Unit 8 Pets and us 词汇、短语和句型背记 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

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Unit 8 Pets and us 词汇、短语和句型背记 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

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Unit 8 Pets and us 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
pet /pet/ 宠物 n. 搭配keep a pet(养宠物)、pet owner(宠物主人),例:Many families keep dogs or cats as pets.(很多家庭养狗或猫当宠物)
faithful / fe θfl/ 忠实的;忠诚的 adj. 搭配be faithful to(对……忠实),例:Dogs are famous for being faithful to their owners.(狗以对主人忠实而闻名)
responsible /r sp ns bl/ 负责任的 adj. 搭配be responsible for(对……负责),例:Keeping pets helps us become more responsible.(养宠物帮助我们变得更负责任)
complain /k m ple n/ 抱怨;投诉 v. 搭配complain about(抱怨……),例:The neighbour complained about the dog’s barking.(邻居抱怨狗叫)
litter / l t / 垃圾;乱扔垃圾 n./v. 搭配pet litter(宠物垃圾)、litter box(猫砂盆),例:Cats use litter boxes to relieve themselves.(猫用猫砂盆方便)
unlikely / n la kli/ 不大可能的 adj. 搭配be unlikely to(不大可能……),例:Cats are unlikely to make loud noises.(猫不大可能发出 loud 噪音)
magical / m d kl/ 有魔力的 adj. 搭配magical powers(魔力),例:Ancient Egyptians believed cats had magical powers.(古埃及人认为猫有魔力)
wealth /welθ/ 财富;钱财 n. 搭配a symbol of wealth(财富的象征),例:Pets were a symbol of wealth in the Middle Ages.(中世纪时,宠物是财富的象征)
relationship /r le n p/ 关系 n. 搭配the relationship between humans and pets(人与宠物的关系),例:The relationship between pets and their owners is often very close.(宠物和主人的关系通常很亲密)
proud /pra d/ 自豪的;骄傲的 adj. 搭配be proud of(为……自豪),例:Duncan was proud of his dog Rin Tin Tin.(邓肯为他的狗林丁丁感到自豪)
attack / t k/ 袭击;攻击 v./n. 搭配launch an attack(发起攻击)、under attack(遭受袭击),例:The dog never attacks strangers.(这只狗从不袭击陌生人)
advise / d va z/ 建议;劝告 v. 搭配advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事),例:The vet advised me to feed my cat healthy food.(兽医建议我给猫喂健康的食物)
choice /t s/ 选择 n. 搭配make a choice(做选择)、have no choice but to(别无选择只能……),例:It’s a difficult choice between a dog and a cat.(在狗和猫之间做选择很难)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
care for 照顾;照料 We need to care for pets carefully—feed them on time and clean their living places.(我们需要细心照顾宠物——按时喂食,清理它们的住所)
grow up 长大;成熟 The little dog grew up with the child and became his best friend.(小狗和孩子一起长大,成了他最好的朋友)
in short 总之;简言之 In short, pets can bring us joy but also need our responsibility.(总之,宠物能给我们带来快乐,但也需要我们负责)
have no choice but to 别无选择只能…… He had no choice but to ask his neighbour to look after his cat when he travelled.(他旅行时别无选择,只能请邻居照顾他的猫)
run free 四处自由走动 Dogs need space to run free, so they are not suitable for small flats.(狗需要空间自由活动,所以不适合养在小公寓里)
lie around 懒散度日;无所事事 Cats usually lie around at home, but they are still fun to play with.(猫通常在家懒散度日,但和它们玩还是很有趣)
complain about 抱怨…… My aunt complained about her cat’s shedding hair.(我姑姑抱怨她的猫掉毛)
in addition 除……之外(还) Cats are clean and quiet; in addition, they are easy to look after.(猫干净又安静,而且还容易照顾)
catch the eye of 引起……的注意 The clever dog caught the eye of a film-maker and became a movie star.(这只聪明的狗引起了一位电影制片人的注意,成了电影明星)
a symbol of ……的象征 In some cultures, white cats are a symbol of good luck.(在一些文化中,白猫是好运的象征)
relieve oneself 方便;解手 Puppies need to be trained to relieve themselves outside.(小狗需要被训练到户外方便)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
谈论养宠原因:People keep pets because + 从句. 人们养宠物是因为……。 People keep pets because they can bring companionship and joy.(人们养宠物是因为它们能带来陪伴和快乐) 单元核心句型,适配口语辩论和写作观点表达
推荐理想宠物:In my opinion, ... is the perfect pet because ... 在我看来,……是理想的宠物,因为……。 In my opinion, hamsters are the perfect pets because they don’t need much space.(在我看来,仓鼠是理想的宠物,因为它们不需要太多空间) 贴合写作任务,突出宠物优势
描述宠物特征:... is + 形容词(描述性格/外形)+ and + 副词(描述行为). ……(宠物)既……(性格/外形),又……(行为)。 My cat is gentle and moves quietly.(我的猫很温顺,动作也很轻柔) 结合形容词和副词,丰富描述
说明养宠利弊:Keeping pets is + 形容词(优势), but it can also + 动词原形(劣势). 养宠物很……(优势),但也可能……(劣势)。 Keeping pets is rewarding, but it can also take a lot of time.(养宠物很有意义,但也可能花费很多时间) 适配辩论场景,辩证表达观点
讲述宠物历史:Pets have been with humans for + 时间段 + and used to + 动词原形(过去用途). 宠物已经和人类共处……(时间),过去常被用来……。 Dogs have been with humans for thousands of years and used to help hunt.(狗已经和人类共处数千年,过去常被用来打猎) 贴合文化聚焦部分的宠物历史主题
表达宠物的影响:Pets can make us + 形容词 + by + 动名词(行为). 宠物能通过……(行为)让我们变得……。 Pets can make us happier by playing with us when we are lonely.(当我们孤独时,宠物能通过和我们玩耍让我们更快乐) 强化对人与宠物关系的表达
四、语法拓展:副词 + 副词比较级和最高级(单元核心考点)
1. 副词的构成与核心用法
构成规则 示例(形容词→副词) 单元例句
一般形容词加-ly quick→quickly、gentle→gently Cats move gently and quietly.(猫动作轻柔又安静)
以“辅音+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i加-ly easy→easily、happy→happily Hamsters can be looked after easily.(仓鼠很容易照顾)
以“e”结尾的形容词加-y simple→simply、comfortable→comfortably The dog sleeps comfortably on the mat.(狗在垫子上睡得很舒服)
特殊变化(无规则) good→well、fast→fast、hard→hard、late→late - My dog runs fast.(我的狗跑得快)- She looks after her pet well.(她把宠物照顾得很好)
易混副词(形式相似,含义不同) hard(努力地)→hardly(几乎不)、late(晚)→lately(最近) - He works hard to care for his cat.(他努力照顾他的猫)- I hardly see that stray dog lately.(我最近几乎没见到那只流浪狗)
2. 副词比较级和最高级(规则+不规则)
变化类型 规则 示例 单元例句
单音节副词 加-er(比较级)、-est(最高级) fast→faster→fastest、hard→harder→hardest - Dogs run faster than cats.(狗比猫跑得快)- This dog runs the fastest in the park.(这只狗在公园里跑得最快)
以-ly结尾的多音节副词 加more(比较级)、most(最高级) quietly→more quietly→most quietly、easily→more easily→most easily - Cats walk more quietly than dogs.(猫比狗走得更安静)- Hamsters can be trained the most easily.(仓鼠最容易被训练)
不规则变化 特殊记忆 well→better→best、badly→worse→worst、far→farther/further→farthest/furthest - She cares for her pet better than her brother.(她比哥哥照顾宠物更细心)- This vet treats animals the best in our city.(这位兽医在我们城市里治疗动物最厉害)

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