Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 词汇、短语和句型背记 2025-2026学年鲁教版五四制英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 词汇、短语和句型背记 2025-2026学年鲁教版五四制英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
rainstorm / re nst m/ 暴风雨 n. 合成词,a heavy rainstorm(特大暴风雨)
alarm / lɑ m/ 闹钟;警报 n. set an alarm(设闹钟)、alarm goes off(闹钟响)
begin /b ɡ n/ 开始 v. 过去式began,过去分词begun,begin to do(开始做)
heavily / hev li/ 大量地;猛烈地 adv. rain heavily(下大雨)、snow heavily(下大雪)
suddenly / s d nli/ 突然;忽然 adv. 修饰动词,suddenly rain(突然下雨)
strange /stre nd / 奇特的;奇怪的 adj. strange noise(奇怪的声音)、strange man(陌生人)
storm /st m/ 暴风雨 n. 比rainstorm更侧重“风暴”,thunderstorm(雷暴)
wind /w nd/ 风 n. strong wind(大风)、windy(形容词,有风的)
light /la t/ 光;光线;光亮 n. natural light(自然光)、turn on the light(开灯)
report /r p t/ 报道;公布 v./n. news report(新闻报道)、report sth.(报道某事)
area / e ri / 地域;地区 n. in the area(在这个地区)、rural area(农村地区)
wood /w d/ 木;木头 n. 不可数名词,a piece of wood(一块木头)
window / w nd / 窗;窗户 n. open the window(开窗)、clean the window(擦窗)
flashlight / fl la t/ 手电筒;火炬 n. carry a flashlight(带手电筒)、turn on the flashlight(开手电筒)
match /m t / 火柴 n. a box of matches(一盒火柴)、light a match(点燃火柴)
beat /bi t/ 敲打;打败 v. 过去式/过去分词beat,beat against(撞击)
against / ɡenst/ 倚;碰;撞 prep. beat against the window(撞在窗户上)、lean against(靠着)
asleep / sli p/ 睡着的 adj. 作表语,fall asleep(入睡)、be fast asleep(睡得很沉)
rise /ra z/ 升起;增加;提高 v. 过去式rose,过去分词risen,sun rise(日出)
fallen / f l n/ 倒下的;落下的 adj. fallen trees(倒下的树)、fallen leaves(落叶)
apart / pɑ t/ 分离;分开 adv. break apart(破碎)、live apart(分居)
icy / a si/ 覆盖着冰的;冰冷的 adj. icy roads(结冰的道路)、icy water(冰水)
kid /k d/ 开玩笑;欺骗 v. kid sb.(开玩笑)、Don’t kid me(别骗我)
realize / ri la z/ 理解;领会;认识到 v. realize one’s mistake(意识到错误)、realize the truth(认清真相)
passage / p s d / 章节;段落 n. read a passage(读一段)、a short passage(短文)
pupil / pju pl/ 学生 n. primary school pupil(小学生)
completely /k m pli tli/ 彻底地;完全地 pletely shocked(彻底震惊)、completely wrong(完全错误)
shocked / kt/ 惊愕的;受震惊的 adj. be shocked at(对……感到震惊)
silence / sa l ns/ 沉默;缄默;无声 n. in silence(沉默地)、break the silence(打破沉默)
recently / ri sntli/ 不久前;最近 adv. recently heard(最近听说)、recently moved(最近搬家)
terrorist / ter r st/ 恐怖主义者;恐怖分子 n. 复数terrorists
date /de t/ 日期;日子 n. set a date(定日期)、birth date(出生日期)
tower / ta / 塔;塔楼 n. TV tower(电视塔)、Eiffel Tower(埃菲尔铁塔)
truth /tru θ/ 实情;事实 n. tell the truth(说实话)、know the truth(知道真相)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
go off (闹钟)发出响声;爆炸 My alarm didn’t go off this morning, so I was late.(我的闹钟今早没响,所以我迟到了。)
pick up 接电话;捡起;拾起 She picked up the phone as soon as it rang.(电话一响她就接了。)
fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(他太累了,马上就睡着了。)
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失 The wind died down at midnight.(午夜时分风渐渐停了。)
have a look 看一看 Can I have a look at your new book (我能看看你的新书吗?)
make one’s way 前往;费力地前进 We made our way through the crowd to the stage.(我们挤过人群走向舞台。)
in silence 沉默;无声 They walked home in silence after the argument.(争吵后他们沉默地走回了家。)
take down 拆除;往下拽;记录 The old building will be taken down next month.(这栋老建筑下个月将被拆除。)
at first 首先;最初 At first I didn’t understand his words, then I realized.(起初我没懂他的话,后来才明白。)
beat against 撞击;敲打 The rain was beating heavily against the windows.(雨猛烈地撞在窗户上。)
break apart 破碎;分裂 The glass broke apart when it fell on the floor.(杯子掉在地上摔碎了。)
clean up 清理;打扫 After the storm, people joined to clean up the neighborhood.(暴风雨后,人们一起清理小区。)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
What were you doing at + 时间 你在……时候正在做什么? —What were you doing at eight last night —I was watching TV.(—你昨晚八点在做什么?—我在看电视。) 询问过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时
What was/were + 主语 + doing when … 当……的时候,……正在做什么? —What was she doing when the rainstorm came —She was doing her homework.(—暴风雨来的时候她在做什么?—她在做作业。) when引导短暂性动作,主句用过去进行时
While + 主语 + was/were doing …, 主语 + was/were doing … 当……正在做……的时候,……正在做…… While my mom was cooking, my dad was repairing the bike.(我妈妈做饭的时候,我爸爸在修自行车。) while引导持续性动作,前后句均用过去进行时,表同时进行
When + 主语 + 一般过去时 …, 主语 + was/were doing … 当……发生的时候,……正在做…… When the accident happened, we were walking to school.(事故发生时,我们正在步行去上学。) 短暂性动作作时间状语,主句表持续进行的动作
It was + 时间点 + when … 当……的时候,时间是…… It was 7:00 a.m. when we started our trip.(我们出发的时候是早上七点。) 强调动作发生的具体时间
At the time of …, 主语 + was/were doing … 在……发生的时候,……正在做…… At the time of the fire, people were sleeping soundly.(火灾发生时,人们正在熟睡。) 用于描述重大事件发生时的场景

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