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Unit3 Sports and Fitness 知识清单
一、核心词汇（按主题分类）
1. 运动项目类
athletics/track and field 田径运动 gymnastics 体操 wrestling 摔跤
boxing 拳击 weightlifting 举重 martial arts 武术
badminton 羽毛球 table tennis 乒乓球 volleyball 排球
baseball 棒球 skiing 滑雪 skating 滑冰
cycling 骑行 swimming 游泳 diving 跳水
sailing 帆船运动
2. 赛事与竞技类
athlete 运动员 competitor 参赛者 champion 冠军
championship 锦标赛 tournament 联赛，锦标赛 competition 比赛
contest 竞赛 event 比赛项目 final 决赛
semifinal 半决赛 qualify 获得资格 qualification 资格
medal 奖牌 gold/silver/bronze medal 金/银/铜牌 trophy 奖杯
record 记录 score 得分 victory 胜利
defeat 失败
3. 动作与技能类
compete 竞争 win (won, won) 赢 lose (lost, lost) 输
beat (beat, beaten) 打败（对手） defeat 击败 score a goal/point 得分
train 训练 practice 练习 exercise 锻炼
stretch 拉伸 warm up 热身 cool down 放松
injure 受伤 recover 恢复
4. 健身与健康类
fitness 健康，健壮 physical 身体的 mental 心理的
strength 力量 stamina 耐力 flexibility 柔韧性
balance 平衡 posture 姿势 diet 饮食
nutrition 营养 protein 蛋白质 calorie 卡路里
obesity 肥胖 stress 压力 energy 能量
5. 品质与精神类
determined 坚定的 confident 自信的 persistent 坚持的
brave 勇敢的 fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的
competitive 有竞争力的 professional 专业的 amateur 业余的
teamwork 团队合作 sportsmanship 体育精神 honour 荣誉
glory 荣耀
二、词性变换
1. compete v. → competition n. → competitive adj. → competitor n.
2. athlete n. → athletic adj.
3. profession n. → professional adj./n.
4. victory n. → victorious adj.
5. energy n. → energetic adj.
6. determine v. → determination n. → determined adj.
7. confident adj. → confidence n.
8. injure v. → injury n. → injured adj.
9. strong adj. → strength n. → strengthen v.
10. fair adj. → unfair adj. → fairness n.
11. practice n./v. → practical adj.
12. train v. → training n. → trainer n.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
1. 比赛相关
take part in/participate in 参加
compete in/against/with 参加比赛/与...竞争
win a gold medal 赢得金牌
break/set a record 打破/创造记录
keep/fit in shape 保持体型
go for gold 争夺金牌
play against 与...比赛
keep score 记分
2. 训练相关
train hard 刻苦训练
work out 锻炼
build up strength 增强力量
improve skills 提高技能
warm up 热身
cool down 放松运动
stick to a training plan 坚持训练计划
3. 健康生活
lead/live a healthy lifestyle 过健康生活
balanced diet 均衡饮食
plenty of exercise 充足锻炼
get enough sleep 充足睡眠
stay/keep fit 保持健康
lose weight 减肥
put on/gain weight 增重
in good/poor shape 身体好/不好
4. 精神品质
never give up 永不放弃
push oneself to the limit 挑战极限
overcome difficulties 克服困难
learn from failure 从失败中学习
believe in oneself 相信自己
play fair 公平竞争
四、重点句型
1. 表达喜欢与偏好
I’m fond of/crazy about basketball.
I prefer team sports to individual sports.
My favourite sport is...because...
2. 表达能力与成就
She is good at/excels in gymnastics.
He has a talent for swimming.
They managed to win the championship.
3. 表达建议与必要性
It’s important/necessary to warm up before exercise.
You should/ought to drink plenty of water.
It is suggested/recommended that you exercise regularly.
4. 表达比较
Team sports are more exciting than individual sports.
Swimming is as beneficial as running.
This year’s competition was the most challenging I’ve ever experienced.
5. 强调句型
It is/was...that/who...
It was their teamwork that helped them win.
It is regular exercise that keeps you healthy.
6. not only...but also... 句型
Exercise not only improves physical health but also reduces stress.
五、语法聚焦
1. 情态动词表建议与义务
should/ought to (应该)
must (必须)
have to (不得不)
need to (需要)
2. 比较级与最高级
规则变化与不规则变化
as...as...同级比较
比较级+than
3. 动词ing形式作主语和宾语
Swimming is good for health. (作主语)
I enjoy playing basketball. (作宾语)
六、话题写作常用表达
开头句：
Nowadays, more and more people are realizing the importance of...
When it comes to sports and fitness, people have different opinions about...
There is no doubt that regular exercise plays a vital role in...
衔接词：
Firstly, Secondly, Finally...
Moreover/Furthermore/In addition...
However/On the other hand...
Therefore/As a result...
结尾句：
In conclusion, I believe that...
To sum up, it’s clear that...
All in all, we should...

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