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Unit 7 语法：疑问词 how old/how many/how much
（讲解+专项习题）
一、语法核心定义与功能
本单元语法是how 引导的特殊疑问词（how old/how many/how much），用于询问年龄、可数名词数量、不可数名词数量/物品价格，常与一般现在时连用，是购物、询问生日相关信息的高频表达。
二、三类疑问词的详细用法
1. how old — 询问年龄
（1）核心功能
用于提问人或动物的岁数，回答用“主语 + be 动词 + 数字 (+ years old)”，years old 可省略。
（2）句型结构
句式 结构 例句
疑问句 How old + be 动词 + 主语？ —How old are you （你几岁了？） —How old is your brother （你弟弟几岁了？）
回答句 主语 + be 动词 + 数字 (+ years old). —I’m twelve (years old).（我12岁。） —He’s five (years old).（他5岁。）
（3）高频易错点
误：How old you are （语序错误，疑问句需 be 动词提前）
正：How old are you
误：She is old twelve.（数字与 old 语序错误）
正：She is twelve (years old).
2. how many — 询问可数名词的数量
（1）核心功能
用于提问可以计数的人或事物的数量，后接可数名词复数，回答用具体数字。
（2）句型结构
句式 结构 例句
疑问句 How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句？ —How many candles do you need （你需要多少根蜡烛？） —How many friends will come to your party （多少朋友会来你的派对？）
回答句 主语 + 动词 + 数字 (+ 名词复数). / 直接用数字回答. —We need ten (candles).（我们需要10根。） —Fifteen (friends).（15个。）
（3）高频易错点
误：How many cake do you have （cake 是可数名词，需用复数）
正：How many cakes do you have
误：How many milk do you want （milk 是不可数名词，不能用 how many）
正：How much milk do you want
3. how much — 询问不可数名词数量/物品价格
（1）核心功能
功能①：询问无法计数的事物的数量，后接不可数名词；
功能②：询问单个或多个物品的价格，后可直接接名词或省略名词。
（2）句型结构
功能 疑问句结构 例句
询问不可数名词数量 How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句？ —How much juice do we need （我们需要多少果汁？） —How much bread is there on the table （桌上有多少面包？）
询问物品价格 How much + be 动词 + 物品？ —How much is the birthday cake （这个生日蛋糕多少钱？） —How much are these balloons （这些气球多少钱？）
回答句 数量回答：数字 + 量词 (+ of + 不可数名词) ② 价格回答：数字 (+ 货币单位) ① We need two bottles of juice.（我们需要两瓶果汁。） ② It’s 80 yuan. / They’re 20 yuan.
（3）高频易错点
误：How much apples are there （apples 是可数复数，不能用 how much）
正：How many apples are there
误：How much is the shoes （shoes 是复数，be 动词用 are）
正：How much are the shoes
误：It’s 80 yuans.（yuan 是不可数名词，无复数形式）
正：It’s 80 yuan.
三、三类疑问词对比表（一目了然）
疑问词 提问对象 后接成分 回答方式
how old 年龄 无（直接接 be 动词） 数字 (+ years old)
how many 可数名词数量 可数名词复数 具体数字
how much 不可数名词数量 2. 物品价格 1. 不可数名词 2. 名词（单/复）或省略 1. 数字+量词+of+不可数名词 2. 数字+货币单位
四、专项习题
1. 基础题：用 how old/how many/how much 填空
______ is your grandfather He’s 70 years old.
______ candles do you want for the cake I want 12.
______ is this toy car It’s 35 yuan.
______ milk do you need for the drink Two boxes.
______ are these flowers They’re 50 yuan.
______ books are there on the desk Ten.
______ is your little sister She’s 3 years old.
______ rice do we have at home A little.
______ students will come to the party Twenty-five.
______ is the new schoolbag It’s 90 yuan.
2. 中档题：按要求改写句子
I’m thirteen years old.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________________________________
There are ten bananas in the basket.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________________________________
The birthday cake is 100 yuan.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________________________________
We need three bottles of water.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________________________________
How old is your father （根据实际情况回答）
____________________________________________________________________
How many pencils do you have （根据实际情况回答）
____________________________________________________________________
How much is the T-shirt （改为复数句提问）
____________________________________________________________________
The dog is two years old.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________________________________
3. 提高题：补全对话
对话 1：买生日蛋糕
A: Good morning! Can I help you
B: Yes, I want a birthday cake.
A: OK. ______ is the cake for
B: It’s for my mother.
A: ______ is she
B: She’s 40 years old.
A: ______ candles do you want
B: I want 40 small candles.
A: Here you are. The cake is 120 yuan.
B: OK. And ______ are those flowers
A: They’re 30 yuan.
B: I’ll take the cake and the flowers.
对话 2：准备派对
A: We need to prepare for Tom’s birthday party.
B: Sure. ______ juice do we need
A: We need two bottles of orange juice.
B: ______ friends will come to the party
A: About 15.
B: ______ is Tom this year
A: He’s 13. We need a cake with 13 candles.
B: Great! Let’s go shopping now.
五、习题答案
1. 基础题
How old 2. How many 3. How much 4. How much 5. How much
How many 7. How old 8. How much 9. How many 10. How much
2. 中档题
How old are you
How many bananas are there in the basket
How much is the birthday cake
How much water do you need
示例：He’s 45 years old.
示例：I have 5 pencils.
How much are the T-shirts
How old is the dog
3. 提高题
对话 1
A: Good morning! Can I help you
B: Yes, I want a birthday cake.
A: OK. Who is the cake for
B: It’s for my mother.
A: How old is she
B: She’s 40 years old.
A: How many candles do you want
B: I want 40 small candles.
A: Here you are. The cake is 120 yuan.
B: OK. And how much are those flowers
A: They’re 30 yuan.
B: I’ll take the cake and the flowers.
对话 2
A: We need to prepare for Tom’s birthday party.
B: Sure. How much juice do we need
A: We need two bottles of orange juice.
B: How many friends will come to the party
A: About 15.
B: How old is Tom this year
A: He’s 13. We need a cake with 13 candles.
B: Great! Let’s go shopping now.

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