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Unit2 Morals and Virtues 知识清单
一、核心词汇
moral 道德的；道德准则 virtue 美德 ethics 伦理，道德规范
principle 原则 value 价值观 integrity 正直，诚信
conscience 良心 responsibility 责任 duty 义务，责任
honesty 诚实 justice 正义 fairness 公平
honest 诚实的 kind 善良的 compassionate 有同情心的
generous 慷慨的 brave/courageous 勇敢的 patient 耐心的
humble 谦虚的 selfless 无私的 responsible 负责任的
reliable 可靠的 trustworthy 值得信赖的 respectful 尊重的
dilemma 困境，两难选择 choice 选择 decision 决定
judgment 判断 sacrifice 牺牲 compromise 妥协
conflict 冲突 temptation 诱惑 tempt 诱惑
resist 抵抗 choose 选择 decide 决定
action 行为 behavior 行为举止 conduct 行为，操行
deed 行为，事迹 consequence 后果 result 结果
outcome 结果 effect 影响 impact 影响
right 正确的；权利 wrong 错误的 good 好的
evil 邪恶的 noble 高尚的 admirable 令人钦佩的
praiseworthy 值得赞扬的 shameful 可耻的 immoral 不道德的
unethical 不道德的 mercy 仁慈 respect 尊重
trust 信任 loyalty 忠诚 friendship 友谊
love 爱 care 关心 help 帮助
forgiveness 宽恕
二、词性变换
moral adj./n. → morality n. → morally adv.
virtuous adj. → virtue n.
ethical adj. → ethics n. → ethically adv.
honest adj. → honesty n. → honestly adv.
responsible adj. → responsibility n.
brave adj. → bravery n.
generous adj. → generosity n.
patient adj. → patience n.
humble adj. → humility n.
selfless adj. → selflessness n.
choose v. → choice n.
decide v. → decision n.
judge v. → judgment n.
tempt v. → temptation n.
resist v. → resistance n.
sacrifice v./n. → sacrificial adj.
compromise v./n. → compromising adj.
respect v./n. → respectful adj. → respectable adj.
value n./v. → valuable adj. → invaluable adj.
trust n./v. → trustworthy adj. → trustful adj.
care n./v. → careful adj. → careless adj.
help n./v. → helpful adj. → helpless adj.
forgive v. → forgiveness n. → forgiving adj.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
make a moral choice 做出道德选择 face a dilemma 面临困境
make a decision 做决定 stand up for 支持，捍卫
stick to principles 坚持原则 follow one’s conscience 凭良心做事
do the right thing 做正确的事 make a sacrifice 做出牺牲
compromise on 在...上妥协 act with integrity 行事正直
show courage 展现勇气 demonstrate kindness 表现出善意
have compassion for 对...有同情心 take responsibility for 对...负责
be true to oneself 忠于自己 keep one’s word 信守承诺
earn trust 赢得信任 gain respect 获得尊重
in my opinion/view 在我看来 from my perspective 从我的角度来看
it is right/wrong to ...是正确的/错误的 it is admirable that ...是令人钦佩的
be worthy of praise 值得赞扬 set a good example 树立好榜样
serve as a role model 作为榜样 lead to 导致
result in 导致...结果 have an impact on 对...有影响
make a difference 产生影响 bring about change 带来改变
pay the price for 为...付出代价 face the consequences 面对后果
treat others with respect 尊重他人 build trust 建立信任
show loyalty to 对...表现出忠诚 offer help 提供帮助
ask for forgiveness 请求宽恕 forgive and forget 既往不咎
四、重点句型
1. 表达道德观点
It is morally right/wrong to... 在道德上...是正确的/错误的。
From an ethical standpoint,... 从伦理角度来看，...
I believe that honesty is the best policy. 我相信诚实是最好的策略。
One should always... 一个人应该总是...
2. 描述道德困境
When faced with..., one must choose between...and...
当面对...时，人们必须在...和...之间做出选择。
The dilemma is whether to...or to... 困境在于选择...还是...
It’s a difficult choice because... 这是一个艰难的选择，因为...
On the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面...，另一方面...
3. 表达决定与行动
After careful consideration, I decided to... 经过深思熟虑，我决定...
I made up my mind to... 我下定决心要...
Despite the difficulties, I chose to... 尽管有困难，我选择了...
I stood by my principles and... 我坚持原则并...
4. 讨论结果与影响
As a result of this decision,... 由于这个决定，...
This action had a profound impact on... 这个行动对...产生了深远的影响。
Looking back, I realize that... 回首往事，我意识到...
The consequence was that... 结果是...
5. 提出建议与忠告
It would be advisable to... 建议...
I would recommend that... 我建议...
One should always consider... 人们应该总是考虑...
The best course of action is to... 最好的行动方案是...
6. 表达后悔或满意
I regret not... 我后悔没有...
If I could do it again, I would... 如果我能重来，我会...
I’m glad I made that choice. 我很高兴做出了那个选择。
It was the right thing to do. 这样做是正确的。
五、语法聚焦
1. 情态动词表达义务与建议
must/have to 必须：We must always tell the truth.
should/ought to 应该：You should apologize for your mistake.
had better 最好：You’d better think carefully before deciding.
2. 虚拟语气
表达与现在事实相反：If I were you, I would choose differently.
表达与过去事实相反：If he had known the truth, he would have acted differently.
表达建议、要求等：It is important that everyone (should) be treated fairly.
3. 非谓语动词作状语
现在分词表主动：Seeing the child in danger, he rushed to help.
过去分词表被动：Inspired by her kindness, I decided to volunteer.
不定式表目的：To do the right thing, sometimes we need courage.
4. 强调句型
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...
It was his honesty that impressed me most.
It is in difficult situations that true character is revealed.
六、写作应用
议论文：美德的重要性
引言段：背景介绍 + 话题引入 + 个人立场
示例：In today’s fast-paced world, material success is often highly valued, but the importance of moral virtues should never be underestimated.
主体段1：个人成长
美德塑造品格：Virtues like honesty and integrity build strong character.
促进心理健康：Living by moral principles brings inner peace and satisfaction.
提高决策能力：A clear moral compass helps in making difficult choices.
主体段2：人际关系
建立信任：Virtues like honesty and reliability build trust in relationships.
促进和谐：Kindness and respect create harmonious social interactions.
增强社会凝聚力：Shared values unite communities.
主体段3：社会影响
创造正能量：Virtuous actions inspire others and create positive change.
维护社会秩序：Moral principles form the foundation of a just society.
传承文化遗产：Virtues preserve the ethical heritage of a culture.
结尾段：总结观点 + 强调重要性 + 呼吁行动
示例：In conclusion, while skills and knowledge are important for success, it is our virtues that define who we truly are. Cultivating moral character should be a lifelong pursuit for every individual.
相关名言警句
“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.” Thomas Jefferson
“The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” Mahatma Gandhi
“Character is doing the right thing when nobody’s looking.” J.C. Watts

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