人教版(2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture 知识清单

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人教版(2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture 知识清单

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Unit3 Food and Culture 知识清单
一、 核心词汇
1. 食物类别与特征
cuisine n. 烹饪;菜肴(尤指地方风味)
flavour / flavor n. 风味,味道 → flavourful adj.
ingredient n. 成分,原料
recipe n. 食谱;诀窍
diet n. 日常饮食;节食
appetizer / starter n. 开胃菜
main course / entrée n. 主菜
dessert n. 甜点
snack n. 小吃,零食
specialty / speciality n. 特色菜;特产
organic adj. 有机的
homemade adj. 自制的
2. 烹饪与品尝
cook v./n. 烹饪/厨师
fry v. 煎,炸 → stirfry v. 炒
steam v. 蒸
boil v. 煮
roast v. 烤(肉,烤箱)
bake v. 烤(面包,糕点)
taste v. 品尝;尝起来 / n. 味道
savour / savor v. 品味,欣赏
season v. 给……调味 / n. 季节 → seasoning n. 调味品
serve v. 端上,服务
3. 感官与评价
delicious / tasty / yummy adj. 美味的
mild adj. 味道温和的;轻微的
spicy / hot adj. 辣的
sour adj. 酸的
bitter adj. 苦的
crispy / crunchy adj. 脆的
tender adj. 嫩的
raw adj. 生的
nutritious adj. 有营养的 → nutrition n.
appetizing adj. 开胃的,诱人的
4. 文化与习俗核心
culture / cultural 文化/文化的
tradition / traditional 传统/传统的
custom / habit 习俗/个人习惯
ceremony / ritual 典礼,仪式/(宗教等)仪式
symbol / symbolic 象征/象征性的
identity n. 身份 → cultural identity
hospitality n. 好客,盛情 → hospitable adj.
etiquette / manners n. 礼仪/礼貌
occasion n. 场合,时刻
atmosphere n. 氛围,气氛
5. 变化与影响
globalization / globalize 全球化/全球化
influence n./v. 影响
spread v./n. 传播,蔓延
adapt v. 适应;改编 → adaptation n.
fusion n. 融合 → fusion cuisine 融合菜
trend n. 趋势,潮流
preserve v. 保护,保存 → preservation n.
decline v./n. 衰退,减少
二、 高考高频词性变换与用法精析
1. taste (v./n.)
系动词用法:It tastes sweet. (尝起来甜)
及物动词:taste the soup (品尝汤)
名词:have a sweet taste; develop a taste for (培养对…的爱好)
形容词:tasty (美味的), tasteless (无味的;庸俗的)
2. culture (n.)
形容词:cultural (文化的)
构词:agriculture (农业), horticulture (园艺)
3. invite (v.)
invite sb. to (do) sth. 邀请某人做某事
名词:invitation (邀请)
形容词:inviting (诱人的,吸引人的) The food looks inviting.
4. symbol (n.)
a symbol of ……的象征
动词:symbolize (象征)
形容词:symbolic (象征性的)
5. nutritious (adj.)
名词:nutrition (营养,不可数), nutrient (营养素,可数)
近义:nourishing (滋补的)
6. tradition (n.)
形容词:traditional (传统的)
副词:traditionally (传统上)
动词:无直接动词,可用 follow/keep up a tradition (遵循传统)
三、 重点短语与固定搭配
A. 饮食行为与体验
1. have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食
2. be fond of / be crazy about 喜欢/痴迷于(某食物)
3. work up an appetite 增进食欲
4. eat out / dine out 外出就餐
5. tuck into 开始狼吞虎咽地吃
6. be full / stuffed 吃饱了/吃撑了
7. go on a diet 节食
8. cut down on 减少摄入
9. help oneself to 请自便取用(食物)
10. in season 当季的 ←→ out of season
B. 烹饪与准备
1. prepare/cook a meal 准备/做一顿饭
2. follow a recipe 按照食谱
3. add ... to 加入
4. mix ... with 混合
5. be made from/of 由……制成(from化学变化,of物理可见)
6. turn ... into 把……变成
7. set the table 摆好餐桌
C. 文化与社会功能
1. play a role/part in 在……中起作用
2. be associated/linked with 与……相关联
3. reflect one's culture 反映某人的文化
4. pass down (from generation to generation) (代代)相传
5. be rooted in 根植于
6. break bread with sb. 与某人共餐(有交好之意)
7. a sense of belonging 归属感
8. social gathering 社交聚会
9. in celebration of 为庆祝……
10. more than just food 不仅仅是食物
D. 变化与趋势
1. due to / because of 由于
2. lead to / contribute to 导致/促成
3. under the influence of 在……的影响下
4. give way to 让位于,被……取代
5. blend with 与……融合
6. cater to 迎合(口味、需求)
7. come into fashion 开始流行
四、 重点句型与语法结构
1. “with + 宾语 + 宾补”复合结构(描述食物或场景)
写作提分句:The fish was served, with its skin perfectly crispy and golden.
2. 感官动词作系动词
结构:look/smell/taste/sound/feel + adj.
例句:The homemade noodles tasted especially chewy and satisfying.
考点:后接形容词作表语,而非副词。
3. 现在分词作定语(表主动、进行)
写作提分句:The steaming hot pot brought everyone together.
语法填空:与过去分词(表被动、完成)区分。a boiling pot (正在沸腾的) vs. boiled water (烧开过的水)。
4. 定语从句(“介词+关系代词”描述抽象关系)
写作提分句:Food is a language through which we communicate our heritage.
高考重点:选择正确介词(如:in which, through which, for which)。
5. 强调句型:It is/was ... that/who ...
写作提分句:It is around the dining table that many family stories are shared.
考点:判断是否去掉It is/was...that后句子依然完整。
6. what引导的名词性从句(表达“所……的事物”)
写作提分句:What makes this dish unique is the secret blend of spices.
五、 主题写作与论述框架
1. 论述“饮食全球化利与弊”(议论文框架)
利:
Broadens people’s culinary horizons and offers more choices.
Promotes cultural exchange and understanding through food.
Creates economic opportunities for food industries worldwide.
弊:
May lead to the decline of traditional local cuisines and food cultures.
Can contribute to unhealthy eating habits.
Sometimes results in the loss of authentic flavours due to over-adaptation.
3. 经典作文开头/结尾句
开头:In the tapestry of human culture, food is perhaps the most vibrant and accessible thread, weaving together history, emotion, and identity.
结尾:Ultimately, to understand a culture, one must taste it. By preserving our culinary heritage while embracing positive changes, we keep our cultures alive, one meal at a time.
六、 高考考点提要与易错点
1. 可数与不可数名词:
food 表示“食物”总称时不可数;表示“各种食物”或“特定种类食品”时可数(foods)。
cuisine (菜系) 可数或不可数皆可,但通常不可数。
fruit 作总称不可数;表种类时可数(fruits)。
2. 近义词辨析:
taste (味道) vs. flavour (综合风味,包含嗅觉等因素)
custom (社会习俗) vs. habit (个人习惯)
raw (生的,未加工的) vs. fresh (新鲜的)
3. 动词搭配易错点:
taste 作系动词时后接形容词:The soup tastes delicious (正确), not deliciously。
invite sb. to a party / to attend a party.
serve 可直接接宾语:serve the guests (为客人服务), serve the dish (上菜)。
4. 写作升级建议:
避免过度使用“delicious”,可替换为:flavourful, appetizing, mouthwatering, delectable, exquisite。
描述“重要”时,用 play a vital role in 替代 “is important in”。
多使用“非谓语动词”和“复合句”整合信息,展现语言丰富性。

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