his mum.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
6. Why is Pinocchio mentioned in the conversation
A. To give readers an example.
B. To show fairy tales teach morals.
C. To criticize a character in the fairy tale.
7. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and clerk. C. Judge and competitor.
下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
8. What are the speakers talking about
A. The Tour de France.
B. Lance Armstrong’s foundation.
C. Lance Armstrong’s cycling ability.
9. How did the speakers sound towards cancer research
A. Disappointed. B. Carefree. C. Supportive.
10. What will Frank do next
A. Donate money. B. Buy some wristbands. C. Visit Lance Armstrong.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
11. What are the speakers discussing
A. Plans for an upcoming birthday.
B. A restaurant they went to last week.
C. What they want to do for Mother’s Day.
12. Why does the woman reject the man’s first suggestion
A. She doesn’t like flowers.
B. The restaurant is too expensive.
C. She doesn’t want to do the same as last year.
13. What do we know about the speakers’ mother
A. She went to the Imperial Hotel last year.
B. She probably likes to eat French food
C. They haven’t bought her flowers before.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
14. What is the man doing
A. Making an appointment.
B. Having a talk with Mr. Dionis.
C. Checking the goods from Athens.
15. Who is the woman
A. Mr. Hall’s secretary. B. Mr. Dionis’secretary. C. Mr. Dionis’ partner.
16. When will Mr. Hall meet Mr. Dionis
A. Next week. B. On May 3rd. C. On May 4th.
17. How will the speakers confirm the appointment
A. By email. B. By letter. C. By phone.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. Who is the speaker
A. A news reporter. B. A teacher. C. A guide.
19. When did the Mayan peoples first reach the rainforests
A. About 1,500 years ago. B. About 3,000 years ago. C. About 500 years ago.
20. How many steps lead to the top of El Castillo
A. 91. B. 364. C. 365.
二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grateful Hearts Thankful Paws Gala Event
Please join us for an evening of fun, food, and dancing. Suit and dress requested! Enjoy a beautiful night while supporting the work we do at First Responder Therapy Dogs. Learn more about our group, hear about the work we are doing across the country to support the first responder community, enjoy some great entertainment, a silent auction (拍卖), and more!
Group tickets and Corporate Sponsorship Options below!
Ticket Purchase Options
Individual Tickets $120
Your ticket purchase includes an evening of entertainment, food and dancing!
Gala Table Purchase $850 (8 Tickets)
If you and your friends want to enjoy a night of entertainment together, purchase a table.
We are 100% donation funded, so if you aren’t able to attend our gala but would like to contribute to our mission, please feel free to donate.
Sponsorship Levels
Pug-kin Pie Level — $1000
·10 Tickets to Gala Event (Full Table)
·1 FRTD Challenge Coin to commemorate (纪念) your involvement
Raise the Woof Level — $500
·Company name and logo on slideshow
·1 FRTD Challenge Coin to commemorate your support
Round of A-Paws Level — Customizable
We are happy to work with you directly on a sponsorship fit for your budget or your idea and our special event. Please contact Tracy Ryan (tracy@firstrespondertherapydogs.org) to discuss further.
21. What is the main purpose of the Gala Event
A. To raise money for an organization. B. To find new members for a dance club.
C. To provide free food for the community. D. To help people learn about dog training.
22. How much can you save if you buy a gala table instead of 8 individual tickets
A. $80. B. $100. C. $110. D. $120.
23. What should someone do if they want a special sponsorship
A. Reach Tracy Ryan. B. Buy individual tickets.
C. Attend the silent auction. D. Donate online immediately.
B
“She was doomed (注定的) — no ship built by human hands could have withstood the pressure.”
When polar explorer Ernest Shackleton wrote this journal entry on October 27, 1915, his dreams of reaching Antarctica had been famously crushed — along with his ship, HMS Endurance.
Shackleton blamed the sinking of the Endurance on the destruction of its rudder (舵) and for more than a century, historians accepted this explanation. Now, an analysis suggests that structural weakness caused the Endurance to sink, and that Shackleton knew about his ship’s failings, but still, that wasn’t enough to stop him from buying it, according to Dr. Jukka Tuhkuri, a professor at Aalto University in Finland.
“I think that Endurance was the best possible ship he could get when he needed it and at a price he could afford,” Tuhkuri said.
A ship that became caught between pack ice, a type of free-floating ice — was at the mercy of the ice. If the crew was fortunate, winds or currents would eventually shift, the ice would loosen its control and the ship would break free. But if the crew were unlucky, the ice would squeeze their ship until it broke.
Tuhkuri was part of the 2022 research that located the Endurance shipwreck. At the time, he was surprised to learn that no one had used structural engineering to evaluate why the Endurance sank. The Endurance, which Tuhkuri learned from historic records, was built for Arctic visits during the summer, not for navigating Antarctic pack ice. Shackleton’s correspondence with colleagues suggests he knew how important diagonal beams (对角梁) were for resisting compressive ice, Tuhkuri found. And from aboard the Endurance, Shackleton wrote to his wife, Emily, admitting that Endurance was “not as strong” as his previous ship, the Nimrod, and adding “I would exchange her for the old Nimrod any day now.”
It’s difficult to say for sure why Shackleton set aside his own doubt and prior knowledge to take such a huge risk, Tuhkuri said. But in those days, risk-taking was part and parcel of polar exploration.
24. What was the traditional explanation for Endurance’s sinking
A. The captain’s wrong decisions. B. Structural weakness of the ship.
C. Destruction of the ship’s rudder. D. Poor quality of building materials.
25. Why did Shackleton buy Endurance with a fault
A. It was recommended by his friends. B. He planned to rebuild it completely.
C. He didn’t believe the ship would encounter ice. D. It was the best ship he could afford at that time.
26. What can we infer about Shackleton’s polar exploration from paragraph 6
A. Endurance was particularly built for the polar exploration.
B. Shackleton sailed Endurance on the expedition despite its fault.
C. Shackleton’s wife was firmly opposed to his polar expedition.
D. Endurance’s diagonal beams did meet the requirement of expedition.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Risk-taking Spirit in Polar Exploration
B. The Reasons for the Sinking of the Endurance
C. The Analysis of the Endurance’s Structural Weakness
D. The Story of Shackleton’s Failed Antarctic Expedition
C
Historically, schools operated differently. In the early 19th century, urban schools were open year-round, while rural schools had two terms, winter and summer. By the late 19th century, a unified calendar began to appear, influenced by several factors.
Contrary to the agriculture myth, summer breaks were not initially designed for children to help on farms. The busiest times were spring planting and fall harvesting. The shift began in the late 1800s when rich families left cities for cooler climates, reducing attendance and influencing school decisions. Additionally, educational reformers viewed summer terms as academically weaker and pushed for teacher training programs during these months. Medical concepts from the 18th and 19th centuries, suggesting overuse of the mind could lead to physical and mental weakness, also persisted despite scientific advancements.
Today, summer breaks persist due to several barriers. Many schools require repairs and lack air conditioning. Teachers also value the traditional schedule, and changing it could exacerbate recruitment and retention (招聘和留用) issues. Moreover, entire industries, such as summer camps and teen employment, rely on these breaks, making change difficult.
However, some schools have adopted balanced calendars by shortening summer breaks and redistributing days off throughout the year. Most balanced schools start in early August, then take some time off mid-fall, at Thanksgiving, around Christmas and New Year, in the middle of the winter, in the middle of spring and around Memorial Day weekend. The summer break of a traditional school is shortened, with the days redistributed to give time off at other times. This model keeps 180 school days but uses them more efficiently. Around 4,000 U.S. schools, representing about 10% of students, follow this approach, leading to increased student achievement and reduced summer learning loss.
Balanced calendars also benefit staff by providing more frequent breaks, helping with retention. These breaks allow for targeted interventions and enrichment activities, catering to diverse student needs.
It is suggested that school schedules should be individualized, preparing students for future professions that do not offer such extended time off. Despite resistance, the balanced calendar model offers a promising alternative to the traditional summer break, addressing both educational and practical challenges.
28. Why did summer breaks start originally
A. Wealthy families began to live in cities. B. Children had to help their parents on farms.
C. Qualified teachers were recruited in summer. D. Medical beliefs implied the harm of overstudying.
29. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Solve. B. Worsen. C. Improve. D. Ignore.
30. What can we infer about balanced calendars
A. They are followed by most U.S. schools. B. They reduce the total number of school days.
C. They improve students’ academic performance. D. They only provide breaks around the holidays.
31. Which could the author agree with regarding school calendars
A More research is needed before any changes can be made.
B. Balanced calendar model should replace the traditional one.
C. The traditional summer break should be shortened or canceled
D. School schedules should be tailored to meet different students’ needs.
Have you ever been asked a simple question, only to find your mind completely empty This common experience, known as “mind blanking”, occurs more frequently than we realize research suggests our minds go blank 5% — 20% of the time. Cognitive neuroscientist Athena Demertzi defines it as the sudden inability to recall or report any thoughts, though scientists still debate its exact nature.
Studying this phenomenon presents unique challenges. When researchers use functional MRI (fMRI) to scan brains, they often instruct participants to “think of nothing”. Surprisingly, this command actually activates parts of the brain rather than showing true mental stillness. These activated areas reflect the brain’s effort to suppress (压制) thoughts rather than genuine emptiness.
Demertzi’s 2023 study took a different approach. By scanning resting brains and periodically asking subjects to report their thoughts, her team identified a distinct neural pattern before mind blanking — a brief synchronization (同步) where multiple brain networks meantime inactivated. This pattern is similar to what occurs during sleep or anesthesia (麻醉), suggesting mind blanks might be micro-versions of the brain’s “shutdown” processes.
The likelihood of mind blanking appears closely tied to arousal levels — the brain’s degree of inspiration. When arousal is too low, thoughts become broken and hard to maintain. Contrarily, excessive arousal (as in anxiety) can overpower the brain, creating another form of blanking where racing thoughts blur (模糊) into incomprehensibility. Notably, conditions like ADHD (多动症) show lifted rates of mind blanking, with unmedicated children reporting it more frequently than their peers.
Why does this happen Demertzi proposes an interesting theory linking mind blanks to the brain’s maintenance cycles. During sleep, the body clears neural waste — some scientists suppose similar brief “clean-up” periods might occur while awake, appearing as mental blanks. Though debatable, this could explain how our brains keep peak performance: these momentary pauses may be necessary resets during our waking hours.
Ultimately, mind blanking remains partially mysterious, but current research suggests it’s not just mental failure — it might be the brain’s clever way of managing its complex operations. As Demertzi puts it: “How can you keep continuous wakefulness if your brain doesn’t occasionally take a break ”
32. What could happen when people try to “think of nothing” in fMRI scans
A. Some fall into sleep quickly. B. Their brains stop functioning.
C. Certain brain areas are active. D. Their minds are actual empty.
33. What did Demertzi’s 2023 study discover about “mind blanking”
A. It is a short pause of the brain. B. It shows a common brain pattern.
C. It happens during deep sleep. D. It only occurs to mental patients.
34. What might be the purpose of mind blanking according to Demertzi
A. To prepare for sleep. B. To clean brain waste.
C. To improve memory. D. To cause anxiety.
35. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Mind blanking is a serious mental problem.
B. Scientists have found the cure for mind blanking.
C. Mind blanking may be the brain’s self-protection.
D. People should avoid experiencing mind blanking.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Travel Solo with a Group
I’ve never loved group travel. ____36____ I enjoy the freedom of being able to come and go as I please and not having to change plans to visit a restaurant I may dislike, take an Uber when I prefer taking public transportation, or shop at a store that doesn’t carry my size.
But in recent years, I’ve tried something in between solo and group travel — a term I’ve coined “solo travel, together”. ____37____ We stay at different hotels, and pursue different daily activities on the ground, all with the familiarity and reliability of someone available.
A few years ago, I was on a girls’ trip to Southeast Asia with a friend from college and her best friend, and there were times when the three of us saw each other only in passing. We each had our own plan. We were content to check in via text or a quick thumbs-up to an Instagram story. It was only in the evening that we’d sit together. ____38____
____39____ According to experts, plenty of travelers are interested in solo traveling together. We think it’s a great opportunity to connect with friends without the pressure of spending a week or two together and having to compromise on our plans and ideas.
While people may have close relationships with friends and family at home, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are well-matched travel partners. ____40____ Everyone just wants to have a good time, but each person’s definition of a good time might be different. By choosing to solo travel together, it can relieve some of the stressors associated with travel.
A. I’m not the only one.
B. I dislike feeling fastened to others during my trips.
C. It means traveling with friends but doing so separately.
D. But each friend got to pick a restaurant for each day of our stay.
E. We would exchange stories about our day before calling it a night.
F. Travelers come on trips with their own needs, desires, and anxieties.
G. Before a trip, travelers should have conversations about boundaries.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In my freshman fall, I registered for chemistry, calculus (微积分), an elective, and an English class. Though I’d always liked ____41____, I never expected to dislike my science and math courses in college, as I’d ____42____ them in high school. The college courses just didn’t resonate (产生共鸣) with me, leading to a crisis of ____43____.
The English course, however, was such a delight that I ____44____ joined in class discussions on assigned books and found essay writing ____45____ due to my interest. ____46____, chemistry assignments left me sleepy. Despite doing well, the actuality of more chemistry classes next semester was ____47____.
Looking back, I realized I wasn’t ____48____ in feeling lost at college. The shift from home, tougher classes, and adult responsibilities can be ____49____. At a famous university, it’s easy to feel ____50____ in the crowd.
After struggling for another year, I finally ____51____ to my parents after a physics class that I didn’t want to pursue chemistry anymore. ____52____, they were supportive, encouraging me to follow my passion for English. With their ____53____, I switched to an English major. I explored other paths, took an education course, and finally found my ____54____. Exploring into education, I discovered exciting career options in academia, policy, and more. Most importantly, I was ____55____.
41. A. chemistry B. English C. calculus D. physics
42. A. avoided B. hated C. enjoyed D. feared
43. A. self-image B. self-doubt C. self-identity D. self-worth
44. A. eagerly B. cautiously C. anxiously D. curiously
45. A. fearless B. ceaseless C. priceless D. effortless
46. A. Of course B. For example C. In a word D. On the contrary
47. A. tiring B. confusing C. exciting D. refreshing
48. A. alone B. ready C. wrong D. honest
49. A. opposing B. mounting C. overwhelming D. underlying
50. A. hidden B. left C. lost D. locked
51. A. lied B. explained C. complained D. admitted
52. A. Obviously B. Unfortunately C. Surprisingly D. Normally
53. A. warning B. blessing C. feeling D. thinking
54. A. cause B. hobby C. focus D. problem
55. A. successful B. delighted C. outstanding D. unique
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is building an enormous network of clean energy industries on the Tibetan Plateau, the world’s ____56____ (high). The intention is to make use of the region’s bright sunshine, cold temperatures and sky-touching altitude ____57____ (produce) low-cost, renewable energy. The result is enough renewable energy to provide the plateau with nearly all of the power it needs, including for data centers used in China’s AI ____58____ (develop) .
The main group of solar farms, known as the Talatan Solar Park, outperforms any other solar farm in the world. It covers 162 square miles in Gonghe County, a high-altitude desert in ____59____ (rare) inhabited Qinghai, a province in western China.
Renewable energy helps China power 30,000 miles of high-speed train routes and its ____60____ (grow) number of electric cars. At the same time, cheap electricity enables China to manufacture (制造) even more solar panels, ____61____ dominate global markets and power AI data centers.
Now, two additional hydropower projects (水电项目) ____62____ (build) in high mountain valleys near the Talatan Solar Park. The plan for both ____63____ (be) to use extra solar power generated during ____64____ day to pump water up into the projects’ reservoirs (水库) several miles up. The water will be allowed to drop down ____65____ mountain tubes to the plateau at night, spinning (旋转) giant turbines (涡轮机) to generate large amounts of electricity.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 学校正在开展“Work with My Parents”主题活动，鼓励学生利用寒假亲身体验父母的工作。请你代表学生会写一篇英语短文向学校英语报投稿。要点包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 参加活动的注意事项。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Work with My Parents: A Meaningful Experience
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mom and I faced off (对抗) in the hallway. “You’d better go to bed now,” she said firmly. “I’ll talk to your dad when he gets home. He’ll deal with you.
I rushed to my bedroom, slammed the curtains shut, and flopped onto my bed. The clock glowed 10:15, signaling that Dad would soon be home from his second shift. I knew I was in for it, and I deserved every bit of it.
My day at junior high had been terrible. My best friend, Mary Ellen, had got rid of me for the popular Regina, leaving me alone at the lunch table in the library. Then, in P. E., square dancing brought me embarrassment. Nervous about holding hands with a boy, I was rejected by one who called me “fish” for the rest of the day due to my cold, wet hands.
Feeling hurt and angry, I took it all out on Mom when I got home. I complained about the peanut butter cookies she’d baked, wishing for chocolate chip instead. Later, I laughed at the chicken she’d prepared for dinner, longing for hamburgers. My misplaced anger increased until Mom lost her patience, and we ended up in a shouting match.
As I lay in bed, listening to the garage door open and the muffled voices of my parents, I felt regretful. I replayed the day’s events and realized how unfair I had been to Mom. I knew that if I had shared my troubles with her, she would have listened, comforted me, and made me laugh.
The sounds of the night expanded my guilt-the creak of the door, Dad’s boots on the floor, and then silence. I wondered what my consequence would be. After some time, I heard Dad’s quiet footsteps and the sound of a shower. Curious, I waited, my heart heavy with regret.
注意：
1. 续写词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Eventually, my bedroom door was opened.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning Mom put the hamburger down and reached across the table.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
湘豫名校联考2025年12月高三上学期质量检测英语
注意事项：
1. 本试卷共14页。时间120分钟，满分150分。答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷指定位置，并将姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上，然后认真核对条形码上的信息，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。作答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
例: How much is the shirt
Α. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15,
答案是 C。
1. When does Alex usually get up on weekends
A. Before breakfast. B. Before 12: 00. C. After 12: 00.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Want a dog Can he get up early and take the dog for a walk every day
M: He never gets up before 12:00 on the weekend. Alex, how about a cat People don’t take cats for a walk.
2. How long will the man be away
A. For 3 hours. B. For 4 hours. C. For 7 hours.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Hi, Susan. Can you help me look after my baby for a while
W: Sure. When will you leave
M: I’ll leave at 8:00 and come back at about 11:00.
3. What is the woman complaining about
A. Mr. Hanks and his inaction.
B. Mr. Hanks and Mrs. Hanks.
C. Mrs. Hanks and her dog.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Did you talk to Mrs. Hanks about the dog
W: You know how she is like. All sweetness and light to your face but then she never does anything. They should either keep that animal in the house or tied up!
M: I’ll talk to Mr. Hanks about it tonight. He usually listens.
W: We need more than listening, dear. We need action!
4. What will the woman send to Anne
A. An e-mail. B. A postcard. C. A handwritten letter.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Guess what! I’ve received a handwritten letter from my best friend Anne in Australia.
M: It is so precious in the information age. I’ve got only postcards.
W: Anyway, I’m going to reply to Anne in the same way rather than email her back.
5. Who wants to go on holiday
A Rob and Tom. B. Rob and his dad. C. Tom and his mum.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you give us some advice My son Rob and his friend Tom want to go on holiday on their own this summer.
W: I see. Well, boys, the first thing you should do is to decide what kind of holiday you would like. Why don’t you have a quick look at our special offers
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
6. Why is Pinocchio mentioned in the conversation
A. To give readers an example.
B. To show fairy tales teach morals.
C. To criticize a character in the fairy tale.
7. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and clerk. C. Judge and competitor.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【原文】W: Now, remember how I told you in yesterday’s lesson — fairy tales often try and teach the reader morals or life lessons
M: Yes, Ms. Han!
W: Can you tell me something you learned, Jason
M: From Beauty and the Beast, I learned not to judge a person by their appearance.
W: Excellent. Another one
M: Um. From Pinocchio, I learned that it is bad to tell lies.
W: Good job, Jason!
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
8. What are the speakers talking about
A. The Tour de France.
B. Lance Armstrong’s foundation.
C. Lance Armstrong’s cycling ability.
9. How did the speakers sound towards cancer research
A. Disappointed. B. Carefree. C. Supportive.
10. What will Frank do next
A. Donate money. B. Buy some wristbands. C. Visit Lance Armstrong.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A
【原文】M: Hey, Jenny. What are you wearing on your wrist
W: Hey, Frank, You mean this It is a Livestrong bracelet.
M: What is that
W: Have you ever heard of Lance Armstrong He was an American cyclist.
M: Yeah, he won the Tour de France a bunch of times, right
W: Right. Well, he has a foundation that gives money to cancer research. For every dollar you donate, you get a bracelet.
M: Oh, cool. My grandmother had cancer a few years ago. Luckily, the doctors cured it. I am always happy to hear that people are supporting cancer research. How much did you donate
W: I donated $10, so I got ten wristbands. Actually, I have an extra one right here if you want it.
M: Wow, thanks! It looks really cool. I am going to donate some money too. How do you do it
W: Just go to the Livestrong website. It is really easy.
M: OK, I will. Thanks!
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
11. What are the speakers discussing
A. Plans for an upcoming birthday.
B. A restaurant they went to last week.
C. What they want to do for Mother’s Day.
12. Why does the woman reject the man’s first suggestion
A. She doesn’t like flowers.
B. The restaurant is too expensive.
C. She doesn’t want to do the same as last year.
13. What do we know about the speakers’ mother
A. She went to the Imperial Hotel last year.
B. She probably likes to eat French food
C. They haven’t bought her flowers before.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B
【原文】W: What do you think we should do for Mom’s birthday You do realize that it’s next week, right
M: I know, I haven’t forgotten. Why don’t we just get her some flowers like last year You know, she always likes to get flowers.
W: But she’s going to be sixty this year. We have to do something special.
M: Oh, I don’t know. How about taking her to that French restaurant in the Imperial Hotel I’m sure that she would appreciate that.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
14. What is the man doing
A. Making an appointment.
B. Having a talk with Mr. Dionis.
C. Checking the goods from Athens.
15. Who is the woman
A. Mr. Hall’s secretary. B. Mr. Dionis’secretary. C. Mr. Dionis’ partner.
16. When will Mr. Hall meet Mr. Dionis
A. Next week. B. On May 3rd. C. On May 4th.
17. How will the speakers confirm the appointment
A. By email. B. By letter. C. By phone.
【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A
原文】W: Okay, how can I help you, Mr. Hall
M: Well, I’d like an appointment with Mr. Dionis.
W: Can you tell me what it’s about
M: Certainly. I’d like to discuss the transport of goods from Singapore to Athens.
W: I see. When would be a good time for you to come here
M: May I suggest next week
W: I’m sorry, next week’s not possible—Mr. Dionis is away next week. How about the beginning of next month
M: Yes, that would be okay. Could we say Monday, May 3rd
W: Er, unfortunately, Mr. Dionis is busy all day that Monday. He could make it on Tuesday, May 4th.
M: That’s fine. Shall we say 10: 00 am
W: Yes, that’s a good time for us. Er, can I ask you to confirm by email And would you like us to book you a hotel
M: I’ll email you. And thank you, the hotel booking isn’t necessary. I think that’s everything for now.
W: Right, many thanks. We look forward to your email to confirm the meeting. Goodbye, Mr. Hall.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. Who is the speaker
A. A news reporter. B. A teacher. C. A guide.
19. When did the Mayan peoples first reach the rainforests
A. About 1,500 years ago. B. About 3,000 years ago. C. About 500 years ago.
20. How many steps lead to the top of El Castillo
A. 91. B. 364. C. 365.
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. B
【原文】Welcome to the Mayan exhibition, part of our Amazing Civilizations of the Past series, and I hope you’ re going to enjoy our tour today! The Mayan peoples first arrived in the rainforests of southern Mexico and Central America around 3,000 years ago. Their civilization is a fascinating one for many reasons, as we’ll see this morning. It lasted for about 1,900 years, and fortunately, enough buildings and objects have survived from that time to give us a good picture of what their life was like.
Over here is a model of one of their amazing pyramids which is still standing. It’s called El Castillo. It’s just under 100 feet high — that’s 30 metres in total, including the small temple on top. It has four sides, as you see from this model, and each side has a staircase with 91 steps. So in total, including the final sort of “step” on top, that makes how many steps Yes, 365 — and that, of course, is the number of days in a year!
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grateful Hearts Thankful Paws Gala Event
Please join us for an evening of fun, food, and dancing. Suit and dress requested! Enjoy a beautiful night while supporting the work we do at First Responder Therapy Dogs. Learn more about our group, hear about the work we are doing across the country to support the first responder community, enjoy some great entertainment, a silent auction (拍卖), and more!
Group tickets and Corporate Sponsorship Options below!
Ticket Purchase Options
Individual Tickets $120
Your ticket purchase includes an evening of entertainment, food and dancing!
Gala Table Purchase $850 (8 Tickets)
If you and your friends want to enjoy a night of entertainment together, purchase a table.
We are 100% donation funded, so if you aren’t able to attend our gala but would like to contribute to our mission, please feel free to donate.
Sponsorship Levels
Pug-kin Pie Level — $1000
·10 Tickets to Gala Event (Full Table)
·1 FRTD Challenge Coin to commemorate (纪念) your involvement
Raise the Woof Level — $500
·Company name and logo on slideshow
·1 FRTD Challenge Coin to commemorate your support
Round of A-Paws Level — Customizable
We are happy to work with you directly on a sponsorship fit for your budget or your idea and our special event. Please contact Tracy Ryan (tracy@firstrespondertherapydogs.org) to discuss further.
21. What is the main purpose of the Gala Event
A. To raise money for an organization. B. To find new members for a dance club.
C. To provide free food for the community. D. To help people learn about dog training.
22. How much can you save if you buy a gala table instead of 8 individual tickets
A. $80. B. $100. C. $110. D. $120.
23. What should someone do if they want a special sponsorship
A. Reach Tracy Ryan. B. Buy individual tickets.
C. Attend the silent auction. D. Donate online immediately.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A
B
“She was doomed (注定的) — no ship built by human hands could have withstood the pressure.”
When polar explorer Ernest Shackleton wrote this journal entry on October 27, 1915, his dreams of reaching Antarctica had been famously crushed — along with his ship, HMS Endurance.
Shackleton blamed the sinking of the Endurance on the destruction of its rudder (舵) and for more than a century, historians accepted this explanation. Now, an analysis suggests that structural weakness caused the Endurance to sink, and that Shackleton knew about his ship’s failings, but still, that wasn’t enough to stop him from buying it, according to Dr. Jukka Tuhkuri, a professor at Aalto University in Finland.
“I think that Endurance was the best possible ship he could get when he needed it and at a price he could afford,” Tuhkuri said.
A ship that became caught between pack ice, a type of free-floating ice — was at the mercy of the ice. If the crew was fortunate, winds or currents would eventually shift, the ice would loosen its control and the ship would break free. But if the crew were unlucky, the ice would squeeze their ship until it broke.
Tuhkuri was part of the 2022 research that located the Endurance shipwreck. At the time, he was surprised to learn that no one had used structural engineering to evaluate why the Endurance sank. The Endurance, which Tuhkuri learned from historic records, was built for Arctic visits during the summer, not for navigating Antarctic pack ice. Shackleton’s correspondence with colleagues suggests he knew how important diagonal beams (对角梁) were for resisting compressive ice, Tuhkuri found. And from aboard the Endurance, Shackleton wrote to his wife, Emily, admitting that Endurance was “not as strong” as his previous ship, the Nimrod, and adding “I would exchange her for the old Nimrod any day now.”
It’s difficult to say for sure why Shackleton set aside his own doubt and prior knowledge to take such a huge risk, Tuhkuri said. But in those days, risk-taking was part and parcel of polar exploration.
24. What was the traditional explanation for Endurance’s sinking
A. The captain’s wrong decisions. B. Structural weakness of the ship.
C. Destruction of the ship’s rudder. D. Poor quality of building materials.
25. Why did Shackleton buy Endurance with a fault
A. It was recommended by his friends. B. He planned to rebuild it completely.
C. He didn’t believe the ship would encounter ice. D. It was the best ship he could afford at that time.
26. What can we infer about Shackleton’s polar exploration from paragraph 6
A. Endurance was particularly built for the polar exploration.
B. Shackleton sailed Endurance on the expedition despite its fault.
C. Shackleton’s wife was firmly opposed to his polar expedition.
D. Endurance’s diagonal beams did meet the requirement of expedition.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Risk-taking Spirit in Polar Exploration
B. The Reasons for the Sinking of the Endurance
C. The Analysis of the Endurance’s Structural Weakness
D. The Story of Shackleton’s Failed Antarctic Expedition
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B
C
Historically, schools operated differently. In the early 19th century, urban schools were open year-round, while rural schools had two terms, winter and summer. By the late 19th century, a unified calendar began to appear, influenced by several factors.
Contrary to the agriculture myth, summer breaks were not initially designed for children to help on farms. The busiest times were spring planting and fall harvesting. The shift began in the late 1800s when rich families left cities for cooler climates, reducing attendance and influencing school decisions. Additionally, educational reformers viewed summer terms as academically weaker and pushed for teacher training programs during these months. Medical concepts from the 18th and 19th centuries, suggesting overuse of the mind could lead to physical and mental weakness, also persisted despite scientific advancements.
Today, summer breaks persist due to several barriers. Many schools require repairs and lack air conditioning. Teachers also value the traditional schedule, and changing it could exacerbate recruitment and retention (招聘和留用) issues. Moreover, entire industries, such as summer camps and teen employment, rely on these breaks, making change difficult.
However, some schools have adopted balanced calendars by shortening summer breaks and redistributing days off throughout the year. Most balanced schools start in early August, then take some time off mid-fall, at Thanksgiving, around Christmas and New Year, in the middle of the winter, in the middle of spring and around Memorial Day weekend. The summer break of a traditional school is shortened, with the days redistributed to give time off at other times. This model keeps 180 school days but uses them more efficiently. Around 4,000 U.S. schools, representing about 10% of students, follow this approach, leading to increased student achievement and reduced summer learning loss.
Balanced calendars also benefit staff by providing more frequent breaks, helping with retention. These breaks allow for targeted interventions and enrichment activities, catering to diverse student needs.
It is suggested that school schedules should be individualized, preparing students for future professions that do not offer such extended time off. Despite resistance, the balanced calendar model offers a promising alternative to the traditional summer break, addressing both educational and practical challenges.
28. Why did summer breaks start originally
A. Wealthy families began to live in cities. B. Children had to help their parents on farms.
C. Qualified teachers were recruited in summer. D. Medical beliefs implied the harm of overstudying.
29. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Solve. B. Worsen. C. Improve. D. Ignore.
30. What can we infer about balanced calendars
A. They are followed by most U.S. schools. B. They reduce the total number of school days.
C. They improve students’ academic performance. D. They only provide breaks around the holidays.
31. Which could the author agree with regarding school calendars
A More research is needed before any changes can be made.
B. Balanced calendar model should replace the traditional one.
C. The traditional summer break should be shortened or canceled
D. School schedules should be tailored to meet different students’ needs.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D
D
Have you ever been asked a simple question, only to find your mind completely empty This common experience, known as “mind blanking”, occurs more frequently than we realize research suggests our minds go blank 5% — 20% of the time. Cognitive neuroscientist Athena Demertzi defines it as the sudden inability to recall or report any thoughts, though scientists still debate its exact nature.
Studying this phenomenon presents unique challenges. When researchers use functional MRI (fMRI) to scan brains, they often instruct participants to “think of nothing”. Surprisingly, this command actually activates parts of the brain rather than showing true mental stillness. These activated areas reflect the brain’s effort to suppress (压制) thoughts rather than genuine emptiness.
Demertzi’s 2023 study took a different approach. By scanning resting brains and periodically asking subjects to report their thoughts, her team identified a distinct neural pattern before mind blanking — a brief synchronization (同步) where multiple brain networks meantime inactivated. This pattern is similar to what occurs during sleep or anesthesia (麻醉), suggesting mind blanks might be micro-versions of the brain’s “shutdown” processes.
The likelihood of mind blanking appears closely tied to arousal levels — the brain’s degree of inspiration. When arousal is too low, thoughts become broken and hard to maintain. Contrarily, excessive arousal (as in anxiety) can overpower the brain, creating another form of blanking where racing thoughts blur (模糊) into incomprehensibility. Notably, conditions like ADHD (多动症) show lifted rates of mind blanking, with unmedicated children reporting it more frequently than their peers.
Why does this happen Demertzi proposes an interesting theory linking mind blanks to the brain’s maintenance cycles. During sleep, the body clears neural waste — some scientists suppose similar brief “clean-up” periods might occur while awake, appearing as mental blanks. Though debatable, this could explain how our brains keep peak performance: these momentary pauses may be necessary resets during our waking hours.
Ultimately, mind blanking remains partially mysterious, but current research suggests it’s not just mental failure — it might be the brain’s clever way of managing its complex operations. As Demertzi puts it: “How can you keep continuous wakefulness if your brain doesn’t occasionally take a break ”
32. What could happen when people try to “think of nothing” in fMRI scans
A. Some fall into sleep quickly. B. Their brains stop functioning.
C. Certain brain areas are active. D. Their minds are actual empty.
33. What did Demertzi’s 2023 study discover about “mind blanking”
A. It is a short pause of the brain. B. It shows a common brain pattern.
C. It happens during deep sleep. D. It only occurs to mental patients.
34. What might be the purpose of mind blanking according to Demertzi
A. To prepare for sleep. B. To clean brain waste.
C. To improve memory. D. To cause anxiety.
35. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Mind blanking is a serious mental problem.
B. Scientists have found the cure for mind blanking.
C. Mind blanking may be the brain’s self-protection.
D. People should avoid experiencing mind blanking.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Travel Solo with a Group
I’ve never loved group travel. ____36____ I enjoy the freedom of being able to come and go as I please and not having to change plans to visit a restaurant I may dislike, take an Uber when I prefer taking public transportation, or shop at a store that doesn’t carry my size.
But in recent years, I’ve tried something in between solo and group travel — a term I’ve coined “solo travel, together”. ____37____ We stay at different hotels, and pursue different daily activities on the ground, all with the familiarity and reliability of someone available.
A few years ago, I was on a girls’ trip to Southeast Asia with a friend from college and her best friend, and there were times when the three of us saw each other only in passing. We each had our own plan. We were content to check in via text or a quick thumbs-up to an Instagram story. It was only in the evening that we’d sit together. ____38____
____39____ According to experts, plenty of travelers are interested in solo traveling together. We think it’s a great opportunity to connect with friends without the pressure of spending a week or two together and having to compromise on our plans and ideas.
While people may have close relationships with friends and family at home, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are well-matched travel partners. ____40____ Everyone just wants to have a good time, but each person’s definition of a good time might be different. By choosing to solo travel together, it can relieve some of the stressors associated with travel.
A. I’m not the only one.
B. I dislike feeling fastened to others during my trips.
C. It means traveling with friends but doing so separately.
D. But each friend got to pick a restaurant for each day of our stay.
E. We would exchange stories about our day before calling it a night.
F. Travelers come on trips with their own needs, desires, and anxieties.
G. Before a trip, travelers should have conversations about boundaries.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. F
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In my freshman fall, I registered for chemistry, calculus (微积分), an elective, and an English class. Though I’d always liked ____41____, I never expected to dislike my science and math courses in college, as I’d ____42____ them in high school. The college courses just didn’t resonate (产生共鸣) with me, leading to a crisis of ____43____.
The English course, however, was such a delight that I ____44____ joined in class discussions on assigned books and found essay writing ____45____ due to my interest. ____46____, chemistry assignments left me sleepy. Despite doing well, the actuality of more chemistry classes next semester was ____47____.
Looking back, I realized I wasn’t ____48____ in feeling lost at college. The shift from home, tougher classes, and adult responsibilities can be ____49____. At a famous university, it’s easy to feel ____50____ in the crowd.
After struggling for another year, I finally ____51____ to my parents after a physics class that I didn’t want to pursue chemistry anymore. ____52____, they were supportive, encouraging me to follow my passion for English. With their ____53____, I switched to an English major. I explored other paths, took an education course, and finally found my ____54____. Exploring into education, I discovered exciting career options in academia, policy, and more. Most importantly, I was ____55____.
41. A. chemistry B. English C. calculus D. physics
42. A. avoided B. hated C. enjoyed D. feared
43. A. self-image B. self-doubt C. self-identity D. self-worth
44. A. eagerly B. cautiously C. anxiously D. curiously
45. A. fearless B. ceaseless C. priceless D. effortless
46. A. Of course B. For example C. In a word D. On the contrary
47. A. tiring B. confusing C. exciting D. refreshing
48. A. alone B. ready C. wrong D. honest
49. A. opposing B. mounting C. overwhelming D. underlying
50. A. hidden B. left C. lost D. locked
51. A. lied B. explained C. complained D. admitted
52. A. Obviously B. Unfortunately C. Surprisingly D. Normally
53. A. warning B. blessing C. feeling D. thinking
54. A. cause B. hobby C. focus D. problem
55. A. successful B. delighted C. outstanding D. unique
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. B
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is building an enormous network of clean energy industries on the Tibetan Plateau, the world’s ____56____ (high). The intention is to make use of the region’s bright sunshine, cold temperatures and sky-touching altitude ____57____ (produce) low-cost, renewable energy. The result is enough renewable energy to provide the plateau with nearly all of the power it needs, including for data centers used in China’s AI ____58____ (develop) .
The main group of solar farms, known as the Talatan Solar Park, outperforms any other solar farm in the world. It covers 162 square miles in Gonghe County, a high-altitude desert in ____59____ (rare) inhabited Qinghai, a province in western China.
Renewable energy helps China power 30,000 miles of high-speed train routes and its ____60____ (grow) number of electric cars. At the same time, cheap electricity enables China to manufacture (制造) even more solar panels, ____61____ dominate global markets and power AI data centers.
Now, two additional hydropower projects (水电项目) ____62____ (build) in high mountain valleys near the Talatan Solar Park. The plan for both ____63____ (be) to use extra solar power generated during ____64____ day to pump water up into the projects’ reservoirs (水库) several miles up. The water will be allowed to drop down ____65____ mountain tubes to the plateau at night, spinning (旋转) giant turbines (涡轮机) to generate large amounts of electricity.
【答案】56. highest
57. to produce
58. development
59. rarely 60. growing
61. which 62. are being built
63. is 64. the
65. through
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 学校正在开展“Work with My Parents”主题活动，鼓励学生利用寒假亲身体验父母的工作。请你代表学生会写一篇英语短文向学校英语报投稿。要点包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 参加活动的注意事项。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Work with My Parents: A Meaningful Experience
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Work with My Parents: A Meaningful Experience
To deepen students’ understanding of parents’ hard work and strengthen family bonds, our school launches the “Work with My Parents” activity during the winter vacation. It invites us to experience parents’ jobs firsthand.
When participating, follow these tips. Respect parents’ work rules and listen to their guidance patiently. Focus on the tasks assigned and try your best to help. Record your feelings to share later.
This activity will let us cherish parents’ efforts more. Let’s actively join in and gain valuable experiences!
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mom and I faced off (对抗) in the hallway. “You’d better go to bed now,” she said firmly. “I’ll talk to your dad when he gets home. He’ll deal with you.
I rushed to my bedroom, slammed the curtains shut, and flopped onto my bed. The clock glowed 10:15, signaling that Dad would soon be home from his second shift. I knew I was in for it, and I deserved every bit of it.
My day at junior high had been terrible. My best friend, Mary Ellen, had got rid of me for the popular Regina, leaving me alone at the lunch table in the library. Then, in P. E., square dancing brought me embarrassment. Nervous about holding hands with a boy, I was rejected by one who called me “fish” for the rest of the day due to my cold, wet hands.
Feeling hurt and angry, I took it all out on Mom when I got home. I complained about the peanut butter cookies she’d baked, wishing for chocolate chip instead. Later, I laughed at the chicken she’d prepared for dinner, longing for hamburgers. My misplaced anger increased until Mom lost her patience, and we ended up in a shouting match.
As I lay in bed, listening to the garage door open and the muffled voices of my parents, I felt regretful. I replayed the day’s events and realized how unfair I had been to Mom. I knew that if I had shared my troubles with her, she would have listened, comforted me, and made me laugh.
The sounds of the night expanded my guilt-the creak of the door, Dad’s boots on the floor, and then silence. I wondered what my consequence would be. After some time, I heard Dad’s quiet footsteps and the sound of a shower. Curious, I waited, my heart heavy with regret.
注意：
1. 续写词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Eventually, my bedroom door was opened.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning Mom put the hamburger down and reached across the table.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Eventually, my bedroom door was opened. Dad stood quietly, holding a plate of chocolate chip cookies. He sat beside me and listened as I poured out my hurtful day and the unfair way I’d treated Mom. His calm presence eased my guilt. “Your mom understands,” he said gently, “but understanding doesn’t erase hurt. She made these for you.” He patted my shoulder before leaving. I felt both comforted and more determined to apologize.
The next morning Mom put the hamburger down and reached across the table. Her hand covered mine warmly. “I’m sorry yesterday was so hard,” she said before I could speak. Tears filled my eyes as I apologized sincerely. She smiled. “We all have tough days. Just remember you can always talk to me.” Then she added playfully, “You’ll help with dinner tonight though — fair deal ” I nodded, relieved. That simple hamburger, shared in a peaceful kitchen, became a reminder that love doesn’t mean no consequences, but it always offers a fresh start — and sometimes, a second chance with chocolate chips.

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