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2025译林版牛津英语八上学霸必背知识清单
Unit 8 Safe and sound
Word power
我们可以将两个单词组合起来创造新单词，这类新单词被称为复合词（compound words）。
（1）复合名词（compound nouns）的常见构成方式如下：
名词+名词 → thunderstorm（雷暴）、teamwork（团队合作）、snowball（雪球）
名词+动词 → earthquake（地震）、rainfall（降雨量）、sunrise（日出）
动词+名词 → passport（护照）、playground（操场）、driveway（车道）
形容词+名词 → whiteboard（白板）、software（软件）、gentleman（绅士）
（2）部分复合词在构成时需要添加连字符（-）：
表示方向/方位：north（北）+ east（东）→ north-east（东北）
表示属性/状态：part（部分）+ time（时间）→ part-time（兼职的）
policeman （男）警察（可数名词，复数为policemen） policewoman 女警察（复数为policewomen）
police n. 警察（“警察”的总称，前面常加定冠词；做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）
Two policemen are standing at the crossing to keep the traffic in order. 两名男警察正站在路口维持交通秩序。
That policewoman over there is my mother’s former classmate. 那边的那位女警察是我妈妈的老同学。
The police play an important role in protecting people’s safety. 警察在保护人们的安全方面发挥着重要作用。
Mum and Dad went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, so I was home alone last weekend. 上周末爸妈去乡下探望爷爷奶奶，我一个人在家。
visit vt. 看望；拜访；参观 visit sb. 看望/拜访某人 visit sp. 参观/访问某地
Our class plans to visit a big farm in the countryside next week.（我们班计划下周去乡下参观一个大农场。
visit n. 看望；拜访；参观 pay a visit to sb./sp. 拜访某人/参观某地
My teacher paid a visit to her old friend in the countryside last month.（我的老师上个月去乡下拜访了她的老朋友。
in the countryside在乡下
That was close—I nearly started a fire! 好险啊—我差点引发火灾！
that was close 好险；差一点；侥幸躲过
That was close! I almost missed the last bus home. 差一点！我差点没赶上回家的末班车。
nearly adv. 几乎；将近；差点（侧重 “接近目标但未达成”，在肯定句或带有具体数字的句子中，可与 almost 互换）；与 no, none, never, nothing, nobody 等否定词连用时，不能用 nearly，只能使用 almost。
She nearly finished her homework when her mother came back. 妈妈回来时，她几乎已经完成了作业。
Almost no one arrived late for the meeting this morning. 今天早上几乎没人开会迟到。
start a fire 引发火灾；点火
It's dangerous to start a fire in the dry forest. 在干燥的森林里点火是很危险的。
Integration
The storm hit at about 9 p.m. 暴风雨大约在晚上 9 点来袭。
hit vt.&vi.（过去式为hit）袭击；来临 （用手、工具等）击打某人/某物（单次）
A heavy rainstorm hit our town last night. 昨晚一场大暴雨袭击了我们的小镇。
She hit the table angrily when she heard the bad news. 听到坏消息时，她生气地拍了一下桌子。
beat vi.（连续）敲打；拍打（如鼓、翅膀等）
The bird beat its wings hard and flew high into the sky.（小鸟用力地拍动翅膀，飞向了高空。
Right now, firemen are working hard to help them. 目前，消防员们正全力协助他们。
work hard to do sth. 努力做某事 work hard at sth. 在某方面努力
My sister works hard to improve her English every day. 我姐姐每天都努力提升自己的英语水平。
All the students are working hard at their lessons before the exam. 考试前，所有学生都在功课方面努力学习。
right now 目前，此刻（语气更强烈）；立刻（表命令）； now 现在（语气较平缓）；
at the moment此刻（更书面化）
Right now, my mother is cooking in the kitchen. 此时此刻，我妈妈正在厨房做饭。
Right now! Go to your room and finish your homework. 立刻！去你的房间完成作业。
Now, let’s talk about the weather tomorrow. 现在，我们来谈谈明天的天气。
We can’t go out to play at the moment because it’s raining heavily. 我们此刻不能出去玩，因为雨下得很大。
We will keep reporting on this developing situation. 我们将继续报道这一不断发展的局势
keep doing sth. 持续做某事；一直做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sth.+形容词 使某物保持某种状态
The little boy keeps asking strange questions about nature. 这个小男孩一直问关于自然的奇怪问题。
Don’t keep your parents waiting for you outside the school gate. 不要让你的父母一直在校门口等你。
We should keep children from playing with fire. 我们应该阻止孩子们玩火。
report vi.&vt. 报道；报告 report on sth. 就某件事进行报道/报告 report+宾语（人/事/物）
Our class will report on the environmental protection project next week. 下周，我们班将就这个环保项目进行报告。
You must report the accident to your teacher at once. 你必须立即把这场事故报告给老师。
developing adj. 正在发展的；不断变化的 → developed adj. 已经发展的；发达的
We need to pay attention to this developing problem in our daily life. 我们需要关注日常生活中这个正在发展的问题。
The USA is one of the most developed countries in the world. 美国是世界上最发达的国家之一。
So far 34 people are dead, including three firemen. 到目前为止，已有 34 人遇难，其中包括三名消防员。
so far 截至目前；到目前为止（常用于现在完成时，强调 “累计结果”; 也可用于一般现在时，表 “当前已呈现的状态”，新闻/描述场景常用）
So far, we have saved more than 200 animals in danger. 到目前为止，我们已经拯救了 200 多只濒危动物。
So far, the number of people joining the club is 150. 截至目前，加入这个俱乐部的人数是 150 人。
including prep. 包括；包含
The museum shows many old things, including some ancient coins and paintings. 这家博物馆展出了很多古物，包括一些古钱币和画作。
If you are in a building on fire, you should get out as soon as possible. 如果你身处着火的建筑物内，应该尽快撤离。
on fire 着火的（介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词 building）
get out 撤离；出去；逃生
The teacher shouted to the students, “Get out quickly! The building on fire is not safe!” 老师对学生们大喊：“快出去！这栋着火的建筑物不安全了！”
as soon as possible 尽快（= as soon as you can）
Please finish your homework as soon as possible/as soon as you can. 请尽快完成作业。
It is also helpful to place warning signs around the cars to avoid another accident. 在车辆周围设置警示标志也有助于避免再次发生事故。
place v. 放置；设置 place sth. +地点状语 在某处放置某物
Please place your schoolbag on the desk before class starts. 上课前，请把你的书包放在桌子上。
warning signs 警示标志；警告牌
The warning signs on the wall tell us not to run in the hallway. 墙上的警告牌告诉我们不要在走廊里奔跑。
avoid sth. 避免某事 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
You should avoid mistakes by checking your homework carefully. 你应该通过仔细检查作业来避免错误。
She tries to avoid going out alone at night for her safety. 为了安全，她尽量避免晚上独自出门。
First clean the wound. 首先清洗伤口。
wound cn. 伤；伤口；创伤（既指外伤，以可以指心灵上的创伤）
She got a small wound on her knee when she fell off her bike on the way to school. 她上学路上从自行车上摔下来，膝盖受了一点小伤。
The loss of her favorite pet left a deep wound in the little girl’s heart. 心爱宠物的离世，在小女孩的心里留下了深深的创伤。
wound vt. 使（身体）受伤；伤害
The brave policeman was wounded while catching the bad man. 这位勇敢的警察在抓坏人时受了伤。
Careless use of tools may wound your hands or fingers. 粗心使用工具可能会弄伤你的手或手指。
Tie a piece of clean cloth round the wound, and press it firmly for 10 to 15 minutes. 将一块干净的布料缠绕在伤口上，并用力按压10至15分钟
tie v. 捆；绑；缠绕 n. 领带
The farmer tied the goat to a tree to stop it from running away. 农夫把山羊绑在树上，防止它跑掉。
She tied a scarf around her neck to keep warm in the cold wind. 她在脖子上缠绕了一条围巾，以便在寒风中保暖。
press v. 按压；按压 press sth. firmly 用力按压某物
pressure n. 压力 put pressure on sb. 给某人施加压力 under pressure 在压力之下
You can press this button to turn on the classroom light. 你可以按这个按钮打开教室的灯。
Don’t put pressure on yourself—you can finish the task step by step. 不要给自己施加压力，你可以一步步完成任务。
Some students feel tired under pressure of too much homework. 一些学生在过多作业的压力之下感到疲惫。
What can I do if I can't stop the bleeding 如果无法止血，我该怎么办？
bleed vi. 失血，流血（过去式为 bled）bleed to death失血致死→ blood n. 血，血液（不可数）
His nose began to bleed when he ran into the door by accident. 他不小心撞到门上时，鼻子开始流血了。
She lost a lot of blood in the accident. 她在事故中流了很多血。
stop the bleeding 止血（bleeding 是动词 bleed（流血）的动名词形式，此处作名词用，意为 “出血；流血”）
Firemen often know some simple ways to stop the bleeding in an emergency. 消防员通常知道一些在紧急情况下止血的简单方法。
A big wave was coming towards us. 一个大浪正朝我们涌来。
wave cn. 波浪；海浪 v. 波动；挥手
We saw many beautiful waves when we took a boat trip yesterday. 昨天我们乘船旅行时，看到了很多美丽的波浪。
My friend waved to me when she saw me at the school gate. 我的朋友在校门口看到我时，向我挥了挥手。
come towards sb./sth. 朝某人 / 某物走来；向某人 / 某物涌来
When the teacher comes towards you, you should stand up politely. 当老师朝你走来时，你应该礼貌地站起来。
When I looked back, the whole beach and all the buildings below us were in water. 当我回头望去，整片海滩和我们下方的所有建筑物都已淹没在水中。
look back (at sb./sth.) 回顾；回头看（......）
The little girl looked back at the dog and ran away quickly. 小女孩回头看了看那只狗，然后飞快地跑开了。
The old man looks back at his life and feels very satisfied. 这位老人回顾自己的一生，感到非常满足。
the whole+单数名词（强调 “整体”）
After the heavy rain, the whole village was covered with water. 大雨过后，整个村庄都被水覆盖了。
all+the+可数名词复数/不可数名词
All the water in the lake became dirty after the accident. 事故后，湖里所有的水都变脏了。
be in water在水中；被水淹没
The firefighters found that the first floor of the building was in water. 消防员发现这栋楼的一楼已经被水淹没了。
After the tidal wave passed, the police checked to see if everyone was OK and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days. 海啸过后，警方检查了所有人的安全情况，并警告我们在接下来的几天里远离海滩。
pass v. 经过；通过；（灾害、时间等）过去 pass by 经过 pass through 穿过 pass away过世
He passed the English exam with the help of his teacher. 在老师的帮助下，他通过了英语考试。
A group of firemen passed by when we were waiting for the bus. 我们等公交车的时候，一队消防员从旁边经过。
The small river passes through our village and runs into the sea. 这条小河穿过我们的村庄，流入大海。
His kind grandmother passed away peacefully last year. 他慈祥的奶奶去年安详地过世了。
check vt./vi. 检查；核查；确认 check to see if...核查是否…… check sth. 检查某物
Please check your homework again to avoid mistakes. 请再检查一遍作业，避免出错。
I checked to see if the windows were closed before I left home. 我出门前，核查了窗户是否都关好了。
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事 warn sb. that 从句 警告某人......
The sign warns people not to smoke in the public area. 这个标志警告人们不要在公共区域吸烟。
My parents warned me that it was dangerous to go out alone at night. 父母警告我，晚上独自出门很危险。
stay away from sb./sth.远离某人/某物
Please stay away from the broken window, or you may get hurt. 请远离破碎的窗户，否则你可能会受伤。

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