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Unit5 Poems 知识清单
一、 核心词汇
poem n. 诗（一首）→ poetry n. 诗歌（总称，不可数） verse n. 诗节；诗句
rhyme n. 押韵；韵脚 v. 押韵 → rhyming adj. rhythm n. 节奏，韵律 → rhythmic adj.
sonnet n. 十四行诗 haiku n. 俳句
lyric n. 抒情诗；歌词 adj. 抒情的 narrative poem 叙事诗
free verse 自由诗（不押韵） image n. 意象 → imagery n. （总称）意象
metaphor n. 隐喻 → metaphorical adj. simile n. 明喻 (use “like” or “as”)
symbol n. 象征 → symbolic adj. → symbolize v. personification n. 拟人
repetition n. 重复 tone n. 语气，语调
mood n. 情绪，氛围 theme n. 主题
voice n. （诗人的）声音，风格 stanza n. 诗节
line n. （诗的）一行 compose v. 创作（乐曲、诗）→ composition n. 作品；作曲
express v. 表达 → expression n. → expressive adj. convey v. 传达（思想、感情）
describe v. 描述 → description n. evoke v. 唤起，引起（情感、记忆）
inspire v. 赋予灵感；激励 → inspiration n. reflect v. 反映；反思
condense v. 浓缩，精简（诗歌语言精炼） appreciate v. 欣赏；感激 → appreciation n.
interpret v. 诠释，解读 → interpretation n. emotion n. 情感 → emotional adj.
feeling n. 感觉，感情 intense adj. 强烈的 → intensity n.
profound adj. 深刻的 subtle adj. 微妙的
vivid adj. 生动的，鲜明的 → vividly adv. beautiful adj. 美的 → beauty n.
powerful adj. 有力的 moving adj. 动人的
melancholy n./adj. 忧郁（的）
二、 高考高频词性变换与用法精析
1. poem / poetry
poem 是可数名词，指具体的“一首诗”。
poetry 是不可数名词，是“诗歌”的总称，指一种文学形式。
诗人：poet
2. express (v.)
名词：expression (表达；表情)
形容词：expressive (富有表现力的)， expressionless (无表情的)
固定搭配：express oneself 表达自己
3. inspire (v.)
名词：inspiration (灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事) → source of inspiration
形容词：inspired (受启发的；有灵感的)， inspiring (鼓舞人心的)
搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
4. describe (v.)
名词：description (描述) → beyond description 难以形容
形容词：descriptive (描写的，描述性的)
5. symbol (n.)
动词：symbolize (象征)
形容词：symbolic (象征性的)
搭配：be a symbol of / symbolize 是…的象征
6. repeat (v.)
名词：repetition (重复)
形容词：repetitive (重复的)
三、 重点短语与固定搭配
make sense of 理解，弄懂（常指理解诗歌的深层含义） be composed of 由…组成
be filled with 充满（情感、意象） be rich in 富含，充满
call up / evoke memories/emotions 唤起回忆/情感 give voice to 表达（情感、思想）
speak to 引起…的共鸣；对…诉说 look beneath the surface 探究表面之下（的深意）
in other words 换句话说（用于解释诗歌含义） play with words/language 玩文字游戏
have a profound effect on 对…有深远影响 leave a deep impression on 给…留下深刻印象
strike a chord (with) 引起（…的）共鸣 touch one’s heart 触动某人的心弦
food for thought 发人深省的东西 to one’s surprise/delight 令某人惊讶/高兴的是
in a sense 在某种意义上 more than just words 不仅仅是文字
differ from 与…不同 be similar to 与…相似
in contrast to 与…对比 compared with/to 与…相比
be associated with 与…相关联 be rooted in 根植于
have sth. in common 有共同之处
四、 重点句型与语法结构
1. “what” 引导的名词性从句
写作提分句：What makes this poem timeless is its universal exploration of love and loss.
写作提分句：The poet masterfully expresses what words often fail to convey.
2. “It is... that...” 强调句型
写作提分句：It is through vivid imagery that the poet paints an emotional landscape for the reader.
写作提分句：It is not the rhyme, but the raw emotion that gives the poem its power.
3. “so... that...” / “such... that...” 引导的结果状语从句
写作提分句：The language is so condensed that every word carries immense weight.
写作提分句：It is such a moving poem that it brings tears to the eyes of its readers.
4. “Just as..., so...” 结构
写作提分句：Just as Chinese poetry often draws on nature for imagery, so does much of English Romantic poetry.
5. 现在分词作状语
写作提分句：The poem unfolds, revealing layers of meaning with each line.
写作提分句：Using simple language, the poet conveys complex emotions.
6. “may/might not... but...” 让步结构
写作提分句：The poem may not follow a strict rhyme scheme, but its rhythmic flow is undeniable.
五、 主题写作与论述框架
1. 论述“诗歌在现代社会的价值”（议论文框架）
论点句：In our fast-paced, digital age, poetry remains an indispensable repository of human emotion and a vital counterbalance to the superficiality of modern life.
论据1 (情感深度与共鸣)：Poetry gives precise and profound expression to feelings that are often inexpressible in everyday language. It validates our inner experiences and provides comfort by showing us we are not alone in our joys and sorrows.
论据2 (语言与思维的锤炼)：It celebrates the beauty and power of language, encouraging precision, creativity, and critical thinking. Engaging with poetry sharpens our ability to interpret nuance and appreciate multiple layers of meaning.
论据3 (文化连接与反思)：Poetry preserves cultural heritage and offers insights into the human condition across time and space. It encourages moments of pause and reflection, which are essential for mental well-being in a world of constant noise.
结论：Therefore, far from being an outdated art form, poetry is a necessary lens through which we can see ourselves and the world more deeply, making it as relevant today as ever.
2. 经典作文开头/结尾句
开头：Poetry is the unsung music of language, where emotions find their rhythm, thoughts their imagery, and the inexpressible finds a voice.
结尾：In a world that often values speed over depth, poetry stands as a testament to the enduring power of quiet reflection and condensed beauty, reminding us that the most profound truths are often felt in the silence between the lines.
六、 高考考点提要与易错点
1. 易混词辨析：
poem (可数) vs. poetry (不可数)
verse (诗节/韵文) vs. lyrics (歌词，复数)
metaphor (隐喻，暗喻) vs. simile (明喻，使用like/as)
mood (作品营造的氛围) vs. tone (作者的语气态度)
2. 动词搭配易错点：
express oneself 表达自己。
inspire sb. to do 激励某人做某事。
be composed of (由…组成) 用被动语态。
convey 是及物动词，直接接宾语：convey a message/feeling。
3. 名词的可数与不可数：
poetry, literature, imagery 不可数。
advice, information, equipment 不可数。
evidence (证据) 不可数。
4. 写作升级建议：
赏析时避免总说“beautiful”，可用：touching, profound, evocative, poignant, exquisite。
表达“重要”时，用 play a vital role in / be of great significance。
多使用文学评论术语：The poet employs... to achieve the effect of...。
在论述时，使用 It is no exaggeration to say that... (毫不夸张地说…) 来加强语气。

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