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中考英语非谓语动词专项复习
非谓语动词是初中英语语法的核心重难点，也是中考高频考点。它指句子中不充当谓语的动词变形，不受主语人称和数的限制，主要分为三大类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing/过去分词 done）。掌握其用法的关键是抓住“双重身份”：既有动词特征（可带宾语、状语），又有非谓语属性（不作谓语，承担主语、宾语等功能）。
一、核心概念与分类梳理
非谓语动词的核心区别在于形式、语义和句法功能，具体对比如下表：
类型 基本形式（否定式：not+形式） 核心语义 主要句法功能
不定式 to + 动词原形（特殊情况省to） 表目的、将来动作；强调具体、一次性动作 主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语
动名词 动词 + ing 具有名词性质，表抽象、习惯性、经常性动作 主语、宾语、表语、定语
现在分词 动词 + ing 表主动关系；强调动作正在进行 状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语
过去分词 动词过去分词（规则：ed；不规则需记忆） 表被动关系；强调动作已经完成 状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语
二、三大类非谓语动词详解（中考重点）
（一）不定式（to do）—— 中考核心考点
1. 核心用法
作主语：常用it作形式主语，将真正主语放句末，避免句子头重脚轻。
句型1：It’s + 形容词（important/difficult/necessary…）+ for sb. to do sth.（形容词描述事情）
例：It’s important for us to protect the environment.（保护环境对我们很重要）
句型2：It’s + 形容词（kind/nice/good/clever…）+ of sb. to do sth.（形容词描述人的品质）
例：It’s kind of you to help me.（你能帮我真是太好了）
作宾语：紧跟在特定动词后，需牢记固定搭配。
常见接to do的动词/短语：want（想要）、hope（希望）、decide（决定）、plan（计划）、refuse（拒绝）、agree（同意）、expect（期待）、learn（学习）、promise（承诺）、would like（想要）
例：She wants to be a doctor in the future.（她将来想当一名医生）
补充：find/think后接不定式作宾语时，也用it作形式宾语：I find it easy to read English every day.（我发现每天读英语很容易）
作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作，与宾语构成逻辑主谓关系。
例：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.（露西让他把收音机音量调小）
作定语：放在被修饰的名词后，与名词构成逻辑动宾关系。
例：I have a lot of homework to do.（我有很多作业要做）
作状语：主要表目的、原因或结果。
表目的（最常见）：Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.（王太太去上海看她女儿）
表原因：We’re glad to meet you here.（我们很高兴在这里见到你）
表结果：He is too tired to work on.（他太累了，无法继续工作）
2. 特殊规则：to的“省”与“还原”
（1）省to的情况：在使役动词（make/let/have，“三让”）和感官动词（see/hear/watch/notice/feel，“一感一听三看”）的主动语态中，作宾补的不定式需省to。
例1：The teacher made the students answer the question again.（老师让学生们再回答一次这个问题）
例2：We often hear Jack sing English songs.（我们经常听到杰克唱英文歌）
（2）还原to的情况：当上述使役动词、感官动词变为被动语态时，省掉的to必须还原。
例1：The students were made to answer the question again.（学生们被要求再回答一次这个问题）
例2：Jack is often heard to sing English songs.（杰克经常被听到唱英文歌）
（3）特殊例外：help后接不定式时，to可省可不省：Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim.（汤姆帮弟弟学游泳）
巩固习题一
一 用括号内单词的不定式形式填空（注意区分不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补的用法。）
______ (finish) the work in such a short time is a big challenge for us.
My parents expect me ______ (get) good grades in the final exam.
She has a lot of homework ______ (do) tonight.
He got up early ______ (catch) the first bus to school.
It is necessary ______ (learn) a foreign language well in the 21st century.
The teacher asked the students ______ (not talk) in class.
I have no time ______ (go) shopping with you this weekend.
______ (protect) the environment is everyone's duty.
They stopped ______ (have) a rest because they were too tired.
The little boy wants ______ (buy) a toy car as his birthday gift.
We need a room ______ (live) in when we travel to Beijing.
She went to the library ______ (borrow) some storybooks.
It's kind of you ______ (help) the old man cross the street.
My mother told me ______ (clean) my bedroom before dinner.
______ (solve) this math problem, you need to use the new formula.
（二）动名词（doing）—— 高频考点
1. 核心用法
作主语：表抽象、习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数；也可用it作形式主语（句型：It’s no use/good/fun doing sth.）。
例1：Eating too much is bad for your health.（吃太多对你的健康有害）
例2：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收，固定句型）
作宾语：紧跟在特定动词或介词后，牢记固定搭配是关键。
① 常见接doing的动词/短语：enjoy（喜欢）、mind（介意）、finish（完成）、practice（练习）、avoid（避免）、suggest（建议）、miss（错过）、keep（持续）、be worth（值得）、have fun（开心）、have difficulty/problems（困难）
例：She enjoys reading novels in her free time.（她空闲时喜欢读小说）
② 介词后必须接doing（in/on/by/with/without等）：He improves his English by speaking with classmates.（他通过和同学说话提高英语）
作定语：说明被修饰名词的用途，放在名词前。
例：Bill is in the reading room.（比尔在阅览室里，reading说明room的用途）
巩固练习二
二 用括号内单词的动名词形式填空，注意区分动名词作主语、宾语、定语的用法
______ (swim) in the river alone is very dangerous.
My brother enjoys ______ (play) basketball with his friends after school.
We need a ______ (wash) machine to help with the housework.
______ (read) English aloud every morning is a good way to improve pronunciation.
She practices ______ (speak) French for an hour every day.
The ______ (park) lot near our school is always full on weekdays.
______ (travel) around the world is my biggest dream.
My parents don’t mind ______ (watch) this TV show with me.
There is a ______ (fish) boat floating on the lake.
______ (learn) a new skill takes time and patience.
He suggested ______ (have) a picnic in the park this weekend.
The ______ (shop) mall in our city is the largest one in the province.
______ (cook) delicious food makes my family happy.
They keep ______ (run) for 30 minutes every morning to keep healthy.
This is a ______ (sleep) bag for camping trips.
（三）分词（doing/done）—— 易错考点
1. 现在分词（doing）：主动、进行
主要作状语（表伴随、同时发生的动作）或定语（表主动、进行的状态）。
例1（作状语）：Smiling, she walked into the classroom.（她笑着走进教室，smiling与walked同时发生，表伴随）
例2（作定语）：The boy running in the park is my brother.（在公园里跑步的男孩是我弟弟，running表主动，动作正在进行）
2. 过去分词（done）：被动、完成
主要作状语（表被动、完成的动作）或定语（表被动、完成的状态），作定语时常后置。
例1（作状语）：Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.（从山上看，这座城市很美，city与see是被动关系）
例2（作定语）：The bridge built last year is very strong.（去年建成的桥很坚固，built表完成；The question to be discussed tomorrow is important.（明天要讨论的问题很重要，to be discussed表将来被动）
巩固练习三
用括号内单词的现在分词（doing）或过去分词（done）形式填空，注意区分主动 / 进行、被动 / 完成的用法。
Look! The girl ______ (dance) over there is my cousin.
The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular among teenagers.
We heard a song ______ (sing) when we passed the music room.
The teacher stood at the door, ______ (wait) for the late students.
The window ______ (break) by the strong wind has been repaired.
______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful.
The boy ______ (read) a novel didn’t notice his mother come in.
I don’t like the film ______ (show) on TV last night.
______ (walk) along the street, she met an old friend of hers.
The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is very important.
The workers ______ (build) the new bridge are from my hometown.
The clothes ______ (wash) yesterday are still wet because of the bad weather.
______ (not know) his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.
The students ______ (sit) in the front row can hear the teacher clearly.
The story ______ (tell) by my grandfather made all of us laugh.
三、中考高频易错点“避雷”指南
2. 接to do和doing意义不同的动词（中考重点）
动词 to do（不定式） doing（动名词）
remember 记得去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做）
forget 忘记去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做）
stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
try 努力去做某事 尝试做某事（试方法）
例：Don’t forget to close the windows before leaving.（离开前别忘了关窗，未做，用to close）；I remember closing the door this morning.（我记得早上关过门了，已做，用closing）
3. 使役/感官动词后to的“省”与“还原”易错
易错点：被动语态中忘记还原to。
例：误：She was made clean the room. 正：She was made to clean the room.（她被要求打扫房间）
4. 分词作状语时逻辑主语不一致
易错点：分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不同。
误：Seeing from the top, the city is beautiful.（see的逻辑主语不是city，而是人）
正：Seen from the top, the city is beautiful.（city与see是被动关系）
巩固练习四
用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意区分 to do/doing 用法差异、使役 / 感官动词 to 的省与还原、分词状语逻辑主语一致问题。
I remember ______ (lock) the door, but now it’s open.
Don’t forget ______ (bring) your homework to school tomorrow.
The students stopped ______ (talk) when the teacher came in.
Let’s stop ______ (have) a drink. We’ve worked for two hours.
He tried ______ (climb) the mountain, but the bad weather stopped him.
Why not try ______ (use) a new method to solve the problem
The boss made the workers ______ (work) ten hours a day last year.
The workers were made ______ (work) ten hours a day last year.
I saw him ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now.
He was seen ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now.
______ (hear) the news, she couldn’t help crying.
______ (take) good care of, the baby fell asleep quickly.
I regret ______ (tell) you that you didn’t pass the exam.
She regretted ______ (waste) so much time playing computer games.
______ (walk) in the street, a car stopped beside me
参考答案：
巩固习题一
To finish
to get
to do
to catch
to learn
not to talk
to go
To protect
to have
to buy
to live
to borrow
to help
to clean
To solve
巩固练习二
Swimming
playing
washing
Reading
speaking
parking
Traveling
watching
fishing
Learning
having
shopping
Cooking
running
sleeping
巩固练习三
dancing
written
being sung
waiting
broken
Seen
reading
shown
Walking
discussed
building
washed
Not knowing
sitting
told
巩固练习四
locking
to bring
talking
to have
to climb
using
work
to work
play
to play
Hearing
Taken
to tell
wasting
Walking

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