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Unit5 Languages Around the World 知识清单
核心词汇
language 语言 linguistics 语言学 mother tongue/native language 母语
foreign language 外语 second language 第二语言 official language 官方语言
dialect 方言 accent 口音 pronunciation 发音
grammar 语法 vocabulary 词汇 sentence structure 句子结构
character (汉字)字符 alphabet 字母表 script 文字系统
bilingual 双语的 multilingual 多语的 fluent 流利的
proficient 熟练的 communicate 交流 converse 交谈
master 掌握 acquire 习得 pick up (自然)学会
practice 练习 improve 提高 pronounce 发音
translate 翻译 interpret 口译 memorize 记忆
review 复习 culture 文化 cultural exchange 文化交流
global 全球的 international 国际的 diverse 多样的
diversity 多样性 identity 身份 heritage 遗产
tradition 传统 custom 习俗 misunderstanding 误解
stereotype 刻板印象 perspective 视角 worldview 世界观
evolve 演变 develop 发展 change 变化
disappear 消失 endangered 濒危的 extinct 灭绝的
ancient 古代的 modern 现代的 simplify 简化
standardize 标准化 variety 变体 influence 影响
borrow (词汇)借用 loanword 外来词 Mandarin 普通话
Cantonese 粤语 English 英语 Spanish 西班牙语
French 法语 German 德语 Arabic 阿拉伯语
Russian 俄语 Japanese 日语 Korean 韩语
二、词性变换
1. communicate v. → communication n. → communicative adj.
2. pronounce v. → pronunciation n.
3. translate v. → translation n. → translator n.
4. interpret v. → interpretation n. → interpreter n.
5. educate v. → education n. → educational adj.
6. practice v./n. → practical adj. → practically adv.
7. differ v. → difference n. → different adj.
8. vary v. → variety n. → various adj.
9. develop v. → development n. → developing/developed adj.
10. understand v. → understanding n. → understandable adj.
11. fluent adj. → fluency n.
12. proficient adj. → proficiency n.
13. accurate adj. → accuracy n.
14. confident adj. → confidence n.
15. important adj. → importance n.
16. necessary adj. → necessity n.
17. global adj. → globalization n.
18. cultural adj. → culture n.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
make progress 取得进步 make mistakes 犯错误
learn from errors 从错误中学习 build up vocabulary 积累词汇
improve one’s accent 改善口音 overcome difficulties 克服困难
keep practicing 坚持练习 stay motivated 保持动力
set goals 设定目标 take a course 参加课程
break the language barrier 打破语言障碍 get the message across 传达信息
make oneself understood 让别人理解自己 have a conversation 进行对话
express ideas 表达想法 share thoughts 分享想法
ask for clarification 要求澄清 avoid misunderstandings 避免误解
in other words 换句话说 to put it simply 简而言之
broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界 gain insight into 深入了解
respect cultural differences 尊重文化差异 appreciate diversity 欣赏多样性
break down stereotypes 打破刻板印象 promote understanding 促进理解
connect with people 与人建立联系 bridge the gap 弥合差距
play a role in 在...中起作用 contribute to 有助于
lead to 导致 result in 造成...结果
vary from...to... 从...到...变化 depend on 取决于
be similar to 与...相似 differ from 与...不同
as often as possible 尽可能经常 to some extent 在某种程度上
more or less 或多或少 on a daily basis 每天
from time to time 时不时地 once in a while 偶尔
四、重点句型
1. 表达能力与水平
I am fluent in... 我...说得很流利。
She has a good command of... 她精通...
He is proficient at/in... 他熟练掌握...
My English needs improving. 我的英语需要提高。
2. 谈论学习经验
I find it difficult/easy to... 我发现...很难/容易。
What helps me most is... 对我帮助最大的是...
The best way to learn is by... 最好的学习方法是通过...
I struggle with... 我在...方面有困难。
3. 表达重要性
It is essential/vital to... ...是至关重要的。
There’s no denying that... 不可否认...
What matters most is... 最重要的是...
Not only does language allow us to..., but it also... 语言不仅让我们...，而且还...
4. 进行比较
Compared with/to..., ... 与...相比，...
...is similar to...in that... ...与...相似之处在于...
The main difference lies in... 主要区别在于...
While..., ... 虽然...，但是...
5. 提出建议
It would be beneficial to... ...将会是有益的。
I would recommend... 我建议...
One effective approach is to... 一个有效的方法是...
If I were you, I would... 如果我是你，我会...
五、语法聚焦
1. 定语从句
关系副词where, when, why的用法
介词+关系代词结构
非限制性定语从句的灵活运用
例句：The reason why I study English is that it opens up many opportunities.
2. 名词性从句
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
that, whether, what, who, which等的使用
例句：What surprises me is how quickly children pick up languages.
3. 强调句型
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...
强调主语、宾语、状语等不同成分
例句：It was through travel that I truly appreciated language learning.
4. 倒装句
否定词开头的倒装（Never, Seldom, Not only...）
So/Neither/Nor开头的倒装
例句：Not only does she speak French, but she also writes it beautifully.
六、话题写作框架
议论文结构（以"语言学习重要性"为例）：
1. 引言：背景介绍+明确论点
开篇句：In today’s globalized world, the ability to speak multiple languages has become increasingly important.
论点句：I firmly believe that learning foreign languages is essential for personal and professional development.
2. 主体段落：分论点+论据+例证
段落1：职业优势 (career advantages)
段落2：文化理解 (cultural understanding)
段落3：认知益处 (cognitive benefits)
3. 反驳段：承认对立观点+进行反驳
Some argue that... However, this view overlooks...
While it is true that..., it doesn't mean that...
4. 结论：总结观点+提出建议
总结句：In conclusion, the benefits of learning foreign languages far outweigh the challenges.
建议句：Therefore, I encourage everyone to embrace language learning as a lifelong journey.
实用表达模板：
开头引入：When it comes to..., people often...
列举观点：Firstly,... Secondly,... Most importantly,...
举例说明：For instance,... Take...as an example.
对比转折：On the one hand,... On the other hand,...
得出结论：All things considered,... From my perspective,...
七、跨文化交际实用表达
1. 初次见面
How do you do
Nice to meet you.
Where are you from originally
2. 避免误解
Could you please repeat that
I’m not sure I understand. Could you explain it in another way
What do you mean by...
3. 文化敏感话题
I’m curious about... Is it appropriate to ask
In my culture, we usually... How about in your country
I hope I’m not being rude, but...
4. 结束交流
It was great talking with you.
I’ve learned a lot from our conversation.
Let’s keep in touch!

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