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Unit5 First Aid 知识清单
一、 核心词汇
1. 伤害与症状
injury n. 伤害，受伤 → injure v. → injured adj.
wound n. （尤指利器造成的）伤口 / v. 使受伤
bleed v. 流血 → bleeding n./adj.
burn n./v. 烧伤，灼伤 → first-degree/second-degree burn 一度/二度烧伤
choke v. 窒息，呛住
poison n. 毒药 / v. 毒害 → poisoning n. 中毒 → poisonous adj.
fracture n./v. 骨折
sprain n./v. 扭伤
swell v. 肿胀 → swelling n.
scratch n./v. 抓伤，划伤
bruise n./v. 淤伤，擦伤
unconscious adj. 失去知觉的 ←→ conscious adj.
dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的
2. 急救动作与处理
aid n./v. 援助 → first aid 急救
treat v. 治疗；对待 → treatment n.
press v. 按压
wrap v. 包裹
elevate v. 抬高
immobilize v. 使固定不动
squeeze v. 挤，捏
perform v. 执行，进行 → perform CPR 进行心肺复苏
dress v. 包扎（伤口）→ dressing n. 敷料，绷带
bandage n. 绷带 / v. 用绷带包扎
sterile adj. 无菌的
disinfect v. 消毒
3. 急救原则与评估
emergency n. 紧急情况 → emergency services 紧急服务
assess v. 评估 → assessment n.
scene n. 现场 → scene assessment 现场评估
response n. 反应；回应 → respond v.
check for 检查（呼吸、脉搏）
priority n. 优先事项 → prioritize v.
DRABC (Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation) 急救初步评估步骤
alert v. 报警，通知 / adj. 警觉的
panic n./v. 恐慌 → Don’t panic! 别慌！
4. 相关物品与场所
First-aid kit 急救箱
ambulance n. 救护车
paramedic n. 急救医护人员
defibrillator n. 除颤器
thermometer n. 温度计
antiseptic n./adj. 抗菌剂/抗菌的
ointment n. 药膏
splint n. （固定骨折的）夹板
stretcher n. 担架
二、 高考高频词性变换与用法精析
1. injure (v.)
名词：injury (可数，指具体的伤；不可数，指受伤的状态)
形容词：injured (受伤的)， the injured (伤员们)
易混：wound 多指外伤，尤指战争、暴力所致；injury 泛指各种伤害。
2. bleed (v.)
过去式/过去分词：bled
名词：bleeding (流血，不可数)
形容词：bloody (血污的)
3. conscious (adj.)
反义词：unconscious
名词：consciousness (意识) → lose/regain consciousness 失去/恢复知觉
4. treat (v.)
名词：treatment (治疗；对待)
形容词：treatable (可治疗的)
人：doctor 医生， patient 病人
5. poison (n./v.)
名词：poisoning (中毒事件，不可数) → food poisoning 食物中毒
形容词：poisonous (有毒的)， toxic (毒性的)
三、 重点短语与固定搭配（附应用场景）
A. 急救步骤与指令（祈使句高频）
1. Call for help / Call an ambulance. 呼救/叫救护车。
2. Check the scene for danger. 检查现场是否安全。
3. Check for response. 检查伤者有无反应。
4. Clear the airway. 清理气道。
5. Stop the bleeding. 止血。
6. Apply pressure to the wound. 按压伤口。
7. Elevate the injured part. 抬高受伤部位。
8. Perform CPR. 实施心肺复苏。
9. Roll someone onto their side. 将某人侧卧（复苏体位）。
10. Seek medical attention immediately. 立即就医。
B. 描述伤害与处理
1. suffer from 遭受（痛苦、疾病）
2. be allergic to 对……过敏
3. in case of 万一，如果发生
4. lead to 导致
5. result in 导致（结果）
6. prevent...from... 防止……
7. protect...from... 保护……免受……
8. be soaked in 浸泡在……中
9. cool the burn with running water. 用流动水冷却烧伤处。
10. have a knowledge of 具备……的知识
C. 原则与态度
1. stay calm 保持冷静
2. act quickly and confidently 迅速而果断地行动
3. follow the steps 遵循步骤
4. be aware of 意识到，知道
5. make a difference 产生影响（挽救生命）
6. It’s vital/crucial to do... 做……至关重要。
7. save a life 挽救生命
四、 重点句型与语法结构（写作与语法考点）
1. 祈使句（用于急救指令）
写作/口语应用：Stay calm. Do not move the patient if a spinal injury is suspected.
2. “if” 引导的条件状语从句（主将从现/主情从现）
写作提分句：If someone is choking, you should perform the Heimlich manoeuvre immediately.
高考重点：在谈论一般性急救原则时，主句常用情态动词（should, must, can），从句用一般现在时。
3. 现在分词作状语（表伴随、方式）
写作提分句：Apply pressure to the wound, using a clean cloth or bandage.
语法填空：判断动词与逻辑主语之间的主动关系，选用现在分词。
4. “so that” / “in order that” 引导的目的状语从句
写作提分句：Elevate the burned area so that it is above the level of the heart.
功能：清晰地表达急救动作的目的，比简单用“to do”更正式。
5. 被动语态（强调动作承受者或客观描述步骤）
写作提分句：The wound should be covered with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.
考点：在描述标准操作流程时，被动语态使用频繁，语法填空中考查助动词和过去分词。
6. “It is + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do...” （评价性句型）
写作提分句：It is essential for every citizen to have some basic first-aid knowledge.
功能：用于论述急救知识的重要性，使观点表达更客观有力。
五、 主题写作与论述框架
1. 描述一个急救场景或步骤
场景引入：Imagine you witness a person who is choking on food.
步骤分解（使用顺序词）：
First, ask “Are you choking ” If they can’t speak, call for help immediately.
Then, stand behind the person and apply quick, upward abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich manoeuvre).
Continue until the object is dislodged or the person becomes unconscious.
注意事项：Never slap a choking person on the back, as this may worsen the situation.
结尾强调：Remember, acting promptly and correctly can save a life.
2. 论述“普及急救知识的重要性”
论点句：Equipping the public with first-aid knowledge is a vital component of a safe and resilient society.
论据1 (挽救生命)：In emergencies like cardiac arrest or severe bleeding, the first few minutes are critical. Bystanders with first-aid skills can perform lifesaving interventions before professionals arrive, dramatically increasing survival rates.
论据2 (减轻伤害)：Proper initial treatment, such as cooling a burn or immobilizing a fracture, can prevent the condition from worsening and reduce long-term complications.
论据3 (社会责任)：It fosters a sense of community responsibility and empowers individuals to make a difference in others’ time of need, rather than feeling helpless.
建议措施：Therefore, first-aid training should be integrated into school curricula and workplace safety programs.
结论：Widespread first-aid literacy is not just a skill set; it’s a social lifeline.
3. 经典作文开头/结尾句
开头：In the critical moments following an accident, knowledge is more powerful than hope. First aid, the immediate care given to the injured, is that crucial knowledge that bridges the gap between disaster and survival.
结尾：By empowering ourselves with first-aid skills, we do not merely learn procedures; we become potential guardians of life, ready to extend a helping hand when fate takes an unexpected turn.
六、 高考考点提要与易错点
1. 易混动词辨析：
wound (多指外部利器伤) vs. injure (泛指各种伤害)
treat (治疗) vs. cure (治愈)
affect (v. 影响，使…发生变化) vs. effect (n. 效果，影响)
2. 动词搭配易错点：
perform an operation/CPR (执行)， do first aid (进行急救) 都可，但perform更正式。
prevent/stop sb. from doing 中的 from 不可省略。
apply pressure to， apply ointment on 介词搭配不同。
3. 名词的可数与不可数：
advice (建议) 不可数 → a piece of advice。
knowledge (知识) 不可数，但 a knowledge of... (对…的了解) 是固定搭配。
equipment (设备) 不可数。
damage (损坏) 不可数。
4. 写作升级建议：
使用专业术语体现准确性：用 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 替代 “heart massage”。
多用情态动词表达不同程度的义务和必要性：must (必须)， should/ought to (应该)， can/could (可以)。
在论述时，使用 It is universally acknowledged that... (众所周知…) 等句式增强说服力。

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