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Unit4 Body Language 知识清单（高考对标）
一、核心词汇（高考高频）
gesture 手势，姿势 posture 姿势，姿态 facial expression 面部表情
eye contact 眼神交流 nod 点头 shake one's head 摇头
shrug 耸肩 wave 挥手 fold one’s arms 交叉双臂
make a fist 握拳 stance 站姿 gaze 凝视，注视
glance 瞥一眼 frown 皱眉 smile 微笑
grin 咧嘴笑 sigh 叹气 nonverbal communication 非语言交际
verbal communication 语言交际 communicate 交流 convey 传达，表达
express 表达 indicate 表明，指示 signal 信号；发出信号
cue 提示，暗示 interpret 诠释，理解 misinterpret 误解
understand 理解 clarify 澄清 emphasize 强调
confidence 自信 nervousness 紧张 anger 愤怒
disapproval 不赞成 approval 赞成 enthusiasm 热情
boredom 无聊 confusion 困惑 defensiveness 防御性
openness 开放，坦诚 attitude 态度 intention 意图
cultural difference 文化差异 universal 普遍的 context 上下文，情境
situation 情况 appropriate 恰当的 inappropriate 不恰当的
offensive 冒犯的 polite 礼貌的 rude 粗鲁的
custom 习俗 norm 规范 subconscious 潜意识的
conscious 有意识的
二、词性变换（高考必备）
communicate v. → communication n. → communicative adj.
express v. → expression n. → expressive adj.
interpret v. → interpretation n. → interpreter n. (口译员)
indicate v. → indication n.
approve v. → approval n. → disapprove v. → disapproval n.
confuse v. → confusion n. → confusing/confused adj.
offend v. → offense n. → offensive adj.
confident adj. → confidence n.
nervous adj. → nervousness n.
angry adj. → anger n.
enthusiastic adj. → enthusiasm n.
bored adj. → boredom n.
different adj. → difference n.
universal adj. → universality n.
culture n. → cultural adj.
society n. → social adj. → socialize v.
context n. → contextual adj.
intend v. → intention n. → intentional adj.
vary v. → variety n. → various adj.
mean v. → meaning n. → meaningful adj.
三、重点短语与固定搭配（高考必背）
make eye contact (with) (与...) 进行眼神交流
avoid eye contact 避免眼神接触
nod in agreement/approval 点头表示同意/赞成
shake one’s head in disbelief/disapproval 摇头表示不相信/不赞成
fold one’s arms across one’s chest 双臂交叉抱在胸前 (常表防御、不悦)
shrug one’s shoulders 耸肩 (常表不知道、不在乎)
wave goodbye 挥手告别
let out a sigh 叹一口气
raise an eyebrow 扬起眉毛 (表惊讶、怀疑)
break into a smile/grin 突然笑起来/咧嘴笑
convey a message 传达信息
express one’s feelings/emotions 表达情感
pick up on cues 察觉到提示/暗示
read between the lines 领会言外之意
give away 泄露 (秘密、真实感受)
tell a lie 说谎 (通过肢体语言)
put on a brave face 强装勇敢/镇定
be aware of 意识到...
pay attention to 注意...
vary from culture to culture 因文化而异
differ from...to... 从...到...不同
lead to misunderstanding 导致误解
cause embarrassment/offense 造成尴尬/冒犯
be considered (as) 被认为是...
be perceived as 被看作是...
in one’s culture 在某人的文化中
across cultures 跨文化地
have different meanings/connotations 有不同的含义/内涵
be mindful of 留意，注意
observe carefully 仔细观察
take...into consideration 将...纳入考虑
when in doubt 有疑问时
adapt to 适应
respect local customs 尊重当地习俗
learn about 了解
四、重点句型（写作提分关键）
1. 描述观察到的现象（读后续写、概要写作）
Upon entering the room, I noticed that he was avoiding eye contact, which immediately signaled his nervousness. 一进房间，我就注意到他避免眼神交流，这立刻表明了他的紧张。
Her crossed arms and furrowed brow clearly indicated her disapproval of the plan. 她交叉的双臂和紧皱的眉头清楚地表明她不赞成这个计划。
A simple nod from the manager was all it took to convey his approval. 经理只需简单点一下头，就足以传达他的认可。
2. 分析肢体语言的含义（阅读推断题、写作分析段）
In many Western cultures, maintaining eye contact is interpreted as a sign of confidence and honesty. 在许多西方文化中，保持眼神交流被解读为自信和诚实的标志。
What might be considered a polite gesture in one country could be seen as rude in another. 在一个国家被认为是礼貌的举动，在另一个国家可能被视为粗鲁。
The meaning of a gesture is often determined by the specific context in which it is used. 一个手势的含义通常取决于它所处的具体情境。
3. 强调肢体语言的重要性（议论文论点）
It is estimated that over 70% of communication is nonverbal, highlighting the crucial role body language plays. 据估计，超过70%的交流是非语言的，这凸显了肢体语言所起的关键作用。
Being able to accurately interpret body language can greatly enhance our interpersonal skills and avoid potential conflicts. 能够准确解读肢体语言可以极大地增强我们的人际交往能力，并避免潜在的冲突。
Effective communication relies not only on what we say, but also on how we say it with our bodies. 有效的沟通不仅依赖于我们说什么，还依赖于我们如何用身体去表达。
4. 给出建议（应用文、建议信模板）
When communicating with people from different cultural backgrounds, it is advisable to observe their body language closely. 与来自不同文化背景的人交流时，最好仔细观察他们的肢体语言。
If you are unsure about the meaning of a particular gesture, it might be helpful to ask for clarification politely. 如果你不确定某个特定手势的含义，礼貌地请求澄清可能会有所帮助。
To become a more effective communicator, one should pay equal attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues. 要成为一个更有效的沟通者，应该同等重视语言和非语言的暗示。
五、语法聚焦（高考核心考点）
1. 非谓语动词作状语（描述伴随动作，写作亮点）
现在分词表主动、同时发生： Nodding in agreement, the client signed the contract. 客户边点头同意，边签了合同。
过去分词表被动、状态： Seen from a cultural perspective, the gesture has a completely different meaning. 从文化视角看，这个手势有着完全不同的含义。
不定式表目的： She leaned forward to show her interest in the conversation. 她身体前倾以显示她对谈话感兴趣。
2. 定语从句（精确描述，丰富细节）
非限制性定语从句补充说明：Body language, which is often subconscious, can reveal our true feelings. 肢体语言常常是潜意识的，它能揭示我们的真实感受。
介词+关系代词：The context in which a gesture is used greatly affects its interpretation. 使用手势的情境极大地影响了对其的解读。
关系副词where：There are situations where words fail but body language succeeds. 存在一些言语失效但肢体语言却奏效的情况。
3. 名词性从句（表达观点和分析）
主语从句：What his posture conveyed was a clear lack of interest. 他的姿势所传达的是一种明显的缺乏兴趣。
表语从句：The key to cross-cultural communication is that we remain open-minded and observant. 跨文化沟通的关键在于我们保持开放的心态和敏锐的观察力。
同位语从句：The fact that the same gesture can mean opposite things in different cultures fascinates me. 同一个手势在不同文化中可能意味着相反的东西，这一事实让我着迷。
4. 强调句与倒装句（加强语气，提升句式层次）
强调句：It is through nonverbal cues that we often form our first impressions of others. 我们通常正是通过非语言暗示来形成对他人的第一印象。
倒装句（否定词开头）：Not only do we communicate with words, but we also express ourselves with our entire bodies. 我们不仅用语言交流，还用整个身体表达自己。
倒装句（So...that...）：So powerful is body language that it can sometimes override the spoken word. 肢体语言是如此强大，以至于它有时能超越口头语言。
六、写作应用（高考实战）
议论文框架：肢体语言在跨文化交流中的重要性
开头段（现象/数据引入+论点）：
In our increasingly globalized world, cross-cultural interactions have become commonplace. While we often focus on learning foreign languages, many overlook the subtle yet powerful language of the body. I firmly believe that understanding nonverbal communication is equally, if not more, important for successful intercultural communication.
主体段1（肢体语言的普遍性与重要性）：
To begin with, body language constitutes a significant portion of human communication. Research suggests that a large percentage of the messages we convey are nonverbal. Gestures, facial expressions, and posture often reveal our true emotions and intentions more authentically than words, which can be carefully chosen or even deceptive.
主体段2（文化差异带来的挑战）：
However, the interpretation of body language is not universal; it is deeply rooted in culture. For instance, the “OK” hand gesture is positive in America but offensive in Brazil. Direct eye contact shows respect in some cultures but defiance in others. Such differences, if ignored, can lead to serious misunderstandings.
主体段3（如何应对与建议）：
Therefore, to navigate these complexities, we must cultivate cultural sensitivity. This involves actively observing and learning about the nonverbal norms of other cultures before engaging in communication. When in doubt, it is wise to err on the side of caution and rely more on verbal clarification. Educational institutions should also incorporate lessons on intercultural nonverbal communication.
结尾段（总结+展望）：
In conclusion, body language serves as a critical bridge—or sometimes a barrier—in cross-cultural exchanges. By making a conscious effort to understand and appropriately use nonverbal cues across cultures, we can foster greater mutual understanding and build more harmonious global connections.
应用文（建议信/演讲稿）核心句式：
开头：I am writing to share some insights on how to better understand and use body language in cross-cultural settings. / Today, I’d like to talk about the unspoken power of body language.
建议/要点：First and foremost, it is crucial to... / Another key point is to... / Most importantly, remember that...
结尾：I hope these suggestions will help you communicate more effectively on the global stage. / Let’s all strive to be not just good speakers, but also keen observers and respectful communicators.

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