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Unit4 Journey Across a Vast Land 知识清单
一、 核心词汇
1. 旅程与交通
journey / trip / voyage / tour n. 旅程/旅行/航海旅行/观光旅行
route / itinerary n. 路线/旅行日程
board v. 登上（交通工具）→ on board 在车/船/飞机上
depart v. 出发 → departure n. ←→ arrive / arrival
bound (for) adj. 前往……的（a train bound for Toronto）
transfer v./n. 换乘，中转
accommodation n. 住宿
schedule / timetable n. 时刻表，日程
delay v./n. 延误
2. 自然地理与景观
vast / immense / enormous adj. 广阔的，巨大的
landscape / scenery n. 风景，景观
terrain n. 地形，地带
wilderness n. 荒野，旷野
plain n. 平原
plateau n. 高原
basin n. 盆地；流域
valley n. 山谷
canyon / gorge n. 峡谷
peak / summit n. 山峰，顶峰
glacier n. 冰川 → glacial adj.
forest / forested 森林/森林覆盖的
frozen adj. 冰冻的 → freeze v.
3. 气候与环境
climate n. 气候（长期）←→ weather n. 天气（短期）
temperate adj. 温带的；温和的
continental adj. 大陆性的
severe / harsh adj. 严酷的，恶劣的
breeze n. 微风
frost n. 霜冻
thaw v./n. 融化，解冻
breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的
remote / isolated adj. 偏远的/隔绝的
dense adj. 稠密的 → density n.
4. 人类活动与体验
settle v. 定居；解决 → settler n. → settlement n.
explore v. 探索 → exploration n. → explorer n.
wander v. 漫步，徘徊
overlook v. 俯瞰；忽视
observe v. 观察；遵守
spot v. 发现，认出 / n. 地点，斑点
capture v. 捕捉；俘虏
adapt (to) v. 适应 → adaptation n.
survive v. 幸存 → survival n. → survivor n.
impress v. 留下印象 → impression n.
5. 情感与感知
amazed / astonished adj. 惊讶的
in awe (of) 对……感到敬畏
overwhelmed adj. （感情上） overwhelmed by the view
refresh v. 使恢复精神 → refreshing adj.
exhausted / worn out adj. 筋疲力尽的
unforgettable / memorable adj. 难忘的
二、 高考高频词性变换与用法精析
1. impress (v.)
impress sb. with sth. / be impressed by/with
名词：impression (印象) → make a deep impression on
形容词：impressive (令人印象深刻的)， impressionable (易受影响的)
2. vary (v.)
vary from... to... (在……到……之间变化)
形容词：various (各种各样的)， variable (易变的)， varied (多样化的)
名词：variety (多样性) → a variety of
名词：variation (变化，变体)
3. breathe (v.)
breathe in/out 吸入/呼出
名词：breath [breθ] (一口气，呼吸) → hold one's breath， out of breath
形容词：breathless (气喘吁吁的；令人窒息的)， breathtaking (激动人心的)
4. occupy (v.)
含义1：占据（空间、时间）
含义2：使忙碌 (be occupied with/in)
含义3：占领（军事）
名词：occupation (职业；占领；占用)
5. vast (adj.)
强调面积、范围、数量的巨大。
近义词辨析：vast (辽阔的)， immense (强调大得难以衡量)， enormous (体积或程度巨大)， tremendous (大得惊人，常作“极大的”抽象义)。
三、 重点短语与固定搭配
A. 旅行过程类
1. set out / off (for) 出发（前往）
2. be bound for 驶往，前往
3. make one’s way to 前往，行进
4. transfer to 换乘到……
5. check in (to) / out (of) 入住登记/退房离开
6. pack up 打包行李
7. on the way 在路上
8. behind schedule 晚点 ←→ ahead of schedule
9. a direct flight/train 直达航班/火车
B. 景观描述与体验类
1. stretch (as far as the eye can see) 延伸（至目之所及）
2. be dotted with 散布着，点缀着
3. be covered in/with 被……覆盖
4. overlook the valley 俯瞰山谷
5. in the distance 在远处
6. up close 近距离地
7. take in the view 欣赏风景
8. at the foot/top of 在……山脚/山顶
9. a bird’seye view 鸟瞰图
10. be lost in 沉醉于，迷失在
C. 情感与互动类
1. in awe (of) 对……充满敬畏
2. to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
3. feel refreshed 感到神清气爽
4. run into / come across 偶然遇见
5. strike up a conversation 开始交谈
6. share experiences 分享经历
7. feel at home 感觉自在
8. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事
9. be overwhelmed by 被……淹没（情感上）
D. 环境与挑战类
1. adapt to the climate 适应气候
2. survive the cold 在寒冷中生存
3. be well prepared for 为……做好充分准备
4. face challenges 面对挑战
5. brave the elements 顶风冒雨，不畏恶劣天气
6. in harsh conditions 在恶劣条件下
四、 重点句型与语法结构
1. as 引导的非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句）
写作提分句：The train snaked through the mountains, as we had expected, offering stunning views.
考点：as 在从句中作主语或宾语，位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。与which引导的此类从句有时可互换，但as常见于固定表达如as is known to all。
2. 独立主格结构（作状语，表伴随、原因、时间）
写作提分句：The journey over, we all felt a sense of great accomplishment. (表时间)
写作提分句：We continued our hike, the guide leading the way. (表伴随)
结构：名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。高考语法填空和写作提分关键。
3. “介词 + which/whom”引导的定语从句
写作提分句：The lake beside which we camped was crystal clear.
考点：判断介词（根据从句动词搭配或主句名词搭配）。This is the train on which we travelled across Canada.
4. 倒装句（表强调，尤以地点状语开头）
写作提分句：Beyond the forest lies a vast frozen lake, glittering under the sun.
结构：表示地点的介词短语（如Beyond..., In front of...）置于句首，主谓完全倒装。条件是主语为名词（非代词）。
5. what 从句作主语，突出所见所感
写作提分句：What impressed me most was the sheer scale of the wilderness.
功能：使表达聚焦于特定体验，比简单名词主语更生动有力。
6. while 引导的状语从句（表对比、让步）
写作提分句：While the days were exhausting, the evenings by the campfire were pure magic.
考点：强调主从句动作或状态的对比，比but更显书面和高级。
五、 主题写作与论述框架
1. 描述一段旅程/景观的框架（读后续写、概要写作）
时空定位：Early one morning, we boarded the train bound for... / As we approached...
景观描绘（用感官细节）：Before us/Eyes stretched an endless plain, dotted with... The air was filled with... and the only sound was...
人物反应：Overwhelmed by the view, we fell silent. / A sense of peace washed over me.
感悟升华：It was at that moment I truly understood the meaning of... / The journey was more than...; it was a lesson in...
2. 论述“长途旅行的价值”
论点句：Undertaking a long journey across a vast land holds profound value beyond mere sightseeing.
论据1 (个人成长)：It pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, fostering resilience, adaptability and problem-solving skills as they face unforeseen challenges.
论据2 (文化理解)：It offers an immersive experience of diverse landscapes and local lifestyles, breaking down stereotypes and cultivating a deeper appreciation for cultural and geographical diversity.
论据3 (视角刷新)：Confronting the immensity of nature often puts one's own life into perspective, inspiring humility and a refreshed outlook on life.
结论：Therefore, such a journey is an invaluable investment in personal development and global citizenship.
3. 经典作文开头/结尾句
开头：There is a unique magic in traversing a continent by rail, where the journey itself becomes the destination, and each passing landscape tells a silent story.
结尾：As the tracks faded behind us, we carried forward not just photographs, but a renewed sense of scale for the world and our place within its vast and breathtaking tapestry.
六、 高考考点提要与易错点
1. 易混近义词组：
scenery (自然风景总称，不可数) vs. view (从某处看到的景色，可数) vs. landscape (陆上风景，可指地理特征)
journey (常指陆上长途旅行) vs. voyage (海上或太空航行) vs. trip (短途或泛指旅行)
climate (气候，长期) vs. weather (天气，短期)
2. 词性转换难点：
breathe (v.) → breath (n.) 拼写与发音均不同。
vary → variety (多样性) / variation (变化形式) 含义侧重点不同。
impress → impressionable (易受影响的) 与 impressive 含义不同。
3. 动词搭配陷阱：
board 为及物动词，直接接宾语：board the train。
overlook 有“俯瞰”和“忽视”两个相反含义，需根据语境判断。
be bound for 中的 bound 是形容词，表“正要前往的”。
4. 写作升级建议：
描述“大”时，交替使用 vast, immense, enormous, tremendous。
多用“独立主格”和“介词+which从句”替代简单句或并列句，提升句子复杂度。
在描述感受时，用 A sense of awe washed over me. 替代 I felt amazed.

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