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Unit5 Working the Land 知识清单（高考对标）
一、核心词汇（高考高频）
agriculture 农业 farming 耕作，务农 cultivate 耕种，培养
cultivation 耕种 plough/plow 犁地 sow 播种
plant 种植 grow 生长；种植 harvest 收割；收获
irrigate 灌溉 irrigation 灌溉 fertilize 施肥
fertilizer 肥料 pesticide 农药 soil 土壤
land 土地 field 田地 crop 庄稼，作物
yield 产量 farmer 农民 peasant 农民（尤指发展中国家的小农）
agricultural worker 农业工人 scientist 科学家 agronomist 农学家
researcher 研究员 labor/labour 劳动力；劳动 generation 一代人
traditional 传统的 modern 现代的 mechanized 机械化的
machinery 机器（总称） tractor 拖拉机 technology 技术
innovation 创新 scientific 科学的 hybrid 杂交的；混合物
genetically modified (GM) 转基因的 efficient 高效的 productivity 生产力
sustainable 可持续的 organic 有机的 hunger 饥饿
starvation 饥饿，饿死 famine 饥荒 malnutrition 营养不良
poverty 贫困 drought 干旱 flood 洪水
natural disaster 自然灾害 climate change 气候变化 environmental 环境的
pollution 污染 degradation 退化 land loss 土地流失
food security 粮食安全 shortage 短缺 crisis 危机
Self-sufficiency 自给自足 sufficient 足够的 abundant 丰富的
prosperity 繁荣 livelihood 生计 contribution 贡献
feed 喂养，养活 solve 解决 ensure 确保
develop 发展 improve 改善 increase 增加
reduce 减少
二、词性变换（高考必备）
cultivate v. → cultivation n. → cultivator n.
irrigate v. → irrigation n.
fertilize v. → fertilizer n.
produce v. → production n. → product n. → productivity n. (写作高分词)
harvest v./n.
innovate v. → innovation n. → innovative adj.
mechanize v. → mechanization n. → mechanized adj.
solve v. → solution n.
develop v. → development n. → developing/developed adj.
improve v. → improvement n.
hungry adj. → hunger n.
poor adj. → poverty n.
sufficient adj. → sufficiency n.
efficient adj. → efficiency n.
productive adj. → productivity n.
environmental adj. → environment n.
traditional adj. → tradition n.
modern adj. → modernization n.
science n. → scientific adj. → scientist n.
technology n. → technological adj. → technique n.
nature n. → natural adj. → naturally adv.
industry n. → industrial adj. → industrialization n. (工业化)
economy n. → economic adj. → economical adj. (节省的)
vary v. → various adj. → variety n. (多样；品种)
三、重点短语与固定搭配（高考必背）
1. 描述农业活动与状态（阅读、完形高频）
work the land 耕种土地
make a living by farming 以务农为生
depend on the land 依赖土地
be engaged in agriculture 从事农业
bring in the harvest 收获庄稼
sow the seeds 播种
meet the needs of 满足...的需求
struggle with 与...作斗争
be faced with 面临
2. 表达变化与发展（写作必备）
undergo changes 经历变化
see a rise/increase in 在...方面看到增长
witness a decrease/decline in 目睹...的减少/下降
lead to 导致
result in 造成...的结果
contribute to 有助于，促成
play a key/vital role in 在...中起关键/重要作用
transform...into... 将...转变为...
move from...to... 从...转向...
3. 讨论问题与解决方案（议论文核心）
pose a threat/challenge to 对...构成威胁/挑战
address the issue of 解决...的问题
cope with 应对
find a solution to 找到...的解决方案
take measures to 采取措施...
deal with 处理
fight against 与...作斗争
raise awareness of 提高对...的意识
ensure food security 确保粮食安全
4. 表达目标与价值（写作结尾、观点句）
aim to 旨在
with the goal of 以...为目标
be committed to 致力于
dedicate oneself to 献身于
make a contribution to 对...做出贡献
for the benefit of 为了...的利益
in pursuit of 追求...
四、重点句型（写作提分关键）
1. 描述现状与问题（图表作文、议论文开头）
With the global population steadily increasing, the demand for food has reached an unprecedented level. 随着全球人口持续增长，粮食需求已达到前所未有的水平。
Many farmers in developing countries still rely on traditional methods, which often results in low yields and vulnerability to natural disasters. 许多发展中国家的农民仍然依赖传统方法，这通常导致产量低下且易受自然灾害影响。
A pressing issue we face today is how to produce enough food for everyone while protecting our environment. 我们当今面临的一个紧迫问题是如何在保护环境的同时为每个人生产足够的粮食。
2. 介绍技术与创新（说明文主体）
The introduction of modern machinery, such as tractors and harvesters, has dramatically improved farming efficiency. 拖拉机和收割机等现代机械的引入极大地提高了耕作效率。
Scientific innovations, including the development of high-yield crop varieties, have played a crucial role in increasing food production. 包括高产作物品种的培育在内的科学创新，在提高粮食产量方面发挥了关键作用。
By adopting sustainable farming practices, farmers can not only protect the land but also ensure long-term productivity. 通过采用可持续的耕作方式，农民不仅可以保护土地，还能确保长期的生产力。
3. 分析因果关系（阅读推断、写作分析段）
The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is a major factor contributing to soil degradation and water pollution. 化肥和农药的过度使用是导致土壤退化和水污染的一个主要因素。
If no effective measures are taken to address climate change, agricultural production in many regions will be severely affected. 如果不采取有效措施应对气候变化，许多地区的农业生产将受到严重影响。
Investing in agricultural research and education is essential, as it empowers farmers with the knowledge and tools to improve their livelihoods. 投资农业研究和教育至关重要，因为它能使农民掌握改善生计的知识和工具。
4. 提出倡议与展望（应用文、议论文结尾）
It is imperative that governments and international organizations work together to support sustainable agriculture. 各国政府和国际组织必须共同努力支持可持续农业。
As consumers, we can also contribute by choosing locally grown and organic products whenever possible. 作为消费者，我们也可以通过尽可能选择本地种植的有机产品来做出贡献。
Looking ahead, the integration of technology and traditional wisdom holds the key to solving the world’s food challenges. 展望未来，技术与传统智慧的融合是解决世界粮食挑战的关键。
五、语法聚焦（高考核心考点）
1. 被动语态（描述农业过程、科技应用）
一般现在时被动：Rice is grown extensively in this region. 这个地区广泛种植水稻。
现在进行时被动：New irrigation systems are being installed to save water. 新的灌溉系统正在安装以节约用水。
现在完成时被动：Great progress has been made in the development of drought-resistant crops. 在抗旱作物培育方面已取得巨大进展。
情态动词被动：More efforts must be made to ensure that no one suffers from hunger. 必须付出更多努力以确保没有人挨饿。
2. 定语从句（精确描述，丰富细节）
限制性定语从句：Farmers who adopt modern techniques tend to achieve higher yields. 采用现代技术的农民往往能获得更高的产量。
非限制性定语从句：Dr. Yuan Longping, whose hybrid rice has fed millions, is regarded as a national hero. 袁隆平博士被誉为民族英雄，他的杂交水稻养活了数百万人。
介词+关系代词：The era in which we relied solely on manpower for farming is long gone. 那个我们完全依赖人力耕作的时代早已过去。
3. 非谓语动词作状语（提升写作流畅度）
现在分词表主动、同时：Working tirelessly in the fields, farmers provide the food on our tables. 农民们在田间辛勤劳作，为我们提供餐桌上的食物。
过去分词表被动、状态：Faced with the challenge of climate change, agriculture must adapt. 面对气候变化的挑战，农业必须适应。
不定式表目的：Scientists are conducting research to develop crops that require less water. 科学家们正在进行研究，以培育需水量更少的作物。
4. 主语从句与表语从句（表达抽象概念）
主语从句：How we manage our agricultural resources today will determine the food security of future generations. 我们今天如何管理农业资源将决定子孙后代的粮食安全。
表语从句：The biggest challenge is that arable land is being lost at an alarming rate. 最大的挑战是可耕地正在以惊人的速度流失。
六、写作应用（高考实战）
议论文框架：传统农业 vs. 现代农业
开头段（背景引入+现象描述+论点）：
Agriculture, the backbone of human civilization, is at a crossroads. While traditional farming methods, passed down through generations, embody cultural heritage, modern agriculture, driven by technology, promises higher efficiency. In my view, a balanced integration of both is the optimal path forward for sustainable development.
主体段1（传统农业的价值与局限）：
On the one hand, traditional farming practices, such as crop rotation and organic fertilization, are often environmentally friendly and help maintain biodiversity. They represent a wealth of indigenous knowledge adapted to local conditions. However, their reliance on weather and manual labor usually leads to lower and unstable yields, which can hardly meet the demands of a growing population.
主体段2（现代农业的优势与风险）：
On the other hand, modern agriculture, characterized by mechanization, genetic modification, and chemical inputs, has dramatically boosted global food production, saving millions from starvation. Yet, it is not without drawbacks. Overuse of chemicals can pollute soil and water, and excessive dependence on a few high-yield varieties may reduce genetic diversity, making crops more vulnerable to diseases.
主体段3（提出综合解决方案）：
Therefore, instead of viewing them as opposites, we should strive to synthesize their strengths. Modern technology can be used to refine and enhance traditional wisdom. For instance, precision agriculture tools can help apply water and fertilizer more efficiently, aligning with the traditional principle of careful resource use. Governments should support research into sustainable practices and provide training for farmers to adopt this blended approach.
结尾段（总结+升华）：
In conclusion, neither blind adherence to tradition nor reckless pursuit of modernity alone can secure our agricultural future. By wisely combining the ecological wisdom of the past with the innovative tools of the present, we can cultivate a resilient and productive agricultural system that nourishes both people and the planet.
应用文（倡议书/演讲稿）核心句式：
开头：Today, I stand before you to talk about an issue that concerns us all – the future of our food and farming. / Have you ever thought about where your food comes from and the hands that grow it
正文列举/倡议：Firstly, we must recognize... Secondly, it is crucial to... Most importantly, each of us can play a part by...
结尾呼吁：Let us all become more conscious consumers and supporters of sustainable agriculture. Together, we can sow the seeds for a healthier and more food-secure tomorrow.
七、文化拓展（高考阅读理解背景）
中国相关话题词汇
Hybrid Rice 杂交水稻
Yuan Longping 袁隆平 (“Father of Hybrid Rice”)
The Chinese Farmer 中国农民
Food Self-Sufficiency 粮食自给自足
Rural Revitalization 乡村振兴
Terraced Fields 梯田
Household Responsibility System 家庭联产承包责任制
全球性问题与倡议
Green Revolution 绿色革命
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 联合国粮农组织
World Food Day (Oct 16) 世界粮食日
Zero Hunger (UN Sustainable Development Goal) 零饥饿（联合国可持续发展目标）
Climate Smart Agriculture 气候智能型农业

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