Unit 3 My School 方位介词详细讲解及练习(含答案)2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语七年级上册

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Unit 3 My School 方位介词详细讲解及练习(含答案)2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语七年级上册

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方位介词详细讲解+专项习题
一、核心定义与作用
方位介词是用于精准描述人/物在空间中的位置关系的词汇,核心功能是“定位”。它必须后接名词、代词或动名词(如the desk、my home、the park)构成介词短语,在句中作地点状语,常与There be句型、主系表结构搭配(如The book is on the desk. / There is a tree behind the house.)。
二、核心方位介词/短语
结合校园、家庭、日常出行等七年级高频场景,分类讲解核心介词,标注用法细节和易错点:
1. 表“前后位置”(最易混淆:外部vs内部)
介词/短语 核心含义 关键区别 例句
in front of 在……前面(外部前方) 两个独立物体,A在B的外部正前方,不包含在B内部 There are some trees in front of the school gate.(校门前有一些树→树在大门外) The bike is in front of the classroom.(自行车在教室前面→自行车在教室外)
in the front of 在……前面(内部前方) 同一物体内部,A在B的内部前端,属于B的一部分 The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.(讲桌在教室前面→讲桌在教室内部) There is a blackboard in the front of the room.(房间前部有一块黑板→黑板在房间内)
behind 在……后面(外部后方) 两个独立物体,A在B的外部正后方,与in front of相对 The library is behind the teaching building.(图书馆在教学楼后面→两者都是独立建筑) My bag is behind the door.(我的书包在门后面→书包在门外后侧)
2. 表“旁边/邻近”(距离差异:紧挨着vs较近)
介词/短语 核心含义 用法细节 例句
next to 在……旁边/紧挨着 距离极近,几乎相邻,强调“紧贴” The bookstore is next to the bank.(书店紧挨着银行→无空隙)
There is a flower pot next to the window.(窗户旁边有一个花盆→紧贴窗户)
beside 在……旁边 与next to含义相近,距离可稍远,可互换(七年级阶段无需严格区分) She sits beside me in class.(她上课坐在我旁边→可紧挨着,也可隔一小段距离)
The water bottle is beside the textbook.(水瓶在课本旁边)
near 在……附近 距离较远,只表示“不远处”,不强调“紧贴” There is a park near my home.(我家附近有一个公园→不用具体说明是否挨着)
The supermarket is near the school.(超市在学校附近)
3. 表“中间位置”(数量差异:两者vs三者及以上)
介词/短语 核心含义 关键区别 七年级高频例句
between 在……之间(两者) 必须后接“and”连接两个对象(between A and B),仅用于两者 The park is between the hospital and the supermarket.(公园在医院和超市之间→两者之间) The ball is between the two chairs.(球在两把椅子之间)
among 在……之间(三者及以上) 后接复数名词/集合名词,用于多个对象中间,不接and The girl is among the students.(女孩在学生们中间→学生数量≥3) There is a red apple among the green ones.(青苹果中间有一个红苹果→苹果数量≥3)
4. 表“上下/内外位置”(接触vs不接触/封闭vs开放)
介词/短语 核心含义 用法细节 例句
on 在……上面(表面接触) 物体与接触面直接贴合,无空隙,可用于平面或垂直表面(如墙) There is a cup on the table.(桌子上有一个杯子→杯底贴桌面)
The picture is on the wall.(画在墙上→画贴墙面)
above 在……上方(不接触+非垂直) 物体在另一物体上方,不接触,且不一定在正上方 The plane is above the city.(飞机在城市上方→不接触地面,位置不固定) There is a light above the desk.(桌子上方有一盏灯→不接触桌面,可能在斜上方)
over 在……正上方(不接触+垂直) 物体在另一物体正上方,不接触,强调“垂直对齐” There is a bridge over the river.(河上有一座桥→桥在河的正上方) The fan is over the bed.(风扇在床的正上方)
under 在……下面(垂直下方) 物体在另一物体正下方,不接触,与over相对 The cat is under the bed.(猫在床下面→正下方) There is a box under the desk.(桌子下面有一个盒子→正下方)
below 在……下方(不接触+非垂直) 物体在另一物体下方,不接触,且不一定在正下方,与above相对 The temperature is below zero.(气温在零度以下→非垂直位置) There is a boat below the bridge.(桥下方有一艘船→可能在斜下方)
in 在……里面(内部空间) 物体处于另一物体的封闭/半封闭空间内,强调“被包围” The book is in the bag.(书在书包里→书包是封闭的) There are many fish in the river.(河里有很多鱼→河是半封闭空间) There are 30 students in the classroom.(教室里有30名学生→学生在教室内部)
outside 在……外面 物体处于另一物体的外部空间,与in相对 They are playing outside the classroom.(他们在教室外面玩→教室外) There is a bench outside the park gate.(公园门外有一条长椅)
5. 表“对面位置”(隔距离相对)
介词/短语 核心含义 用法场景 七年级高频例句
across from 在……对面 隔一段距离(如道路、广场、河流)相对,强调“面对面” The school is across from the park.(学校在公园对面→隔一条路) The restaurant is across from my home.(餐馆在我家对面→隔街道相对)
三、高频易错点辨析
1. 混淆in front of vs in the front of
误:There is a teacher in the front of the school.(想表达“学校前面有一位老师”,老师在学校外部,却用了内部介词)
正:There is a teacher in front of the school.
误:The blackboard is in front of the classroom.(黑板在教室内部,却用了外部介词)
正:The blackboard is in the front of the classroom.
2. 混淆between vs among
误:The pen is among the book and the notebook.(两者之间用了among)
正:The pen is between the book and the notebook.
误:There is a girl between the students.(多名学生之间用了between)
正:There is a girl among the students.
3. 介词后接动词错误
方位介词后必须接名词/代词/动名词,不能直接接动词原形:
误:The cat is under the bed sleep.
正:The cat is under the bed sleeping.(接动名词)
误:I sit next to him talk.
正:I sit next to him and talk.(用and连接动词,或接动名词talking)
4. 误用on/in/under
误:The book is in the desk.(书在桌子表面,却用了in“内部”)
正:The book is on the desk.
误:There is a bird on the tree.(鸟在树的内部枝干上,用in;外来物体在树上用on)
正:There is a bird in the tree. / There is an apple on the tree.(苹果是树的一部分,用on)
5. 缺少介词宾语(介词不能单独使用)
误:The bike is next to.(next to后无宾语,不完整)
正:The bike is next to the door.
误:There is a park near.(near后无宾语)
正:There is a park near my home.
方位介词专项习题
一、. 用适当的方位介词填空
There is a blackboard ______ the front of the classroom.
The library is ______ the teaching building and the science building.
My home is ______ the park. I can walk there in 5 minutes.
The cat is hiding ______ the sofa. We can’t see it.
There are some flowers ______ the window. They are very beautiful.
The bank is ______ the bookstore. They are next to each other.
There is a bridge ______ the river. People can cross it to go to the other side.
The teacher stands ______ the students in class.
There is a clock ______ the wall of my bedroom.
The supermarket is ______ the street from my school. I need to cross the road to get there.
二、 选择填空
There is a tree ______ the house.(树在房子外面前面)
A. in front of B. in the front of C. behind
The driver sits ______ the car.(司机在车内部前面)
A. in front of B. in the front of C. beside
The pen is ______ the two books.(笔在两本书之间)
A. between B. among C. near
There is a girl ______ the crowd.(女孩在人群中,≥3人)
A. between B. among C. next to
The picture is ______ the wall.(画在墙上,表面接触)
A. in B. on C. above
三、按要求改写句子
The book is on the desk.(对划线部分“on the desk”提问)
_________________________________________________________________
There is a library behind the teaching building.(对划线部分“behind the teaching building”提问)
_________________________________________________________________
The school is in front of the park.(改为否定句)
_________________________________________________________________
The pen is between the book and the notebook.(改为一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________________________
There are some flowers near the window.(用next to改写句子,保持句意不变)
_________________________________________________________________
四、 翻译句子
讲桌在教室的前部。(用in the front of)
_________________________________________________________________
银行在超市和餐馆之间。(用between...and...)
_________________________________________________________________
我家附近有一个大公园。(用near)
_________________________________________________________________
墙上有一幅画和一张地图。(用on)
_________________________________________________________________
教室外面有一些学生在玩。(用outside)
_________________________________________________________________
五、改错
There is a teacher in the front of the school gate.(改正错误)
_________________________________________________________________
The pen is among the book and the ruler.(改正错误)
_________________________________________________________________
The bird is on the tree.(改正错误)
_________________________________________________________________
My bag is next to.(改正错误)
_________________________________________________________________
There is a bridge above the river.(根据句意“桥在河正上方”改正)
_________________________________________________________________
习题答案
一、 介词填空
in the 2. between 3. near 4. under 5. next to/beside 6. beside/next to 7. over 8. in front of 9. on 10. across from
二、 选择填空
A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
三、 改写句子
Where is the book
Where is the library
The school is not in front of the park.
Is the pen between the book and the notebook
There are some flowers next to the window.
四、 翻译句子
The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.
The bank is between the supermarket and the restaurant.
There is a big park near my home.
There is a picture and a map on the wall.
There are some students playing outside the classroom.
五、 改错
There is a teacher in front of the school gate.(去掉the,gate是外部)
The pen is between the book and the ruler.(among改为between,两者之间)
The bird is in the tree.(on改为in,鸟是外来物体)
My bag is next to the chair.(加宾语,如the chair)
There is a bridge over the river.(above改为over,强调正上方)

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