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名词单复数用法及习题
一、核心概念
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。
可数名词：可以直接计数的名词，如 book, pen, student
不可数名词：无法直接计数的名词，如 water, milk, rice
二、可数名词单数变复数规则
1. 规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般情况直接加 -s book → books; pen → pens; desk → desks
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词加 -es bus → buses; box → boxes; watch → watches; brush → brushes
以 o 结尾的词，有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s 有生命：potato → potatoes; tomato → tomatoes; hero → heroes 无生命：photo → photos; piano → pianos; zoo → zoos
以 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es city → cities; baby → babies; family → families
以 元音字母 + y 结尾，直接加 -s boy → boys; toy → toys; day → days
以 f/fe 结尾，变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es knife → knives; leaf → leaves; wolf → wolves; wife → wives
不规则变化（需特殊记忆）
变内部元音：
man → men; woman → women; foot → feet; tooth → teeth; mouse → mice
单复数同形：
sheep → sheep; deer → deer; fish → fish（鱼的数量）
其他特殊变化：
child → children; person → people
三、不可数名词的用法要点
不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接用 a/an 修饰，也不能直接和具体数字连用。
a water; two rices
a glass of water; two bowls of rice
表示数量时，需要搭配量词短语：
液体：a bottle of milk（一瓶牛奶）; three cups of tea（三杯茶）
固体：a piece of bread（一片面包）; two bags of rice（两袋大米）
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：The water is clean. / The bread is delicious.
四、常见注意事项
有些名词看似复数，实则单数：
news（新闻）, maths（数学）, physics（物理）
例：The news is very interesting.
有些名词只有复数形式：
trousers（裤子）, shoes（鞋子）, glasses（眼镜）
例：These trousers are too long.
可数名词单数不能单独使用，前面需加 a/an, the 或形容词性物主代词。
I have book. → I have a book. / I have my book.
强化练习题
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
pen → ______
watch → ______
potato → ______
city → ______
knife → ______
child → ______
man → ______
sheep → ______
photo → ______
family → ______
二、用所给名词的适当形式填空
There are three ______ (apple) on the table.
I have two ______ (knife) in my bag.
The ______ (child) are playing games in the park.
There are many ______ (bus) on the road.
She likes eating ______ (tomato) very much.
These ______ (sheep) are very cute.
My mother buys some ______ (potato) in the supermarket.
There are five ______ (woman) teachers in our class.
I can see some ______ (box) under the bed.
The ______ (foot) of the boy are very big.
三、单项选择
There are two ______ in the tree.
A. bird B. birds C. birdes
I have three ______ and a bottle of milk.
A. apple B. apples C. applees
How many ______ do you have
A. book B. books C. bookes
These ______ are very delicious.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes
There are some ______ on the desk.
A. watch B. watchs C. watches
I can see a lot of ______ in the river.
A. fish B. fishs C. fishes
Two ______ are talking under the tree.
A. man B. mans C. men
There is some ______ in the glass.
A. waters B. water C. wateres
The ______ are playing football on the playground.
A. child B. childs C. children
She has two ______ and a pen.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives
四、改正下列句子中的错误
There are five box on the desk.
_____________________________________________________________________
I have a lot of friend in my school.
_____________________________________________________________________
The childs are reading books now.
_____________________________________________________________________
There are some tomatos in the basket.
_____________________________________________________________________
He has three knife in his bag.
_____________________________________________________________________
I can see many sheeps on the hill.
_____________________________________________________________________
There is some apples on the plate.
_____________________________________________________________________
She buys two potatos in the shop.
_____________________________________________________________________
The mans are working in the factory.
_____________________________________________________________________
There are some water in the bottle.
_____________________________________________________________________
五、翻译句子（注意名词单复数）
桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。
_____________________________________________________________________
我有三个好朋友。
_____________________________________________________________________
篮子里有一些西红柿和土豆。
_____________________________________________________________________
杯子里有一些牛奶。
_____________________________________________________________________
公园里有很多孩子在玩。
_____________________________________________________________________
我妈妈买了五公斤大米。
_____________________________________________________________________
树上有两只鸟。
_____________________________________________________________________
他有两把刀和一个书包。
_____________________________________________________________________
这些鞋子很漂亮。
_____________________________________________________________________
我想要一杯茶和一片面包。
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、写出复数形式
pens
watches
potatoes
cities
knives
children
men
sheep
photos
families
二、用所给名词适当形式填空
apples
knives
children
buses
tomatoes
sheep
potatoes
women
boxes
feet
三、单项选择
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C
四、改正错误
There are five boxes on the desk.
I have a lot of friends in my school.
The children are reading books now.
There are some tomatoes in the basket.
He has three knives in his bag.
I can see many sheep on the hill.
There are some apples on the plate.
She buys two potatoes in the shop.
The men are working in the factory.
There is some water in the bottle.
五、翻译句子
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
I have three good friends.
There are some tomatoes and potatoes in the basket.
There is some milk in the glass.
There are many children playing in the park.
My mother buys five kilos of rice.
There are two birds in the tree.
He has two knives and a schoolbag.
These shoes are very beautiful.
I want a cup of tea and a piece of bread.

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