Unit 4 Role Models 词汇、短语和句型背记 北师大版(2024)八年级上册

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Unit 4 Role Models 词汇、短语和句型背记 北师大版(2024)八年级上册

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Unit 4 Role Models 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
role model /r l m dl/ 榜样;楷模 n. 搭配a good role model(好榜样)、learn from role models(向榜样学习),例:Qian Xuesen is a great national role model.(钱学森是伟大的国家榜样)
soldier / s ld (r)/ 士兵;军人 n. 搭配Red Army soldier(红军战士)、army soldier(军人),例:Lei Feng was a selfless soldier of the Peoples Liberation Army.(雷锋是无私的人民解放军战士)
selfless / selfl s/ 无私的 adj. 搭配selfless love(无私的爱)、selfless contribution(无私的奉献),例:Her selfless spirit inspires everyone around her.(她的无私精神激励着身边每一个人)
voluntary / v l ntri/ 志愿的;自愿的 adj. 搭配voluntary work(志愿工作)、voluntary service(志愿服务),例:She spends weekends doing voluntary work at the community.(她周末在社区做志愿工作)
admire / d ma (r)/ 钦佩;仰慕 v. 搭配admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人),例:We admire Marie Curie for her dedication to science.(我们钦佩居里夫人对科学的执着)
devote /d v t/ 致力于;奉献 v. 搭配devote oneself to(致力于)、devote time to(把时间用于),例:He devoted his life to helping poor people get healthcare.(他毕生致力于帮助穷人获得医疗服务)
courage / k r d / 勇气;胆量 n. 搭配have the courage to do(有勇气做某事)、show courage(展现勇气),例:The Red Army soldiers showed great courage in the Battle of Luding Bridge.(红军战士在泸定桥战役中展现了巨大的勇气)
contribution / k ntr bju n/ 贡献;捐献 n. 搭配make a contribution to(为……做贡献),例:Qian Xuesen made great contributions to Chinas space programme.(钱学森为中国航天事业做出了巨大贡献)
reflexive /r fleks v/ 反身的 adj. 搭配reflexive pronoun(反身代词),例:"Myself" and "ourselves" are reflexive pronouns.(“myself”和“ourselves”是反身代词)
used to /ju st tu / 过去常常;过去曾经 modal v. 搭配used to do sth.(过去常常做某事),例:He used to go hiking every weekend.(他过去常常每个周末去徒步)
stick to /st k tu / 坚持;固守 v. 短语 搭配stick to a plan(坚持计划)、stick to ones dream(坚持梦想),例:She sticks to her study plan and never gives up.(她坚持学习计划,从不放弃)
survive /s va v/ 幸存;活下来 v. 搭配survive a disaster(在灾难中幸存),例:Many people survived the flood with the help of rescuers.(在救援人员的帮助下,许多人在洪水中幸存)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
look up to 尊敬;敬仰 Young people look up to those who work hard for others.(年轻人敬仰那些为他人努力的人)
set an example 树立榜样 Lang Ping set a good example for young athletes.(郎平为年轻运动员树立了好榜样)
devote oneself to 致力于;全身心投入 Osei Boateng devoted himself to providing healthcare for faraway communities.(奥塞·博阿滕致力于为偏远社区提供医疗服务)
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 She used to volunteer at the hospital on weekends.(她过去常常周末在医院做志愿工作)
spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事 He spends a lot of time helping children with their studies.(他花很多时间帮助孩子们学习)
give up 放弃;认输 Never give up even when you face difficulties.(即使面临困难,也永不放弃)
make a difference 有影响;起作用 Everyone can make a difference to the world.(每个人都能为世界带来改变)
one by one 逐个地;逐一地 The Red Army soldiers stepped forward one by one to volunteer.(红军战士逐个站出来报名志愿)
risk ones life 冒着生命危险 He risked his life to save the child from the fire.(他冒着生命危险从火中救出了孩子)
take part in 参加;参与 She takes part in various voluntary activities every month.(她每个月参加各种志愿活动)
in one way or another 不管怎样;以某种方式 All role models change the world in one way or another.(所有榜样都以某种方式改变着世界)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
介绍榜样:My role model is + 人物 + who/that + 从句. 我的榜样是……的人。 My role model is Yuan Longping who devoted his life to hybrid rice.(我的榜样是毕生致力于杂交水稻的袁隆平) 用定语从句补充榜样的核心事迹,who/that指代人,从句用陈述句语序
描述榜样品质:Sb. is + 品质形容词 + because + 从句. 某人是……的,因为…… Marie Curie is brave because she risked her life for scientific research.(居里夫人很勇敢,因为她为科学研究冒着生命危险) 直接关联榜样的品质与具体事迹,从句解释原因
表达过去习惯:Sb. used to + 动词原形 + 其他. 某人过去常常…… Lei Feng used to help people in need whenever he could.(雷锋过去常常随时帮助有需要的人) 描述榜样过去的经常性行为,否定式为“didnt use to + 动词原形”
表达现在持续的行为:Sb. keeps + v-ing + 其他. 某人一直坚持做…… She keeps doing voluntary work to help the elderly.(她一直坚持做志愿工作帮助老人) 用“keep + v-ing”表持续的动作,体现榜样的坚持品质
强调自我行为:Sb. + 动词 + oneself + 其他. 某人亲自做…… He taught himself English when he was a child.(他小时候自学英语) 反身代词作宾语,强调主语亲自完成动作,主语与宾语为同一人
询问榜样相关:What makes sb. a role model 是什么让某人成为榜样? A: What makes Qian Xuesen a national hero B: His devotion to Chinas development.(A:是什么让钱学森成为民族英雄?B:他对中国发展的奉献) 用于探讨榜样的核心特质,回答用名词短语或从句
表达从榜样学到的:I learn from sb. that + 从句. 我从某人身上学到…… I learn from my teacher that hard work pays off.(我从老师身上学到努力就有回报) 从句表达学到的道理或品质,用陈述句语序
四、语法拓展:反身代词 + Verb + v-ing(1) + Used to 详解
1. 反身代词(单元核心考点)
核心要点 具体内容 单元例句
构成 单数:myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)复数:ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己) He hurt himself while playing football.(他踢足球时伤到了自己)We should believe in ourselves.(我们应该相信自己)
用法 1. 作宾语:主语与宾语为同一人;2. 作同位语:强调主语;3. 固定搭配 1. She taught herself to play the piano.(作宾语,她自学弹钢琴)2. I myself saw the accident.(作同位语,我亲眼看到了事故)3. enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself(自取)
常见搭配 help oneself to、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself、teach oneself、look after oneself They enjoyed themselves at the party.(他们在派对上玩得很开心)
2. Verb + v-ing(1)(单元核心考点)
核心要点 具体内容 单元例句
适用动词 1. 喜好类:like、love、enjoy、dislike、hate、prefer;2. 动作类:start、begin、finish、stop、continue;3. 其他类:avoid、mind、suggest、spend、risk 1. She enjoys helping people in need.(喜好类,她喜欢帮助有需要的人)2. He finished writing the report yesterday.(动作类,他昨天写完了报告)3. They risked losing their lives to save others.(其他类,他们冒着生命危险救人)
结构 动词 + v-ing(作宾语) He suggests visiting the science museum.(他建议去参观科学博物馆)
易混点 区分“动词 + to do”与“动词 + v-ing”:部分动词后只能接v-ing(如enjoy、avoid),部分只能接to do(如want、decide) 正确:She avoids making mistakes.(√)错误:She avoids to make mistakes.(×)
3. Used to(单元核心考点)
核心要点 具体内容 单元例句
定义 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态,现在已不如此 He used to be a teacher, but now he is a doctor.(他过去是老师,现在是医生)
构成 肯定式:主语 + used to + 动词原形否定式:主语 + didnt use to + 动词原形(= used not to + 动词原形)疑问式:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? 肯定:They used to go hiking every Sunday.(他们过去每个周日去徒步)否定:She didnt use to like coffee.(她过去不喜欢咖啡)疑问:Did you use to play basketball (你过去常打篮球吗?)
与一般过去时的区别 used to 强调“过去习惯”,现在已改变;一般过去时仅描述过去发生的动作,不涉及现在 He used to smoke.(过去常抽烟,现在不抽了)He smoked yesterday.(昨天抽了烟,不涉及现在习惯)

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